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Behavioral Statistics

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Behavioral Statistics

This text was created to provide students with a solid foundation in statistics as used in psychological, sociological, and behavioral research. Students will develop a useable understanding of research design, the organization of data, measures of central tendency and variability, central tendency theory, descriptive and inferential statistics, parametric and nonparametric tests, and basic test assumptions.

Statistics
Author
Michelle Oja
Publisher
Taft College
Source
LibreTexts
License
Mixed
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 172 sections
  1. 01: Introduction to Behavioral Statistics
  2. 1.01: Why are you taking this course
  3. 1.02: Making Meaning of Numbers
  4. 1.03: How Do You Know
  5. 1.3.01: The Scientific Method
  6. 1.04: Types of Data
  7. 1.4.01: IV and DV
  8. 1.4.02: Types of Variables
  9. 1.4.03: Scales of Measurement
  10. 1.05: Populations and Samples
  11. 1.06: Collecting Data- More Practice with Populations and Samples
  12. 1.07: Research shows that...
  13. 1.08: Learning (Statistics)
  14. 02: What Do Data Look Like (Graphs)
  15. 2.01: Introduction to Looking at Data
  16. 2.02: Frequency Tables
  17. 2.03: APA Style Tables
  18. 2.04: Graphing Qualitative Variables- Bar Graphs
  19. 2.05: Graphing Qualitative Variables- Pie Charts
  20. 2.06: Graphing Quantitative Variables
  21. 2.07: Skew and Kurtosis
  22. 2.08: Graphing Quantitative Data- Line Graphs
  23. 2.09: Graphing Quantitative Data- Histograms
  24. 2.10: Graphing Quantitative Data- Means Plot
  25. 2.11: Graphing Quantitative Data- Boxplots
  26. 2.12: Graphing Quantitative Data- Scatterplots
  27. 2.13: Summary and Some Honesty
  28. 2.14: APA Style Charts
  29. 03: Measures of Central Tendency
  30. 3.01: Introduction to Measures of Central Tendency
  31. 3.02: Math Refresher
  32. 3.2.01: Decimals
  33. 3.03: Mode
  34. 3.04: Median
  35. 3.05: Mean
  36. 3.06: Interpreting All Three
  37. 3.07: Summary of Measures of Central Tendency
  38. 04: Measures of Variability
  39. 4.01: Introduction to Measures of Variability
  40. 4.02: Introduction to Standard Deviation Calculations
  41. 4.03: Practice SD on Wait Times
  42. 4.04: Interpreting Standard Deviations
  43. 4.05: Fractions Decimals and Percents Oh My
  44. 4.06: Putting All of the Measures Together
  45. 05: Distributions
  46. 5.01: Introduction to Distributions
  47. 5.02: Introduction to Probability
  48. 5.03: The Binomial Distribution
  49. 5.04: The Law of Large Numbers
  50. 5.05: Three Important Distributions Together
  51. 5.06: Sampling Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem
  52. 5.07: Putting it All Together
  53. 06: Using z
  54. 6.01: Introduction to z-scores
  55. 6.02: Calculating z-scores
  56. 6.03: Practice z-score Calculation on IQ Scores
  57. 6.04: Introduction to the z table
  58. 6.05: Practice Using the z Table
  59. 6.06: Predicting Amounts
  60. 6.07: Summary of z Scores
  61. 07: APA Style
  62. 7.01: APA and APA Style
  63. 7.02: APA Style Resources
  64. 7.03: General Paper Format
  65. 7.04: Formatting by Section
  66. 7.05: Tables and Figures
  67. 08: Inferential Statistics and Hypothesis Testing
  68. 8.01: Growth Mindset
  69. 8.02: Samples and Populations Refresher
  70. 8.03: Can Samples Predict Populations
  71. 8.04: Descriptive versus Inferential Statistics
  72. 8.05: The Research Hypothesis and the Null Hypothesis
  73. 8.06: Null Hypothesis Significance Testing
  74. 8.07: Critical Values
  75. 8.7.01: Rejection Region Visualization
  76. 8.08: Practice with p-values and NHST
  77. 8.09: Steps of the Hypothesis Testing Process
  78. 8.10: The Two Errors in Null Hypothesis Significance Testing
  79. 8.11: Power and Sample Size
  80. 8.12: Views of NHST
  81. 09: One Sample t-test
  82. 9.01: Introduction to One-Sample t-tests
  83. 9.02: One-Sample t-test Calculations
  84. 9.03: Reporting Results
  85. 9.04: Practice One-Sample t-tests on Mindset Scores
  86. 9.05: Confidence Intervals
  87. 10: Independent Samples t-test
  88. 10.01: Introduction to Independent Sample t-tests
  89. 10.02: Independent Samples t-test Equation
  90. 10.03: Hypotheses with Two Samples
  91. 10.04: Practice Independent t-test on Movies and Mood
  92. 10.05: Practice Independent t-test on Growth Mindset
  93. 10.06: When to NOT use the Independent Samples t-test
  94. 10.07: Non-Parametric Independent Sample t-Test
  95. 11: Dependent Samples t-test
  96. 11.01: Introduction to Dependent Samples
  97. 11.02: Dependent Sample t-test Calculations
  98. 11.03: Practice Dependent t-test on Job Satisfaction
  99. 11.04: Practice Dependent t-test on Changes in Mindset
  100. 11.05: Non-Parametric Analysis of Dependent Samples
  101. 11.06: Choosing Which Statistic- t-test Edition
  102. 12: BG ANOVA
  103. 12.01: Why ANOVA
  104. 12.1.01: Observing and Interpreting Variability
  105. 12.1.02: Ratio of Variability
  106. 12.02: Introduction to ANOVA's Sum of Squares
  107. 12.03: Summary of ANOVA Summary Table
  108. 12.04: Hypotheses in ANOVA
  109. 12.05: Practice BG ANOVA on Job Applicants
  110. 12.06: Introduction to Pairwise Comparisons
  111. 12.07: Pairwise Comparison Post Hoc Tests
  112. 12.08: Practice BG ANOVA and Pairwise Comparisons on Mindset Data
  113. 12.09: ANOVA versus t-test
  114. 12.10: Non-Parametric Analysis Between Multiple Groups
  115. 13: RM ANOVA
  116. 13.01: Introduction to Repeated Measures ANOVA
  117. 13.02: RM ANOVA Summary Table
  118. 13.03: Repeated Measures ANOVA Sum of Squares Formulas
  119. 13.04: Practice RM ANOVA Summary Table on Typing Speed
  120. 13.05: Practice RM ANOVA on Mindset Scores
  121. 13.06: Non-Parametric RM ANOVA
  122. 14: Factorial ANOVA (Two-Way)
  123. 14.01: Introduction to Factorial Designs
  124. 14.02: Factorial Notations and Square Tables
  125. 14.03: Introduction to Main Effects and Interactions
  126. 14.04: Example with Main Effects and Interactions
  127. 14.05: Graphing Main Effects and Interactions
  128. 14.06: Interpreting Main Effects and Interactions in Graphs
  129. 14.07: Do Main Effects Matter
  130. 14.08: Beyond 2x2 in Graphs
  131. 14.09: Two-Way ANOVA Summary Table
  132. 14.9.01: Calculating Sum of Squares for the Factorial ANOVA Summary Table
  133. 14.10: When Should You Conduct Post-Hoc Pairwise Comparisons
  134. 14.11: Practice Factorial on Attention
  135. 14.12: Practice Factorial on Mindset Scores
  136. 14.13: Choosing the Correct Analysis- Mean Comparison Edition
  137. 15: Correlations
  138. 15.01: Refresh to Prepare
  139. 15.02: What do Two Quantitative Variables Look Like
  140. 15.03: Introduction to Pearsons r
  141. 15.04: Correlation versus Causation
  142. 15.4.01: Correlation versus Causation in Graphs
  143. 15.05: Strength Direction and Linearity
  144. 15.06: Hypotheses
  145. 15.07: Correlation Formula- Covariance Divided by Variability
  146. 15.08: Practice Correlation on Anxiety and Depression
  147. 15.09: Practice Correlation on Nutrition
  148. 15.10: Alternatives to Pearson's Correlation
  149. 15.11: Final Considerations
  150. 16: Regression
  151. 16.01: Introduction- Line of Best Fit
  152. 16.02: Regression Line Equation
  153. 16.03: Using Linear Equations
  154. 16.04: Hypothesis Testing- Slope to ANOVAs
  155. 16.05: Practice Regression on Health and Happiness
  156. 16.06: Practice Regression on Nutrition
  157. 16.07: Multiple Regression
  158. 17: Chi-Square
  159. 17.01: Introduction to Chi-Square
  160. 17.02: Assumptions of the Test(s)
  161. 17.03: Introduction to Goodness-of-Fit
  162. 17.04: Interpretation of the Goodness-of-Fit Test
  163. 17.05: Goodness of Fit Formula
  164. 17.06: Practice Goodness of Fit on Pineapple on Pizza
  165. 17.07: Introduction to Test of Independence
  166. 17.08: Practice Test of Independence on College Sports
  167. 17.09: Practice Chi-Square on Fast Food Meals
  168. 17.10: Phi Correlation is Not a Correlation
  169. 17.11: Choosing the Correct Test- Chi-Square Edition
  170. 18: Wrap Up
  171. 18.01: Choosing the Test
  172. 18.02: Why did you take this class