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Introduction to Chemistry (CHM 200)
- Publisher
- LibreTexts
- Source
- LibreTexts
- Language
- EN
- Category
- Basic Sciences
Contents· 114 sections
- 01: Introduction to Chemistry and Measurement
- 1.01: The Scope of Chemistry
- 1.02: What is Matter
- 1.2.01: Classifying Matter According to Its StateSolid Liquid and Gas
- 1.2.02: Classification of Matter
- 1.2.03: Differences in Matter- Physical and Chemical Properties
- 1.2.04: Changes in Matter - Physical and Chemical Changes
- 1.03: Physical Quantities- Units and Scientific Notation
- 1.04: Significant Figures - Writing Numbers to Reflect Precision
- 1.05: Significant Figures in Calculations
- 1.06: Problem Solving - Unit Conversions and Estimating Answers
- 1.07: Temperature and Density
- 02: Atoms and Elements
- 2.01: The Elements
- 2.02: The Periodic Table
- 2.03: Atomic Theory and the Structure of Atoms
- 2.04: Elements and Atomic Number
- 2.05: Isotopes and Atomic Weight
- 2.06: The Quantum-Mechanical Model- Atoms with Orbitals
- 2.07: Electron Configurations
- 2.08: Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
- 2.09: Valence Electrons
- 2.10: Periodic Trends - Atomic Size and Ionization Energy
- 03: Ionic Compounds
- 3.01: A Molecular View of Elements and Compounds
- 3.02: Ionic Bonds
- 3.03: Ions
- 3.04: Ions of Some Common Elements
- 3.05: Polyatomic Ions
- 3.06: Formulas of Ionic Compounds
- 3.6.01: Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds
- 3.07: Naming Ionic Compounds
- 3.08: Some Properties of Ionic Compounds
- 04: Covalent Compounds
- 4.01: Covalent Bonds
- 4.02: Naming Molecular Compounds
- 4.03: Representing Valence Electrons with Dots
- 4.04: Covalent Lewis Structures- Electrons Shared
- 4.05: Writing Lewis Structures for Covalent Compounds
- 4.06: Resonance - Equivalent Lewis Structures for the Same Molecule
- 4.07: Predicting the Shapes of Molecules
- 4.08: Electronegativity and Polarity - Why Oil and Water Do not Mix
- 05: Chemical Reactions
- 5.01: Prelude to Introduction to Chemical Reactions
- 5.02: The Mole
- 5.03: Atomic and Molar Masses
- 5.3.01: Gram-Mole Conversions
- 5.04: The Law of Conservation of Matter
- 5.05: Chemical Equations
- 5.5.01: How to Write Balanced Chemical Equations
- 5.06: Mole Relationships and Chemical Equations
- 5.07: Mass Relationships and Chemical Equations
- 5.08: Limiting Reagent and Percent Yield
- 06: Types of Chemical Reactions
- 6.01: Classifying Chemical Reactions
- 6.02: Aqueous Solutions and Solubility - Compounds Dissolved in Water
- 6.03: Precipitation Reactions
- 6.04: OxidationReduction Reactions
- 6.05: Acids Bases and Neutralization Reactions
- 07: Gases
- 7.01: Kinetic Molecular Theory- A Model for Gases
- 7.02: Pressure - The Result of Constant Molecular Collisions
- 7.03: Boyles Law - Pressure and Volume
- 7.04: Charless Law- Volume and Temperature
- 7.05: Gay-Lussac's Law- Temperature and Pressure
- 7.06: Avogadros Law- Volume and Moles
- 7.07: The Ideal Gas Law- Pressure Volume Temperature and Moles
- 7.08: Mixtures of Gases - Why Deep-Sea Divers Breathe a Mixture of Helium and Oxygen
- 08: Energy and Energy Changes
- 8.01: Energy
- 8.02: Heat and Temperature
- 8.2.01: Specific Heat Calculations
- 8.03: Bond Energies and Chemical Reactions
- 8.04: Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions
- 8.05: Phase Changes and Energy Calculations
- 8.06: Phase Diagrams
- 8.07: Intermolecular Forces- Dispersion DipoleDipole Hydrogen Bonding and Ion-Dipole
- 8.08: Vapor Pressure
- 09: Solutions and Aqueous Mixtures
- 9.01: Mixtures
- 9.02: Solutions - Homogeneous Mixtures
- 9.03: Solutions of Gases in Water
- 9.04: Aqueous Solutions - Dissolving solids in water
- 9.05: Solution Concentration
- 9.06: Solution Concentration- Molarity
- 9.07: Solution Dilution
- 9.08: Properties of Solutions
- 9.09: Osmosis
- 10: Reaction Rates and Equilibrium
- 10.01: Chemical Reaction Rate
- 10.02: Collisions Theory and Reaction Rates
- 10.03: Effects of Temperature Concentration and Catalysts on Reaction Rates
- 10.04: Dynamic Equilibrium
- 10.05: The Equilibrium Constant Expression
- 10.06: Le Chatelier's Principle
- 11: Acids and Bases
- 11.01: Acids- Properties and Examples
- 11.1.01: Naming Acids
- 11.02: Bases- Properties and Examples
- 11.03: Molecular Definitions of Acids and Bases
- 11.04: Reactions of Acids and Bases
- 11.05: Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
- 11.06: Water - Acid and Base in One
- 11.07: The pH and pOH Scales - Ways to Express Acidity and Basicity
- 11.08: Buffer Solutions
- 11.09: AcidBase Titration
- 12: Nuclear Chemistry
- 12.01: The Discovery of Radioactivity
- 12.02: Types of Radioactivity- Alpha Beta and Gamma Decay
- 12.03: Natural Radioactivity and Half-Life
- 12.3.01: Radiocarbon Dating- Using Radioactivity to Measure the Age of Fossils and Other Artifacts
- 12.04: The Discovery of Fission and the Atomic Bomb
- 12.05: Nuclear Power
- 12.06: Biological Effect and Application of Radiation