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General Psychology for Honors Students

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General Psychology for Honors Students

This text surveys the basic concepts, theories, and pivotal findings over the past 100 years in the science of Psychology, with special emphasis on contemporary concepts and findings focused on the relation of the brain to normal and pathological behaviors. Psychology has long evolved past the psychodynamic influence to include biological, social, learning, motivational, and developmental perspectives, to name a few.

PsychologySocial Sciences
Author
Kate Votaw
Publisher
University of Missouri–St. Louis
Source
LibreTexts
License
CC BY-NC-SA
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 264 sections
  1. 01: History of Psychology
  2. 1.01: Introduction
  3. 1.02: Wundt And Structuralism
  4. 1.03: James And Functionalism
  5. 1.04: Freud And Psychoanalytic Theory
  6. 1.05: Wertheimer Koffka Kohler Aad Gestalt Psychology
  7. 1.06: Pavlov Watson Skinner And Behaviorism
  8. 1.07: Maslow Rogers And Humanism
  9. 1.08: The Cognitive Revolution
  10. 1.09: Multicultural Psychology
  11. 1.10: Dig Deeper
  12. 02: Contemporary Psychology
  13. 2.01: Introduction
  14. 2.02: Biopsychology And Evolutionary Psychology
  15. 2.03: Sensation And Perception
  16. 2.04: Cognitive Psychology
  17. 2.05: Developmental Pstchology
  18. 2.06: Personality Psychology
  19. 2.07: Social Psychology
  20. 2.08: Industrial-Organizational Psychology
  21. 2.09: Health Psychology
  22. 2.10: Sport And Exercise Psychology
  23. 2.11: Clinical Psychology
  24. 2.12: Forensic Psychology
  25. 03: Overview of the Scientific Method
  26. 3.01: Introduction
  27. 3.02: A Model Of Scientific Research In Psychology
  28. 3.03: Finding A Research Topic
  29. 3.04: Generating Good Research Questions
  30. 3.05: Developing A Hypothesis
  31. 3.06: Designing A Research Study
  32. 3.07: Drawing Conclusions And Reporting The Results
  33. 3.08: Key Takeways
  34. 3.09: Exercises
  35. 04: Research Designs
  36. 4.01: Introduction
  37. 4.02: Research Designs
  38. 4.03: Experimental Research
  39. 4.04: Correlational Designs
  40. 4.05: Qualitative Designs
  41. 4.06: Quasi-Experimental Designs
  42. 4.07: Longitudinal Studies
  43. 4.08: Surveys
  44. 4.09: Tradeoffs In Research
  45. 4.10: Research Methods- Why You Need Them
  46. 05: Thinking like a Psychological Scientist
  47. 5.01: Introduction
  48. 5.02: Scientific Versus Everyday Reasoning
  49. 5.03: The Interpretation of Research Results
  50. 5.04: Why Should I Trust Science If It Can't Prove Anything
  51. 5.05: Scientific Theories
  52. 5.06: Is Science Objective
  53. 5.07: Science In Context
  54. 06: Neurons
  55. 6.01: Introduction
  56. 6.02: The Structure Of The Neuron
  57. 6.03: Communication Within And Between Neurons
  58. 07: Our Brains Control Our Thoughts Feelings and Behavior
  59. 7.01: Introduction
  60. 7.02: The Old Brain- Wired For Survival
  61. 7.03: The Cerebral Cortex Creates Consciousness And Thinking
  62. 7.04: The Brain Is Flexible- Neuroplasticity
  63. 7.05: Key Takeways
  64. 08: Psychophysiological Methods in Neuroscience
  65. 8.01: Introduction
  66. 8.02: Central Nervous System (CNS)
  67. 8.03: Peripheral Nervous System
  68. 8.04: When To Use What
  69. 8.05: Conclusion
  70. 09: What Is Consciousness
  71. 9.01: Introduction
  72. 9.02: Biological Rhythms
  73. 9.03: Problems With Circadian Rhythms
  74. 10: Sleep and Why We Sleep
  75. 10.01: Introduction
  76. 10.02: What Is Sleep
  77. 10.03: Why Do We Sleep
  78. 11: Stages of Sleep
  79. 11.01: Introduction
  80. 11.02: Nrem Stages Of Sleep
  81. 11.03: REM Sleep
  82. 12: Sleep Problems and Disorders
  83. 12.01: Introduction
  84. 12.02: Insomnia
  85. 12.03: Parasomnias
  86. 12.04: Sleep Apnea
  87. 12.05: SIDS
  88. 12.06: Narcolepsy
  89. 13: Seeing
  90. 13.01: Introduction
  91. 13.02: The Sensing Eye And The Perceiving Visual Cortex
  92. 13.03: Perceiving Color
  93. 13.04: Perceiving Form
  94. 13.05: Perceiving Depth
  95. 13.06: Perceiving Motion
  96. 14: Accuracy and Inaccuracy in Perception
  97. 14.01: Introduction
  98. 14.02: How The Perceptual System Interprets The Environment
  99. 14.03: Illusions
  100. 14.04: The Important Role Of Expectations In Perception
  101. 15: The Healthy Life
  102. 15.01: Introduction
  103. 15.02: What Is Health Psychology
  104. 15.03: Stress And Health
  105. 15.04: Protecting Our Health
  106. 15.05: The Importance Of Good Health Practices
  107. 15.06: Psychology And Medicine
  108. 15.07: Being A Health Psychologist
  109. 15.08: The Future Of Health Psychology
  110. 16: Substance Use and Abuse
  111. 16.01: Introduction
  112. 16.02: Substance Use Disorders
  113. 16.03: Drug Categories
  114. 17: Predictive Learning
  115. 17.01: Introduction
  116. 17.02: Basic Predictive Learning Phenomena
  117. 17.03: Is Extinction Unlearing Or Inhibitory Learning
  118. 17.04: Stimulus Generalization And Discrimination
  119. 17.05: Pavlov's Stimulus Substitution Model Of Classical Conditioning
  120. 18: Operant Conditioning
  121. 18.01: Introduction
  122. 18.02: Reinforcement
  123. 18.03: Punishment
  124. 18.04: Primary And Secondary Reinforcers
  125. 18.05: Reinforcement Schedules
  126. 18.06: Cognition And Latent Learning
  127. 19: Memories as Types and Stages
  128. 19.01: Introduction
  129. 19.02: Explicit memory
  130. 19.03: Implicit memory
  131. 19.04: Stages Of Memory- Sensory Short-Term And Long-Term Memory
  132. 19.05: Key Takeaways
  133. 20: How We Remember- Cues to Improving Memory
  134. 20.01: Introduction
  135. 20.02: Encoding And Storage- How Our Perceptions Become Memories
  136. 20.03: The Structure Of LTM- Categories Prototypes And Schemas
  137. 20.04: The Biology Of Memory
  138. 20.05: Key Takeways
  139. 21: The Many Varieties of Conformity
  140. 21.01: Introduction
  141. 21.02: Informational Conformity- Conforming To Be Accurate
  142. 21.03: Normative Conformity- Conforming To Be Liked And To Avoid Rejection
  143. 21.04: Majority Influence- Conforming To The Group
  144. 21.05: Minority Influence- Resisting Group Presure
  145. 21.06: Situational Determinants Of Conformity
  146. 21.07: Key Takeways
  147. 22: Obedience Power and Leadership
  148. 22.01: Introduction
  149. 22.02: Milgram's Studies On Obedience To Authority
  150. 22.03: Types Of Power
  151. 22.04: Leaders And Leadership
  152. 22.05: Key Takeways
  153. 23: How the Social Context Influences Helping
  154. 23.01: Introduction
  155. 23.02: Latane And Darley's Model Of Helping
  156. 23.03: Key Takeways
  157. 24: Other Determinants of Helping
  158. 24.01: Introduction
  159. 24.02: Some People Are More Helpful Than Others- The Altruistic Personality
  160. 24.03: Gender Differences In Helping
  161. 24.04: Who Do We Help Attributions And Helping
  162. 24.05: Reactions To Receiving Help
  163. 24.06: Cultural Issues In Helping
  164. 24.07: Increasing Helping
  165. 24.08: Key Takeways
  166. 25: Gender
  167. 25.01: Introduction
  168. 25.02: Defining Gender
  169. 25.03: Gender Differences
  170. 25.04: Gender Roles
  171. 25.05: Gender Sexism And Socialization
  172. 26: Prejudice and Discrimination
  173. 26.01: Introduction
  174. 26.02: Understanding Prejudice And Discrimination
  175. 26.03: Types Of Prejudice And Discrimination
  176. 26.04: Why Do Prejudice And Discrimination Exist
  177. 26.05: Stereotypes And Self-fulfilling Prophecy
  178. 26.06: In-groups And Out-groups
  179. 27: Cognitive Development in Childhood
  180. 27.01: Introduction
  181. 27.02: Nature And Nurture
  182. 27.03: Does Cognitive Development Progress Through Distinct Stages
  183. 27.04: Applications To Education
  184. 27.05: Conclusion
  185. 28: Theories of Development
  186. 28.01: Moral Development
  187. 28.02: Kohlberg's State Model Of Moral Development
  188. 28.03: Erik Erikson's Stage Theory Of Lifespan Development
  189. 28.04: Childhood
  190. 29: Attachment Through the Life Course
  191. 29.01: Introduction
  192. 29.02: Attachment Theory- A Brief History And Core Concepts
  193. 29.03: Individual Differences In Infant Attachment
  194. 29.04: Antecedents Of Attachment Patterns
  195. 29.05: Attachment Patterns And Child Outcomes
  196. 29.06: Attachment In Adulthood
  197. 30: Research Methods in Developmental Psychology
  198. 30.01: Introduction
  199. 30.02: Research Methods
  200. 30.03: Research Design
  201. 30.04: Challenges Associated With Conducting Developmental Research
  202. 30.05: Conclusion
  203. 31: Personality Traits
  204. 31.01: Introduction
  205. 31.02: The Five-Factor Model Of Personality
  206. 31.03: Facets Of Traits (Subtraits)
  207. 31.04: Other Traits Beyond The Five-Factor Model
  208. 31.05: The Person-Situation Debate And Alternatives To The Trait Perspective
  209. 31.06: Appendix
  210. 32: What Are Psychological Disorders
  211. 32.01: Introduction
  212. 32.02: Definition Of A Psychological Disorder
  213. 32.03: Cultural Expectations
  214. 32.04: Harmful Dysfunction
  215. 32.05: The American Psychiatric Association (APA) Definition
  216. 33: Diagnosing and Classifying Psychological Disorders
  217. 33.01: Introduction
  218. 33.02: The Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Menal Disorders (DSM)
  219. 33.03: The International Classification Of Diseases
  220. 33.04: The Compassionate View Of Psychological Disorders
  221. 34: Anxiety and Related Disorders
  222. 34.01: Introduction
  223. 34.02: Generalized Anxiety Disorder
  224. 34.03: Panic Disorder And Agoraphobia
  225. 34.04: Specific Phobia
  226. 34.05: Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)
  227. 34.06: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
  228. 34.07: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
  229. 34.08: Treaments For Anxiety And Related Disorders
  230. 35: Mood Disorders
  231. 35.01: Introduction
  232. 35.02: What Are Mood Didorders
  233. 35.03: How Common Are Mood Disorders Who Develops Mood Disorders
  234. 35.04: What Are Some Of The Factors Implicated In The Development And Course Of Mood Disorders
  235. 35.05: What Are Some Of The Well-Supported Treatments For Mood Disorders
  236. 35.06: Conclusion
  237. 36: Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
  238. 36.01: Introductoin
  239. 36.02: The Phenomenology Of Schizophrenia And Related Psychotic Disorders
  240. 36.03: The Cognitive Neuroscience Of Schizophrenia
  241. 36.04: Risk Factors For Developing Schizophrenia
  242. 36.05: Treatment Of Schizophrenia
  243. 37: Personality Disorders
  244. 37.01: Introduction
  245. 37.02: DSM-5 Personality Disorders
  246. 37.03: Description
  247. 37.04: Validity
  248. 37.05: Treatment
  249. 37.06: Conclusion
  250. 38: Therapeutic Orientations
  251. 38.01: Introduction
  252. 38.02: Psychoanalysis And Psychodynamic Therapy
  253. 38.03: Humanistic And Person-Centered Therapy
  254. 38.04: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
  255. 38.05: Acceptance And Mindfulness- Based Approaches
  256. 38.06: Emerging Treatment Strategies
  257. 38.07: Pharmacological Treatments
  258. 38.08: Integrative And Eclectic Psychotherapy
  259. 38.09: Conclusion
  260. 39: Psychopharmacology
  261. 39.01: Introduction to Psychopharmacology
  262. 39.02: Pharmacokinetics- What Is It And Why Is It Important
  263. 39.03: Recent Issues Related To Psychotropic Drugs And Metabolism
  264. 39.04: Other Controversial Issues