Digital library
Textbooks, references and open learning resources.
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Adjustment theory: an introduction
Peter Teunissen · TU Delft Open · 2024
Adjustment theory can be regarded as the part of mathematical geodesy that deals with the optimal combination of redundant measurements together with the estimation of unknown parameters. It is essential for a geodesist, its meaning comparable to what mechanics means to a civil engineer or a mechanical engineer. Historically, the first methods of combining redundant measurements originate from the study of three problems in geodesy and astronomy, namely to determine the size and shape of the Earth, to explain the long-term inequality in the motions of Jupiter and Saturn, and to find a mathematical representation of the motions of the Moon. Nowadays, the methods of adjustment are used for a much greater variety of geodetic applications, ranging from, for instance, surveying and navigation to remote sensing and global positioning. The two main reasons for performing redundant measurements are the wish to increase the accuracy of the results computed and the requirement to be able to check for errors. Due to the intrinsic uncertainty in measurements, measurement redundancy generally leads to an inconsistent system of equations. Without additional criteria, such a system of equations is not uniquely solvable. In this introductory course on adjustment theory, methods are developed and presented for solving inconsistent systems of equations. The leading principle is that of least-squares adjustment together with its statistical properties. The inconsistent systems of equations can come in many different guises. They could be given in parametric form, in implicit form, or as a combination of these two forms. In each case the same principle of least-squares applies. The algorithmic realizations of the solution will differ however. Depending on the application at hand, one could also wish to choose between obtaining the solution in one single step or in a step-wise manner. This leads to the need of formulating the system of equations in partitioned form. Different partitions
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Electrolysers, Fuel Cells and Batteries: Analytical Modelling
Willem Haverkort · TU Delft Open · 2024
Electrochemical engineering deals with electrochemical devices like electrolysers, fuel cells, and batteries. While several excellent books exist in this long-standing and still growing field, their focus is usually on chemistry or phenomenology. In this textbook, we focus on mathematical modelling of the physical phenomena involved. Instead of resorting to numerical modelling, the aim is to derive simplified analytical models that maximise understanding. Porous electrodes, ion mass transport, and multiphase flow are central themes in this book. Examples include modelling the water saturation in a fuel cell diffusion layer, the gas fraction and current distribution in an alkaline water electrolyser, the potential distribution in a binary electrolyte inside porous battery electrode, and the concentration distribution in the flow channel of a redox flow battery. This makes for a diverse, challenging, and stimulating journey, for both students and researchers.
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Introduction to Systems Biology: Workbook for Flipped-Classroom Teaching
Thomas Sauter; Marco Albrecht · Open Book Publishers · 2023
This book is an introduction to the language of systems biology, which is spoken among many disciplines, from biology to engineering. Authors Thomas Sauter and Marco Albrecht draw on a multidisciplinary background and evidence-based learning to facilitate the understanding of biochemical networks, metabolic modeling and system dynamics. Their pedagogic approach briefly highlights core ideas of concepts in a broader interdisciplinary framework to guide a more effective deep dive thereafter. The learning journey starts with the purity of mathematical concepts, reveals its power to connect biological entities in structure and time, and finally introduces physics concepts to tightly align abstraction with reality. This workbook is all about self-paced learning, supports the flipped-classroom concept, and kick-starts with scientific evidence on studying. Each chapter comes with links to external YouTube videos, learning checklists, and Integrated real-world examples to gain confidence in thinking across scientific perspectives. The result is an integrated approach that opens a line of communication between theory and application, enabling readers to actively learn as they read. This overview of capturing and analyzing the behavior of biological systems will interest adherers of systems biology and network analysis, as well as related fields such as bioinformatics, biology, cybernetics, and data science.
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Aerodynamics and Aircraft Performance
James Marchman III · Virginia Tech Libraries · 2004
Aerodynamics and Aircraft Performance, 3rd edition is a college undergraduate-level introduction to aircraft aerodynamics and performance. This text is designed for a course in Aircraft Performance that is taught before the students have had any course in fluid mechanics, fluid dynamics, or aerodynamics. The text is meant to provide the essential information from these types of courses that is needed for teaching basic subsonic aircraft performance, and it is assumed that the students will learn the full story of aerodynamics in other, later courses. The text assumes that the students will have had a university level Physics sequence in which they will have been introduced to the most fundamental concepts of statics, dynamics, fluid mechanics, and basic conservation laws that are needed to understand the coverage that follows. It is also assumed that students will have completed first year university level calculus sequence plus a course in multi-variable calculus. Separate courses in engineering statics and dynamics are helpful but not necessary. Any student who takes a course using this text after completing courses in aerodynamics or fluid dynamics should find the chapters of this book covering those subjects an interesting review of the material. The 236-page text was created specifically for use by undergraduate students in Aerospace Engineering and was based on Professor Marchman’s many years of experience teaching related subject matter as well as his numerous wind tunnel research projects related to aircraft aerodynamics and his personal experience as the owner and pilot of a general aviation airplane. It has been used at Virginia Tech and other universities. Instructors reviewing, adopting, or adapting parts or the whole of the text are requested to register their interest at: https://bit.ly/aerodynamics_interest.
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Stability of Ships and Other Bodies
Genick Bar-Meir · Potto Project · 2021
This book, Stability of Ships and Other Bodies, describes the fundamentals when and why floating bodies are stable. In addition, it describes steps that transforms un–stable bodies to stable. This book is designed to replace all the other books and inseminate that recent developed technology and advances. The material in standard books is so entrenched, old, and outdated material that one can be only amazed. For example, concept like potential stability is not discussed or even mentioned in any of all the books that this author review. This book written from physical point of view rather then construction point of view like all the books review by this author on stability. It is hoped that the book could be used as a reference book for people who have at least some basics knowledge of science areas such as algebra, basic physics, etc. Even without deep understating the graphs in this book can be used to find necessarily quantities needed to understand if to fix your vessel.
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Bio-Inspired Sensory Systems
Geoffrey Brooks · Florida State University · 2021
Using natural sensory system concepts to develop and improve sensory systems will continue to thrive for many years to come. Technology advances rapidly (Moore’s Law) as does our understanding of biological principles and designs. These trends fuel the fertile grounds of bio-inspired sensory systems, a topic that is inherently multidisciplinary. This book will serve well as either an academic text on the subject or an introduction to the variety of proven bio-inspired designs. The focus is on sensory systems that interpret environmental stimuli. It introduces natural photo-, mechano-, and chemo-sensory systems across the animal kingdom and also summarizes various novel engineering ideas that glean ideas from these natural sensory systems.
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Electromagnetics
Steven Ellingson · Virginia Tech Publishing · 2020
Electromagnetics, volume 2 by Steven W. Ellingson is a 216-page peer-reviewed open textbook designed especially for electrical engineering students in the third year of a bachelor of science degree program. It is intended as the primary textbook for the second semester of a two-semester undergraduate engineering electromagnetics sequence. The book addresses magnetic force and the Biot-Savart law; general and lossy media; parallel plate and rectangular waveguides; parallel wire, microstrip, and coaxial transmission lines; AC current flow and skin depth; reflection and transmission at planar boundaries; fields in parallel plate, parallel wire, and microstrip transmission lines; optical fiber; and radiation and antennas. To express your interest in this book or series, please visit http://bit.ly/vtpublishing-updates Additional resources Problem sets and the corresponding solution manuals; Slides of figures used in and created for the book; LaTeX sourcefiles; Errata for Volume 2; Collaborator portal for the Electromagnetics series; Faculty listserv for the Electromagnetics series. An accessible version will be available in January 2020. The Open Electromagnetics Project Led by Steven W. Ellingson at Virginia Tech, the goal of the Open Electromagnetics Project is to create no-cost openly-licensed content for courses in engineering electromagnetics. The project is motivated by two things: lowering learning material costs for students and giving faculty the freedom to adopt, modify, and improve their educational resources. Books in this Series Electromagnetics, Volume 1 https://doi.org/10.21061/electromagnetics-vol-1 Electromagnetics, Volume 2 https://doi.org/10.21061/electromagnetics-vol-2
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Chemical Process Dynamics and Controls
Peter Woolf · openmichigan · 2009
Process controls is a mixture between the statistics and engineering discipline that deals with the mechanism, architectures, and algorithms for controlling a process. Some examples of controlled processes are: •Controlling the temperature of a water stream by controlling the amount of steam added to the shell of a heat exchanger. •Operating a jacketed reactor isothermally by controlling the mixture of cold water and steam that flows through the jacket of a jacketed reactor. •Maintaining a set ratio of reactants to be added to a reactor by controlling their flow rates. •Controlling the height of fluid in a tank to ensure that it does not overflow.
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Electromagnetics
Steven Ellingson · Virginia Tech Libraries · 2018
Electromagnetics Volume 1 by Steven W. Ellingson is a 238-page, peer-reviewed open educational resource intended for electrical engineering students in the third year of a bachelor of science degree program. It is intended as a primary textbook for a one-semester first course in undergraduate engineering electromagnetics. The book employs the “transmission lines first” approach in which transmission lines are introduced using a lumped-element equivalent circuit model for a differential length of transmission line, leading to one-dimensional wage equations for voltage and current. Additional ResourcesProblem sets and the corresponding solution manual are also available.
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Notes on Diffy Qs: Differential Equations for Engineers
Jirí Lebl · Jirí Lebl · 2014
A one semester first course on differential equations, aimed at engineering students. Prerequisite for the course is the basic calculus sequence. This free online book (e-book in webspeak) should be usable as a stand-alone textbook or as a companion to a course using another book such as Edwards and Penney, Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems: Computing and Modeling or Boyce and DiPrima, Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems (section correspondence to these two is given). I developed and used these notes to teach Math 286/285 at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Sample Dirichlet problem solution (one is a 4-day-a-week, the other a 3-day-a-week semester-long course). I have also taught Math 20D at University of California, San Diego with these notes (a 3-day-a-week quarter-long course). There is enough material to run a 2-quarter course, and even perhaps a two semester course depending on lecturer speed.
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Elementary Differential Equations with Boundary Value Problems
William Trench · A.T. Still University · 2013
Elementary Differential Equations with Boundary Value Problems is written for students in science, engineering, and mathematics who have completed calculus through partial differentiation. An elementary text should be written so the student can read it with comprehension without too much pain. I have tried to put myself in the student's place, and have chosen to err on the side of too much detail rather than not enough. An elementary text can't be better than its exercises. This text includes 1695 numbered exercises, many with several parts. They range in difficulty from routine to very challenging. An elementary text should be written in an informal but mathematically accurate way, illustrated by appropriate graphics. I have tried to formulate mathematical concepts succinctly in language that students can understand. I have minimized the number of explicitly stated theorems and definitions, preferring to deal with concepts in a more conversational way, copiously illustrated by 250 completely worked out examples. Where appropriate, concepts and results are depicted in 144 figures. Although I believe that the computer is an immensely valuable tool for learning, doing, and writing mathematics, the selection and treatment of topics in this text reflects my pedagogical orientation along traditional lines. However, I have incorporated what I believe to be the best use of modern technology, so you can select the level of technology that you want to include in your course. The text includes 336 exercises – identified by the symbols C and C/G – that call for graphics or computation and graphics. There are also 73 laboratory exercises – identified by L – that require extensive use of technology. In addition, several sections include informal advice on the use of technology. If you prefer not to emphasize technology, simply ignore these exercises and the advice.
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Sustainability: A Comprehensive Foundation
Tom Theis; Jonathan Tomkin · OpenStax CNX · 2015
With “Sustainability: A Comprehensive Foundation”, first and second-year college students are introduced to this expanding new field, comprehensively exploring the essential concepts from every branch of knowledge – including engineering and the applied arts, natural and social sciences, and the humanities. As sustainability is a multi-disciplinary area of study, the text is the product of multiple authors drawn from the diverse faculty of the University of Illinois: each chapter is written by a recognized expert in the field. This text is designed to introduce the reader to the essential concepts of sustainability. This subject is of vital importance seeking as it does to uncover the principles of the long-term welfare of all the peoples of the planet but is only peripherally served by existing college textbooks. The content is intended to be useful for both a broad-based introductory class on sustainability and as a useful supplement to specialist courses which wish to review the sustainability dimensions of their areas of study. By covering a wide range of topics with a uniformity of style, and by including glossaries, review questions, case studies, and links to further resources, the text has sufficient range to perform as the core resource for a semester course. Students who cover the material in the book will be conversant in the language and concepts of sustainability, and will be equipped for further study in sustainable planning, policy, economics, climate, ecology, infrastructure, and more. Furthermore, the modular design allows individual chapters and sections to be easily appropriated without the purchase of a whole new text. This allows educators to easily bring sustainability concepts, references, and case studies into their area of study. This appropriation works particularly well as the text is free downloadable to anyone who wishes to use it. Furthermore, readers are encouraged to work with the text. Provided there is attribution to the source, use
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Introduction to Probability
Charles Grinstead; J. Laurie Snell · American Mathematical Society · 2006
Probability theory began in seventeenth century France when the two great French mathematicians, Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat, corresponded over two problems from games of chance. Problems like those Pascal and Fermat solved continuedto influence such early researchers as Huygens, Bernoulli, and DeMoivre in establishing a mathematical theory of probability. Today, probability theory is a wellestablished branch of mathematics that finds applications in every area of scholarlyactivity from music to physics, and in daily experience from weather prediction topredicting the risks of new medical treatments. This text is designed for an introductory probability course taken by sophomores,juniors, and seniors in mathematics, the physical and social sciences, engineering,and computer science. It presents a thorough treatment of probability ideas andtechniques necessary for a form understanding of the subject. The text can be usedin a variety of course lengths, levels, and areas of emphasis. For use in a standard one-term course, in which both discrete and continuousprobability is covered, students should have taken as a prerequisite two terms ofcalculus, including an introduction to multiple integrals. In order to cover Chapter 11, which contains material on Markov chains, some knowledge of matrix theoryis necessary. The text can also be used in a discrete probability course. The material has beenorganized in such a way that the discrete and continuous probability discussions arepresented in a separate, but parallel, manner. This organization dispels an overlyrigorous or formal view of probability and o?ers some strong pedagogical valuein that the discrete discussions can sometimes serve to motivate the more abstractcontinuous probability discussions. For use in a discrete probability course, studentsshould have taken one term of calculus as a prerequisite. Very little computing background is assumed or necessary in order to obtain fullbenefits from the use of the comp
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Geometrische Optica
Joseph Braat; Aurèle Adam · TU Delft Open · 2025
The book provides the scientific basis of geometrical optics, ray tracing, and aberration theory. It applies this knowledge to optical systems and their imaging performance and establishes the link between ray optics and wave optics.
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Más allá de la digitalización: La necesidad de la transformación digital estratégica
Marcos Antonio Espinoza-Mina; Alejandra Mercedes Colina-Vargas · Editorial Grupo AEA · 2025
En la era actual de disrupción digital, impulsada por avances en IA, Big Data y cambios en las expectativas del cliente, la Transformación Digital Estratégica (TDE) es un imperativo que va más allá de la simple digitalización. Este texto ofrece una guía estratégica integral, basada en investigación académica y análisis de la industria, para navegar esta compleja transición. Se presenta la TDE como un fenómeno holístico y multifacético que requiere la integración coherente de estrategia, cultura organizacional y liderazgo transformador. Es crucial desarrollar agilidad y capacidades dinámicas para la adaptación e innovación continuas. Los pilares clave incluyen el alineamiento estratégico, la creación de valor digital centrado en el cliente, modelos de negocio adaptables, gestión de datos como activo, culturas ágiles y liderazgo digital. Se examina el rol de tecnologías habilitadoras como Cloud (agilidad), IA (eficiencia/personalización) y Analítica Avanzada (decisiones), enfocadas en generar valor empresarial, junto a IoT y Blockchain. El texto también aborda desafíos inherentes como resistencia cultural, ciberseguridad, privacidad y ética de la IA, extrayendo perspectivas de ejemplos y mejores prácticas. Dirigido a estudiantes y profesionales, proporciona un marco integrado, accionable y basado en evidencia para liderar una TDE exitosa y sostenible.
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Alternativas de alimentación para rumiantes
Jessica Cargua-Chávez; Adriana Carrillo-Cruz; Galo Cedeño-García · Editorial Grupo AEA · 2024
Se examina estrategias para optimizar la alimentación de rumiantes mediante el cultivo y manejo de diferentes forrajes en Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador. En el primer capítulo, se destaca cómo el encalado y la fertilización mejoran el rendimiento del maíz, enfatizando en dosis óptimas de nutrientes. El segundo capítulo aborda la fertilización orgánica del pasto Mombasa bajo sombra de naranja, resaltando la superioridad de la pollinaza en el incremento de rendimiento y calidad del forraje. Los capítulos siguientes se centran en la edad óptima de corte para maximizar la biomasa del pasto Cuba OM-22, el manejo del King Grass como alternativa forrajera para el sector ganadero, y el desarrollo del forraje verde hidropónico de sorgo y maíz a dos densidades de siembra, demostrando que técnicas específicas de manejo y cultivo pueden significativamente influir en la productividad y sostenibilidad de la alimentación rumiante. A través de estos estudios, el libro propone soluciones prácticas y sustentables para mejorar la nutrición de rumiantes en entornos tropicales.
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Genetics, Agriculture, and Biotechnology
Walter Suza and Donald Lee · University of Iowa
In the contents: 1.12: Genetic Engineering
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General Physics I: Classical Mechanics
David and G. Simpson and Larry L. Simpson · Prince George's Community College
In the contents: 66.10: British Engineering Units
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ENVS C100: Environmental Science
Tanya Hoerer · Coastline College
In the contents: 2.5.12.08: Genetic Engineering · 5.3.03: Selective Breeding and Genetic Engineering
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Coastal Dynamics
Judith Bosboom & Marcel J.F. Stive · Delft University of Technology
In the contents: 1.2.01: What is coastal engineering · 1.04: Examples of engineering applications · 7.2.3: Engineering applications