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Physical Geology

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Physical Geology

Physical Geology is a comprehensive introductory text on the physical aspects of geology, including rocks and minerals, plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanoes, glaciation, groundwater, streams, coasts, mass wasting, climate change, planetary geology and much more. It has a strong emphasis on examples from western Canada, especially British Columbia, and also includes a chapter devoted to the geological history of western Canada.

GeologyGeosciences
Author
Steven Earle
Publisher
Vancover Island University
Source
LibreTexts
License
CC BY
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 150 sections
  1. 01: Introduction to Geology
  2. 1.01: What is Geology
  3. 1.02: Why Study Earth
  4. 1.03: What Do Geologists Do
  5. 1.04: Minerals and Rocks
  6. 1.05: Fundamentals of Plate Tectonics
  7. 1.06: Geological Time
  8. 1.07: Summary
  9. 02: Minerals
  10. 2.01: Electrons Protons Neutrons and Atoms
  11. 2.02: Bonding and Lattices
  12. 2.03: Mineral Groups
  13. 2.04: Silicate Minerals
  14. 2.05: Formation of Minerals
  15. 2.06: Mineral Properties
  16. 2.07: Summary
  17. 03: Intrusive Igneous Rocks
  18. 3.01: The Rock Cycle
  19. 3.02: Magma and Magma Formation
  20. 3.03: Crystallization of Magma
  21. 3.04: Classification of Igneous Rock
  22. 3.05: Intrusive Igneous Bodies
  23. 3.06: Summary
  24. 04: Volcanism
  25. 4.01: Plate Tectonics and Volcanism
  26. 4.02: Magma Composition and Eruption Style
  27. 4.03: Types of Volcanoes
  28. 4.04: Volcanic Hazards
  29. 4.05: Monitoring Volcanoes and Predicting Eruptions
  30. 4.06: Volcanoes in British Columbia
  31. 4.07: Summary
  32. 05: Weathering and Soil
  33. 5.01: Mechanical Weathering
  34. 5.02: Chemical Weathering
  35. 5.03: The Products of Weathering and Erosion
  36. 5.04: Weathering and the Formation of Soil
  37. 5.05: The Soils of Canada
  38. 5.06: Weathering and Climate Change
  39. 5.07: Summary
  40. 06: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks
  41. 6.01: Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
  42. 6.02: Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
  43. 6.03: Depositional Environments and Sedimentary Basins
  44. 6.04: Sedimentary Structures and Fossils
  45. 6.05: Groups Formations and Members
  46. 6.06: Summary
  47. 07: Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks
  48. 7.01: Controls Over Metamorphic Processes
  49. 7.02: Classification of Metamorphic Rocks
  50. 7.03: Plate Tectonics and Metamorphism
  51. 7.04: Regional Metamorphism
  52. 7.05: Contact Metamorphism and Hydrothermal Processes
  53. 7.06: Summary
  54. 7.07: Review of Minerals and Rocks
  55. 08: Measuring Geological Time
  56. 8.01: The Geological Time Scale
  57. 8.02: Relative Dating Methods
  58. 8.03: Dating Rocks Using Fossils
  59. 8.04: Isotopic Dating Methods
  60. 8.05: Other Dating Methods
  61. 8.06: Understanding Geological Time
  62. 8.07: Summary
  63. 09: Earths Interior
  64. 9.01: Understanding Earth Through Seismology
  65. 9.02: The Temperature of Earths Interior
  66. 9.03: Earths Magnetic Field
  67. 9.04: Isostasy
  68. 9.05: Summary
  69. 10: Plate Tectonics
  70. 10.01: Alfred Wegener- The Father of Plate Tectonics
  71. 10.02: Global Geological Models of the Early 20th Century
  72. 10.03: Geological Renaissance of the Mid-20th Century
  73. 10.04: Plate Plate Motions and Plate Boundary Processes
  74. 10.05: Mechanisms for Plate Motion
  75. 10.06: Summary
  76. 11: Earthquakes
  77. 11.01: What is an Earthquake
  78. 11.02: Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics
  79. 11.03: Measuring Earthquakes
  80. 11.04: The Impacts of Earthquakes
  81. 11.05: Forecasting Earthquakes and Minimizing Damage and Casualties
  82. 11.06: Summary
  83. 12: Geological Structures
  84. 12.01: Stress and Strain
  85. 12.02: Folding
  86. 12.03: Fracturing and Faulting
  87. 12.04: Measuring Geological Structures
  88. 12.05: Summary
  89. 13: Streams and Floods
  90. 13.01: The Hydrological Cycle
  91. 13.02: Drainage Basins
  92. 13.03: Stream Erosion and Deposition
  93. 13.04: Stream Types
  94. 13.05: Flooding
  95. 13.06: Summary
  96. 14: Groundwater
  97. 14.01: Groundwater and Aquifers
  98. 14.02: Groundwater Flow
  99. 14.03: Groundwater Extraction
  100. 14.04: Groundwater Quality
  101. 14.05: Summary
  102. 15: Mass Wasting
  103. 15.01: Factors That Control Slope Stability
  104. 15.02: Classification of Mass Wasting
  105. 15.03: Preventing Delaying Monitoring and Mitigating Mass Wasting
  106. 15.04: Summary
  107. 16: Glaciation
  108. 16.01: Glacial Periods in Earths History
  109. 16.02: How Glaciers Work
  110. 16.03: Glacial Erosion
  111. 16.04: Glacial Deposition
  112. 16.05: Summary
  113. 17: Shorelines
  114. 17.01: Waves
  115. 17.02: Landforms and Coastal Erosion
  116. 17.03: Landforms and Coastal Deposition
  117. 17.04: Sea-Level Change
  118. 17.05: Human Interference with Shorelines
  119. 17.06: Summary
  120. 18: Geology of the Oceans
  121. 18.01: The Topography of the Sea Floor
  122. 18.02: The Geology of the Oceanic Crust
  123. 18.03: Sea-Floor Sediments
  124. 18.04: Ocean Water
  125. 18.05: Summary
  126. 19: Climate Change
  127. 19.01: What Makes the Climate Change
  128. 19.02: Anthropogenic Climate Change
  129. 19.03: Implications of Climate Change
  130. 19.04: Summary
  131. 20: Geological Resources
  132. 20.01: Metal Deposits
  133. 20.02: Industrial Materials
  134. 20.03: Fossil Fuels
  135. 20.04: Diamonds
  136. 20.05: Summary
  137. 21: Geological History of Western Canada
  138. 21.01: Geological History of Canada
  139. 21.02: Western Canada during the Precambrian
  140. 21.03: Western Canada during the Paleozoic
  141. 21.04: Western Canada during the Mesozoic
  142. 21.05: Western Canada During the Cenozoic
  143. 21.06: Summary
  144. 22: The Origin of Earth and the Solar System
  145. 22.01: Starting with a Big Bang
  146. 22.02: Forming Planets from the Remnants of Exploding Stars
  147. 22.03: How to Build a Solar System
  148. 22.04: Earths First 2 Billion Years
  149. 22.05: Are There Other Earths
  150. 22.06: Summary