Digital library
Textbooks, references and open learning resources.

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Programming Fundamentals - A Modular Structured Approach, 2ed.
Kenneth Leroy Busbee and Dave Braunschweig · LibreTexts
The goal for this text is to make it programming-language neutral, so that it may serve as an introductory programming textbook for students using any of a variety of programming languages, including C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Python, and Swift. Programming concepts are introduced generically, with logic demonstrated in pseudocode and flowchart form, followed by examples for different programming languages. Emphasis is placed on a modular, structured approaches.

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The Missing Link - An Introduction to Web Development
Michael Mendez · SUNY Fredonia
In the contents: 2.01: Markup Languages

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Foundations of Computation
Carol Critchlow & David J. Eck · Hobart and William Smith Colleges
In the contents: 3.01: Languages · 3.07: Non-regular Languages · 4.05: Non-context-free Languages

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Introduction to Computer Graphics
David J. Eck · Hobart and William Smith Colleges
In the contents: 09: Programming Languages

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INT 2080: The Missing Link - An Introduction to Web Development (Mendez)
Kunle Elebute · Prince George's Community College
In the contents: 2.01: Markup Languages

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Introduction to Computer Science
OpenStax · LibreTexts
In the contents: 04: Linguistic Realization of Algorithms- Low-Level Programming Languages · 07: High-Level Programming Languages

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An Introduction to Ontology Engineering
Maria Keet · University of Cape Town
In the contents: 10: Ontologies and Natural Languages

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Introduction to Information Systems
David T. Bourgeois · Biola University
In the contents: 10.05: Programming Languages

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Think Python - How to Think Like a Computer Scientist (Downey)
Allen B. Downey · Olin College
In the contents: 11.04: Formal and Natural Languages

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Think Python 2ed.
Allen B. Downey · Olin College
In the contents: 1.06: Formal and natural languages

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Think OS - A Brief Introduction to Operating Systems
Allen B. Downey · Olin College
In the contents: 1.01: Compiled and interpreted languages

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Think Java - How to Think Like a Computer Scientist
Allen B. Downey · lin College
In the contents: 9.03: Programming Languages