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Heat and Thermodynamics

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Heat and Thermodynamics

This textbook presents a rigorous introduction to classical thermodynamics, covering temperature, heat, gases, and thermodynamic processes. It develops the laws of thermodynamics, entropy, enthalpy, and free energies, applying them to phase changes, heat engines, chemical equilibrium, and real experiments, while linking theory to experimental measurement and applications.

Thermodynamics and Statistical MechanicsPhysics
Author
Jeremy Tatum
Publisher
University of Victoria
Source
LibreTexts
License
CC BY-NC
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 123 sections
  1. 01: Introductory Remarks
  2. 1.01: Introduction
  3. 1.02: Caloric Calories Heat and Energy
  4. 1.03: Extensive and Intensive Quantities
  5. 1.04: Mole
  6. 1.05: Prepositions
  7. 1.06: Applicability of Equations
  8. 02: Partial Derivatives
  9. 2.01: Introduction
  10. 2.02: Partial Derivatives
  11. 2.03: Implicit Differentiation
  12. 2.04: Product of Three Partial Derivatives
  13. 2.05: Second Derivatives and Exact Differentials
  14. 2.06: Euler's Theorem for Homogeneous Functions
  15. 2.07: Undetermined Multipliers
  16. 2.08: Dee and Delta
  17. 03: Temperature
  18. 3.01: Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
  19. 3.02: Temperature Scales I
  20. 3.03: Temperature Scales II
  21. 04: Thermal Conduction
  22. 4.01: Error Function
  23. 4.02: Introduction
  24. 4.03: Thermal Conductivity
  25. 4.04: The Heat Conduction Equation
  26. 4.05: A Solution of the Heat Conduction Equation
  27. 05: Thermodynamic Processes
  28. 06: Properties of Gases
  29. 6.01: The Ideal Gas Equation
  30. 6.02: Real Gases
  31. 6.03: Van der Waals and Other Gases
  32. 6.04: Gas Vapour Liquid and Solid
  33. 6.05: Kinetic Theory of Gases- Pressure
  34. 6.06: Collisions
  35. 6.07: Distribution of Speeds
  36. 6.08: Forces Between Molecules
  37. 07: The First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics
  38. 7.01: The First Law of Thermodynamics and Internal Energy
  39. 7.02: Work
  40. 7.03: Entropy
  41. 7.04: The Second Law of Thermodynamics
  42. 08: Heat Capacity and the Expansion of Gases
  43. 8.01: Heat Capacity
  44. 8.02: Ratio of the Heat Capacities of a Gas
  45. 8.03: Isothermal Expansion of an Ideal Gas
  46. 8.04: Reversible Adiabatic Expansion of an Ideal Gas
  47. 8.05: The Clement-Desormes Experiment
  48. 8.06: The Slopes of Isotherms and Adiabats
  49. 8.07: Scale Height in an Isothermal Atmosphere
  50. 8.08: Adiabatic Lapse Rate
  51. 8.09: Numerical Values of Specific and Molar Heat Capacities
  52. 8.10: Heat Capacities of Solids
  53. 09: Enthalpy
  54. 9.01: Enthalpy
  55. 9.02: Change of State
  56. 9.03: Latent Heat and Enthalpy
  57. 10: The Joule and Joule-Thomson Experiments
  58. 10.01: Introduction
  59. 10.02: The Joule Experiment
  60. 10.03: The Joule-Thomson Experiment
  61. 10.04: CP Minus CV
  62. 10.05: Blackbody Radiation
  63. 11: Heat Engines
  64. 11.01: Introduction
  65. 11.02: The Carnot Cycle
  66. 11.03: The Stirling Cycle
  67. 11.04: The Otto Cycle
  68. 11.05: The Diesel Cycle
  69. 11.06: The Rankine Cycle (Steam Engine)
  70. 11.07: A Useful Exercise
  71. 11.08: Heat Engines and Refrigerators
  72. 11.09: Entropy is a Function of State
  73. 12: Free Energy
  74. 12.01: Review of Internal Energy and Enthalpy
  75. 12.02: Free Energy
  76. 12.03: Helmholtz Free Energy
  77. 12.04: Gibbs Free Energy
  78. 12.05: Summary the Maxwell Relations and the Gibbs-Helmholtz Relations
  79. 12.06: The Joule and Joule-Thomson Coefficients
  80. 12.07: The Thermodynamic Functions for an Ideal Gas
  81. 12.08: The Thermodynamic Functions for Other Substances
  82. 12.09: Absolute Entropy
  83. 12.10: Charging a Battery
  84. 12.11: Surface Energy
  85. 12.12: Fugacity
  86. 13: Expansion Compression and the TdS Equations
  87. 13.01: Coefficient of Expansion
  88. 13.02: Compression
  89. 13.03: Pressure and Temperature
  90. 13.04: The TdS Equations
  91. 13.05: Expansion Compression and the TdS Equations
  92. 13.06: Young's Modulus
  93. 13.07: Rigidity Modulus (Shear Modulus)
  94. 13.08: Volume Temperature and the Gruneisen Parameter
  95. 14: The Clausius-Clapeyron Equation
  96. 15: Adiabatic Demagnetization
  97. 15.01: Introduction
  98. 15.02: Adiabatic Decompression
  99. 15.03: Adiabatic Demagnetization
  100. 15.04: Entropy and Temperature
  101. 16: Nernst's Heat Theorem and the Third Law of Thermodynamics
  102. 16.01: Nernst's Heat Theorem
  103. 16.02: The Third Law of Thermodynamics
  104. 17: Chemical Thermodynamics
  105. 17.01: Equilibrium Constant
  106. 17.02: Heat of Reaction
  107. 17.03: The Gibbs Phase Rule
  108. 17.04: Chemical Potential
  109. 17.05: Partial and Mean Molar Quantities
  110. 17.06: The Gibbs-Duhem Relation
  111. 17.07: Chemical Potential Pressure Fugacity
  112. 17.08: Entropy of Mixing and Gibbs' Paradox
  113. 17.09: Binary Alloys
  114. 17.10: Ternary Alloys
  115. 18: Experimental Measurements
  116. 18.01: Introduction
  117. 18.02: Thermal Conductivity
  118. 18.03: The Universal Gas Constant
  119. 18.04: Avogadro's Number and Boltzmann's Constant
  120. 18.05: Specific Heat Capacities of Solids and Liquids
  121. 18.06: Specific Heat Capacities of Gases
  122. 18.07: Latent Heat of Fusion
  123. 18.08: Coefficient of Expansion