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Public Health 101

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Public Health 101

This introductory course to public health covers the mission of public health, its core functions, and how public health professionals work together to improve health.

Medicine
Author
Erin Calderone
Publisher
Glendale Community College
Source
LibreTexts
License
CC BY
Language
EN
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 293 sections
  1. 01: What is Public Health
  2. 1.01: Introduction- Public Health in Daily Life
  3. 1.02: What Does It Mean to Be Healthy
  4. 1.03: What is the Difference Between Personal and Public Health
  5. 1.04: Population and Community Health
  6. 1.05: Defining Public Health
  7. 1.06: Determinants of Health
  8. 1.07: Models of Public Health
  9. 1.7.01: Case Study- Applying Models to a Pandemic Response
  10. 1.08: Summary
  11. 1.09: References
  12. 02: The Core Functions of Public Health
  13. 2.01: Introduction
  14. 2.02: Prevention is the Best Medicine
  15. 2.2.01: Three Types of Prevention
  16. 2.03: The Core Roles of Public Health
  17. 2.04: What Does Evidence-Based Practice Mean
  18. 2.05: Evidence Will Evolve
  19. 2.06: Summary
  20. 2.07: References
  21. 03: History and Accomplishments of Public Health
  22. 3.01: Introduction
  23. 3.02: Early Community Health Measures
  24. 3.03: Medieval Public Health
  25. 3.3.01: The Black Death
  26. 3.04: The Scientific Renaissance and Colonization
  27. 3.05: Industrial Revolution
  28. 3.5.01: Germ Theory
  29. 3.06: The Modern Era of Public Health
  30. 3.07: The 20th Century and Beyond
  31. 3.7.01: The Spanish Flu
  32. 3.7.02: Antibiotics
  33. 3.7.03: Vaccines
  34. 3.7.04: Labor Movements and Working Conditions in the United States
  35. 3.7.05: Tuskegee Syphilis Study
  36. 3.7.06: The Indian Health Services (IHS)
  37. 3.7.07: British Doctors Study Smoking
  38. 3.7.08: Nutrition and Food Safety in The United States
  39. 3.7.09: Margaret Sanger Title X Abortion and Birth Control
  40. 3.7.10: Health Administration in America
  41. 3.7.11: Medicare
  42. 3.7.12: Medicaid
  43. 3.7.13: The Affordable Care Act
  44. 3.7.14: HIV AIDS Epidemic
  45. 3.08: The Healthy People Initiative- 1990-2030
  46. 3.09: Summary
  47. 3.10: References
  48. 04: Public Health Organizations
  49. 4.01: Introduction
  50. 4.02: U.S. Public Health Agencies
  51. 4.2.01: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  52. 4.2.02: The FDA and USDA
  53. 4.2.03: The Environmental Protection Agency
  54. 4.03: Quasi-Governmental Organizations
  55. 4.04: State and County Health Agencies
  56. 4.05: Non-Profit Organizations
  57. 4.06: The World Health Organization
  58. 4.07: References
  59. 05: Sources of Information in Public Health
  60. 5.01: Introduction
  61. 5.02: Public Health and the Fight Against Misinformation
  62. 5.2.01: Internet Social Media and the Age of Algorithms
  63. 5.03: Public Health Messaging
  64. 5.04: Is Science Even Trustworthy
  65. 5.05: Types of Research Studies - Ecological and Case-Control Studies
  66. 5.06: Types of Research Studies - Retrospective or Case-Control Studies
  67. 5.6.01: In Real Life- A Case-Controlled Study
  68. 5.07: Types of Research Studies - Prospective or Longitudinal Studies
  69. 5.7.01: In Real Life- A Cohort Study
  70. 5.08: Types of Research Studies - Experimental Studies
  71. 5.8.01: Approving Drugs Vaccines and Devices
  72. 5.09: Where Can We Find Current Public Health Statistics
  73. 5.10: Summary
  74. 5.11: References
  75. 06: Epidemiology
  76. 6.01: Introduction
  77. 6.02: Epidemiologic Triangle
  78. 6.2.01: Case Study- COVID-19
  79. 6.2.02: Other Applications
  80. 6.2.03: Case Study- The Haddon Matrix and Motor Vehicle Accidents
  81. 6.03: Vital Statistics
  82. 6.04: Life Expectancy and Leading Causes of Death
  83. 6.4.01: The top 10 leading causes of death for Americans in 2023
  84. 6.05: Incidence vs. Prevalence
  85. 6.06: Surveillance
  86. 6.07: Notifiable Diseases
  87. 6.7.01: 2023 National Notifiable Conditions (Historical)
  88. 6.7.02: Cases
  89. 6.08: Rates
  90. 6.09: Hypothetical Case Study- Foodborne Illness Outbreak
  91. 6.10: Outbreaks and Epidemics
  92. 6.10.01: What Makes a Pandemic
  93. 6.10.02: Endemic Diseases
  94. 6.11: Summary and Interview With an Epidemiologist
  95. 6.12: References
  96. 07: Major Diseases
  97. 7.01: Introduction
  98. 7.02: Communicable Diseases
  99. 7.2.01: The Chain of Infection
  100. 7.2.02: Routes of Transmission
  101. 7.2.03: Zoonoses
  102. 7.2.04: Susceptible Hosts and Population Immunity
  103. 7.03: Types of Pathogens
  104. 7.04: How do we Eradicate Infectious Diseases
  105. 7.4.01: Smallpox and Polio
  106. 7.4.02: Measles Mumps and Rubella
  107. 7.05: Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases
  108. 7.5.01: HIV AIDS
  109. 7.5.02: Other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
  110. 7.5.03: Viral Hepatitis
  111. 7.5.04: Influenza Viruses
  112. 7.5.05: Coronaviruses- MERS SARS and COVID-19
  113. 7.5.06: Monkeypox (Mpox)
  114. 7.06: Antimicrobial Resistance
  115. 7.6.01: Clostridium difficile (C. diff)
  116. 7.6.02: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
  117. 7.6.03: Drug-resistant Tuberculosis
  118. 7.07: Mosquito-borne Diseases- Malaria and Zika Virus
  119. 7.08: Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases
  120. 7.09: Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD)
  121. 7.9.01: Current Rates in the U.S. Edit section
  122. 7.9.02: Risk Factors Protective Factors
  123. 7.9.03: Public Health Response
  124. 7.10: Diabetes
  125. 7.10.01: Current Rates in the U.S.
  126. 7.10.02: Risk Factors Protective Factors
  127. 7.10.03: Public Health Response
  128. 7.11: Cancers
  129. 7.11.01: Current Rates in the U.S.
  130. 7.11.02: Risk Factors Protective Factors
  131. 7.11.03: Public Health Response
  132. 7.12: Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases
  133. 7.12.01: Current Rates in the U.S.
  134. 7.12.02: Risk Factors Protective Factors
  135. 7.12.03: Public Health Response
  136. 7.13: Summary
  137. 7.14: References
  138. 08: The Social Determinants of Health
  139. 8.01: Introduction
  140. 8.02: Health Disparities and Inequities
  141. 8.2.01: Race and Ethnicity - Definitions
  142. 8.2.02: Racial and Ethnic Health Inequities
  143. 8.2.03: Systemic Racism
  144. 8.03: Social Determinants of Health (SDOH)
  145. 8.04: Economic Stability
  146. 8.4.01: Employment
  147. 8.4.02: Housing Instability
  148. 8.4.03: Housing Quality
  149. 8.4.04: Food Insecurity
  150. 8.4.05: Hungry College Students
  151. 8.05: Educational Access and Quality
  152. 8.5.01: Early Childhood Development and Education
  153. 8.5.02: High School Graduation and Enrollment in Higher Education
  154. 8.5.03: Language Literacy and Health Literacy
  155. 8.06: Healthcare Access and Quality
  156. 8.07: Neighborhood and Built Environment
  157. 8.7.01: Nutritional Access
  158. 8.7.02: Crime and Violence
  159. 8.7.03: Environmental Conditions
  160. 8.7.04: Water Quality
  161. 8.7.05: Air Quality
  162. 8.7.06: Waste Management and Other Environmental Hazards
  163. 8.08: Social and Community Context
  164. 8.8.01: Civic Participation
  165. 8.8.02: Discrimination
  166. 8.8.03: Incarceration
  167. 8.8.04: Social Cohesion
  168. 8.09: Social Cohesion
  169. 8.10: References
  170. 09: Maternal Infant and Child Health Concerns
  171. 9.01: Introduction
  172. 9.02: Maternal and Infant Health
  173. 9.2.01: Maternal Mortality
  174. 9.2.02: Infant Health and Mortality
  175. 9.03: Genes
  176. 9.3.01: Genetic Disorders and the Ethics of Prenatal Testing
  177. 9.04: Reproductive Healthcare and Family Planning
  178. 9.4.01: Teen Pregnancy
  179. 9.4.02: Termination of a Pregnancy
  180. 9.05: Examples of Effective Programs for Maternal and Infant Health
  181. 9.06: Childhood Health
  182. 9.6.01: Leading Causes of Morbidity and Mortality
  183. 9.6.02: Health Concerns for Children
  184. 9.07: The Whole School Whole Community Whole Child Model
  185. 9.08: Physical Education and Physical Activity
  186. 9.09: Nutrition Environment and Services
  187. 9.10: Health Education
  188. 9.11: Social and Emotional Climate
  189. 9.12: Physical Environment
  190. 9.13: Health Services
  191. 9.14: Counseling Psychological and Social Services
  192. 9.15: Employee Wellness
  193. 9.16: Community Involvement
  194. 9.17: Family Engagement
  195. 9.18: Example of WSCC Partnerships- Bradley University
  196. 9.19: Summary
  197. 9.20: References
  198. 10: Adolescent Adult and Elder Health Concerns
  199. 10.01: Introduction
  200. 10.02: Unintentional Injuries
  201. 10.03: Violence
  202. 10.3.01: Gun Violence
  203. 10.04: Mental Health
  204. 10.05: Drug Abuse Addiction and Co-Occurring Disorders
  205. 10.06: Tobacco Use
  206. 10.07: Obesity
  207. 10.08: Nutrition
  208. 10.09: Physical Activity and Fitness
  209. 10.10: Elder Health
  210. 10.10.01: Falls and Fractures
  211. 10.10.02: Dementia and Alzheimers Disease
  212. 10.11: Summary
  213. 10.12: References
  214. 11: Environmental Health
  215. 11.01: Introduction
  216. 11.02: Climate Change
  217. 11.03: The Health Effects of Climate Change
  218. 11.04: Climate Change Policy
  219. 11.4.01: The Paris Agreement
  220. 11.4.02: Climate Change Policy in California
  221. 11.05: Clean Air
  222. 11.06: Clean Water
  223. 11.6.01: Flint Water Crisis
  224. 11.6.02: Case Study- The Jackson Water Crisis
  225. 11.07: Food and Drug Safety
  226. 11.08: Waste Management
  227. 11.8.01: Types of Trash
  228. 11.8.02: Recycling and Composting
  229. 11.8.03: Sanitary Landfills and Combustion
  230. 11.8.04: Hazardous Waste RCRA and CERCLA
  231. 11.09: Summary
  232. 11.10: References
  233. 12: Occupational Health
  234. 12.01: Introduction
  235. 12.02: Occupational Health Policy
  236. 12.2.01: Who is Most Vulnerable
  237. 12.2.02: Child Labor Laws
  238. 12.03: Workplace Injuries and Illnesses
  239. 12.3.01: Workplace Violence
  240. 12.3.02: Statistics are People
  241. 12.3.03: Globalization
  242. 12.04: Employee Wellness Programs
  243. 12.05: Summary
  244. 12.06: References
  245. 13: Community Organizing and Health Promotion Programming
  246. 13.01: Introduction
  247. 13.02: Behavioral Change Theories and Models
  248. 13.03: Theory of Planned Behavior
  249. 13.04: Health Belief Model
  250. 13.05: Social Cognitive Theory
  251. 13.06: Self-Determination Theory
  252. 13.07: Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change)
  253. 13.08: The Social-Ecological Model
  254. 13.09: Community Intervention Models
  255. 13.10: Health Promotion Program Planning
  256. 13.10.01: Generalized Model
  257. 13.10.02: Needs Assessment
  258. 13.10.03: Goals Objectives and Activities
  259. 13.10.04: Implementation
  260. 13.10.05: Evaluation
  261. 13.11: Mobilizing Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP)
  262. 13.12: PRECEDE-PROCEED Model
  263. 13.13: Case Studies
  264. 13.14: Case Study 1- 3Wins Fitness
  265. 13.15: Case Study 2- Our Choice Nuestra Opcion- The Imperial County California Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration Study (CA-CORD)
  266. 13.16: Summary
  267. 13.17: References
  268. 14: Healthcare Administration and Policy
  269. 14.01: Introduction
  270. 14.02: The U.S. Healthcare Model
  271. 14.03: Privately Funded Healthcare
  272. 14.3.01: Indemnity Plan
  273. 14.3.02: Managed Care Organizations
  274. 14.3.03: Premiums
  275. 14.3.04: Deductables
  276. 14.3.05: Copayments
  277. 14.3.06: Coinsurance
  278. 14.3.07: Out-of-Pocket Maximum
  279. 14.3.08: High Deductible Plans and Health Savings Accounts
  280. 14.04: Publicly Funded Healthcare
  281. 14.05: Medicare
  282. 14.5.01: Part A
  283. 14.5.02: Part B
  284. 14.5.03: Part C
  285. 14.5.04: Part D
  286. 14.06: Medicaid
  287. 14.07: Other Sources of Public Healthcare
  288. 14.7.01: Community Health Centers
  289. 14.08: Health Policy and the Future of Healthcare
  290. 14.8.01: The Affordable Care Act
  291. 14.8.02: Cost Control
  292. 14.09: Summary
  293. 14.10: References