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Concepts of Physical Science

Chemistry

Author: Jamie MacArthur
Publisher: Madera Community College
Source: LibreTexts
License: CC BY-NC-SA
Language: EN
Category: Basic Sciences

Read online Download PDF (open licence)

Contents· 215 sections

01: Science Itself
1.01: Observing the World
1.02: Developing the Scientific Method
1.2.01: Careful Observations- Documentation Measurements and Patterns
1.2.02: Experiments
1.2.03: A Scientific Method
1.03: Processes of Science
1.3.01: Laws and Theories in Science
1.3.02: The Scientific Process
1.04: The Limits of Science
1.4.01: Other Ways of Knowing
1.4.02: What Should Science be Allowed to do
1.4.03: Pseudoscience
1.05: Organization of Science
1.5.01: Pure and Applied Science
1.5.02: Fields of Science
02: Matter and Motion
2.01: Introduction to Motion
2.02: Modern Ideas about Motion
2.03: Direction
2.04: Vectors Scalars and Coordinate Systems
2.05: Speed and Velocity
2.06: Acceleration
2.07: Determining how to solve a motion equation problem
2.08: Motion Graphs
2.8.01: Motion graphs of position velocity and speed versus time
2.8.02: Motion graphs of acceleration velocity and position versus time.
2.8.03: Predicting Motion graphs
2.09: Types of Acceleration
2.9.01: Falling Objects
2.9.02: Centripetal Acceleration
2.9.03: Projectile Motion
2.10: Measuring the World
2.11: Development of Force Concept
2.12: Galileo and the Beginnings of Modern Science
03: Types of Motion and Their Causes
3.01: Introduction to Dynamics and Momentum.
3.02: Newtons First Law of Motion- Inertia
3.03: Newton's Second Law of Motion- Force and Acceleration
3.04: Newtons Third Law of Motion- Symmetry in Forces
3.05: Examples of Force
3.5.01: Normal Force
3.5.02: Tension
3.5.03: Spring Force- Hookes Law
3.5.04: Friction
3.5.05: Centripetal Force
3.06: Summary of Newton's Laws
3.07: Newtons Universal Law of Gravitation
3.08: Linear Momentum and Force
3.09: Conservation of Momentum
3.10: Rotation
3.11: Angular Momentum and Its Conservation
04: Fluid Mechanics and Waves
4.01: Introduction to Fluids and Waves
4.02: What Is a Fluid
4.03: Density
4.04: Pressure
4.4.01: Pressure Due to the Weight of Fluid
4.4.02: Boyle's Law
4.05: Fluid Principles
4.5.01: Archimedes Principle
4.5.02: Pascal's Principle
4.5.03: Bernoullis Principle
4.06: Wave Mechanics
4.6.01: Period and Frequency in Oscillations
4.6.02: Simple Harmonic Motion- A Special Periodic Motion
4.6.03: Waves
4.07: Properties of Waves
4.7.01: Transverse and Longitudinal Waves
4.7.02: Forced Oscillations and Resonance
4.7.03: Wave Interference- Standing Waves and Beats
4.7.04: When Waves Sources Move- Doppler effects and Bow Wakes
4.08: Sound
4.8.01: Speed of Sound Frequency and Wavelength
05: Work and Energy
5.01: Introduction to Work and Energy
5.02: Work- The Scientific Definition
5.03: Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Theorem
5.04: Potential Energy- Gravity and Springs
5.4.01: Gravitational Potential Energy
5.4.02: Spring Potential Energy
5.05: Conservative Forces Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy
5.06: Forms of Energy
5.07: Simple Machines
5.08: Power
5.09: Energy and Momentum
06: Heat and Energy
6.01: Introduction to Thermodynamics
6.02: Temperature
6.2.01: Temperature and Thermometers
6.2.02: The Molecular Basis for Temperature
6.03: Heat
6.04: Heat Transfer Methods
6.05: Temperature Change and Heat Capacity
6.06: The First Law of Thermodynamics
6.07: Heat Engines and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
6.7.01: Efficiency and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
6.7.02: Carnots Perfect Heat Engine- The Second Law of Thermodynamics Restated
6.08: Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
6.8.01: Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics- The Underlying Explanation
6.8.02: Entropy Life the Universe and Everything
6.09: Energy Sources for Our Lives
07: Fundamentals and Applications of Electricity
7.01: Introduction to Electricity
7.02: Static Electricity and Charge- Conservation of Charge
7.03: Coulombs Law
7.04: Representing Electric Fields
7.05: Electric Potential and Potential Energy
7.06: Conductors and Current
7.07: Ohms Law
7.08: Circuits
7.09: Applications- Power and Safety
7.9.01: Electric Power and Energy
7.9.02: Electric Hazards and the Human Body
08: The Amazing Connections Between Magnets and Light Switches
8.01: Introduction to Magnetism
8.02: Magnets
8.03: Natural Magnetism
8.04: The Source of Magnetism
8.05: Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Field Lines
8.06: The relationship between electric current magnetic fields and magnetic force
8.07: Force from Electricity and Magnetism- Motors and Meters
8.08: Faraday's Law- Electricity from Magnetism and Force
8.8.01: Applications of Electromagnetic Induction
8.09: Magnetism from Electricity
8.10: Maxwells Equations- Summarizing the Connections Between Electricity and Magnetism
8.11: Sources of Voltage and the Electrification of America
8.11.01: Batteries
8.11.02: Induced Voltage and Electrical Generators
8.11.03: Alternating Current versus Direct Current
8.11.04: Transformers
09: Electromagnetic Radiation and Optics
9.01: Introduction to Light
9.02: Maxwells Equations- Electromagnetic Waves Predicted and Observed
9.03: Producing Electromagnetic Radiation
9.04: The Electromagnetic Spectrum- an Overview
9.05: The Electromagnetic Spectrum- Application Notes
9.06: Interaction of Light with Matter
9.6.01: Reflection
9.6.02: Refraction
9.6.03: Dispersion- The Rainbow and Prisms
9.07: Our Extraordinary World of Colors
9.08: Lenses Mirrors and Polarization
9.8.01: Image Formation by Lenses
9.8.02: Image Formation by Mirrors
9.8.03: Polarization
9.09: The Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change
10: Elements Are Made of Atoms
10.01: Introduction to Atoms and Elements
10.02: Modern Understandings of Elements
10.03: The Development of Atomic Theory
10.3.01: Law of Conservation of Mass
10.3.02: Law of Definite Proportions
10.3.03: Law of Multiple Proportions
10.3.04: Dalton's Atomic Theory
10.04: Organizing the Elements
10.4.01: Mendeleev's Periodic Table
10.4.02: Periodic Law
10.4.03: Modern Periodic Table- Periods and Groups
10.05: Understanding the Periodic Table
10.5.01: Metals Nonmetals and Metalloids.
10.5.02: Families of the Periodic Table
10.06: Inside the Atom
10.07: Electrons and Light
10.08: Quantum Mechanics
10.09: Electron Shells
11: Chemical Bonds
11.01: Chemical Bond
11.02: Elements molecules and compounds
11.03: The Octet Rule
11.04: Ions and Ion Formation
11.05: Ionic Bonding
11.06: Metallic Bonding
11.07: Covalent Bonds and Molecules
11.08: Bond Polarity
11.09: Intermolecular Forces
11.10: Naming Compounds
12: Physical Properties
12.01: Introduction to Physical Properties
12.02: Physical and Chemical
12.03: Classifying Matter
12.04: The Physical States of Matter
12.05: Transitions between Phases
12.06: Energy and Phase Transitions
12.07: Moles- Counting Atoms
12.7.01: Moles and Avogrado's Number
12.7.02: Moles and Mass
12.08: Solutions and Solubility
12.09: Concentrations of Solutions
12.10: Soap- an Application of Physical Properties
13: Chemical Reactions
13.01: Introduction to Chemical Changes
13.02: Aspects of a Chemical Change
13.03: Chemical Equations- Representing Chemical Changes
13.04: Balancing Equations
13.05: Energy and Chemical Reactions
13.06: Entropy and Chemical Reactions
13.07: Classifying Reactions
13.08: Acid Base Reactions
13.09: Redox Reactions- The Transfer of Electrons
13.10: Polymerization Reactions
14: Nuclear Radiation
14.01: Introduction to Radioactivity
14.02: The Atomic Nucleus
14.03: Discovery of Radioactivity
14.04: Nuclear Decay Processes
14.05: Nuclear Equations
14.06: Half-Life
14.07: What Holds the Nucleus Together
14.08: The Energy Within the Nucleus and all Matter
14.09: Nuclear Binding Energy
14.9.01: Nuclear Fission
14.9.02: Nuclear Fusion
14.10: Nuclear Radiation in Our Lives
14.11: Process of Science- Lise Meitner and Otto Hahn