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Introduction to Historical Geology

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Introduction to Historical Geology

Historical geology is a discipline that uses the principles and methods of geology to reconstruct the geological history of Earth. Historical geology examines the vastness of geologic time, measured in billions of years, and investigates changes in the Earth, gradual and sudden, over this deep time. It focuses on geological processes, such as plate tectonics, that have changed the Earth's surface and subsurface over time and the use of methods to tell the sequence of these events.

GeologyGeosciences
Author
Chris Johnson, Callan Bentley, Karla Panchuk, et al.
Publisher
Maricopa Open Digital Press
Source
LibreTexts
License
CC BY-NC-SA
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 67 sections
  1. 01: What is Historical Geology
  2. 1.01: Stories from Stone
  3. 1.02: Sequences of Strata
  4. 1.03: Fossil Vocabulary
  5. 1.04: Magma Metamorphism and Mountains
  6. 1.05: Earths Story is Your Story
  7. 02: Planet Earth - An Introduction
  8. 2.01: Origin of the Universe- From Big Bang to Planet Earth
  9. 2.02: Geologic Time
  10. 2.03: Key Events in Earth History
  11. 2.04: Earth Systems
  12. 03: Minerals
  13. 3.01: Atoms
  14. 3.02: Bonding and Lattices
  15. 3.03: Mineral Groups
  16. 3.04: Silicate Minerals
  17. 3.05: Mineral Properties
  18. 3.06: Summary Key Term Check
  19. 04: The Rock Cycle
  20. 4.01: What Is A Rock
  21. 4.02: The Rock Cycle
  22. 4.03: Igneous Rocks
  23. 4.04: Sedimentary Rocks
  24. 4.05: Metamorphic Rocks
  25. 05: Plate Tectonics
  26. 5.01: Alfred Wegeners Continental Drift Hypothesis
  27. 5.02: Development of Plate Tectonic Theory
  28. 5.03: Layers of Earth
  29. 5.04: Plate Boundaries
  30. 06: Geologic Environments and Structures
  31. 6.01: Sedimentary Rocks Weathering and Erosion
  32. 6.02: Sedimentary Environments
  33. 6.03: Plastic Deformation
  34. 6.04: Deformation- Stress and Strain
  35. 6.05: Brittle Deformation
  36. 07: Geologic and Topographic Mapping
  37. 7.01: Basic Map Features
  38. 7.02: Latitude and Longitude
  39. 7.03: Contour Lines
  40. 7.04: Geologic Map Units
  41. 7.05: Mapping Geologic Structures
  42. 08: Taphonomy - The Science of Death and Decay
  43. 8.01: What Is A Fossil
  44. 8.02: Modes of Fossil Preservation
  45. 8.03: Trace Fossils- Studies in Scurrying Scraping and Slithering
  46. 09: Geologic Time and Relative Dating
  47. 9.01: Lateral Continuity Superposition and Inclusions
  48. 9.02: Original Horizontality and Cross-Cutting Relationships
  49. 9.03: Relative Dating and Unconformities
  50. 9.04: Fossils in Sedimentary Sequences
  51. 9.05: Some Final Practice
  52. 10: The PreCambrian
  53. 10.01: The Hadean Eon (4600-4000 Ma)
  54. 10.02: The Archean Eon (4000-2500 Ma)
  55. 10.03: The Proterozoic Eon (2500-541 Ma)
  56. 11: The Paleozoic Era
  57. 11.01: Paleozoic Tectonics and Paleogeography
  58. 11.02: Paleozoic Evolution
  59. 11.03: The Permian Mass Extinction
  60. 12: The Mesozoic Era
  61. 12.01: Mesozoic Tectonics and Paleogeography
  62. 12.02: Mesozoic Evolution
  63. 12.03: The K-T Extinction
  64. 13: The Cenozoic Era
  65. 13.01: Cenozoic Tectonics and Paleogeography
  66. 13.02: Cenozoic Evolution
  67. 13.03: Origins of Humans and the Anthropocene