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Chem 110: Introductory Chemistry

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Chem 110: Introductory Chemistry

Chemistry
Author
Joshua M. Hanson
Publisher
Napa Valley College
Source
LibreTexts
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 130 sections
  1. 01: The Chemical World
  2. 1.01: Chemicals Compose Ordinary Things
  3. 1.02: The Scientific Method - How Chemists Think
  4. 1.03: Hypothesis Theories and Laws
  5. 1.04: The Scope of Chemistry
  6. 1.05: A Beginning Chemist - How to Succeed
  7. 02: Measurement and Problem Solving
  8. 2.01: Taking Measurements
  9. 2.02: The Basic Units of Measurement
  10. 2.03: Significant Figures - Writing Numbers to Reflect Precision
  11. 2.04: Significant Figures in Calculations
  12. 2.05: Scientific Notation - Writing Large and Small Numbers
  13. 2.06: Problem Solving and Unit Conversions
  14. 2.07: Solving Multi-step Conversion Problems
  15. 2.08: Units Raised to a Power
  16. 2.09: Density
  17. 03: Matter and Energy
  18. 3.01: In Your Room
  19. 3.02: What is Matter
  20. 3.03: Classifying Matter According to Its StateSolid Liquid and Gas
  21. 3.04: Classifying Matter According to Its Composition
  22. 3.05: Differences in Matter- Physical and Chemical Properties
  23. 3.06: Changes in Matter - Physical and Chemical Changes
  24. 3.07: Conservation of Mass - There is No New Matter
  25. 3.08: Temperature - Random Motion of Molecules and Atoms
  26. 04: Atoms and Elements
  27. 4.01: Cutting Aluminum until you get Atoms
  28. 4.02: Indivisible - The Atomic Theory
  29. 4.03: The Nuclear Atom
  30. 4.04: The Properties of Protons Neutrons and Electrons
  31. 4.05: Elements- Defined by Their Number of Protons
  32. 4.06: Isotopes - When the Number of Neutrons Varies
  33. 4.07: Atomic Mass - The Average Mass of an Elements Atoms
  34. 4.08: Looking for Patterns - The Periodic Table
  35. 4.09: Ions - Losing and Gaining Electrons
  36. 05: Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table
  37. 5.01: Light- Electromagnetic Radiation
  38. 5.02: The Electromagnetic Spectrum
  39. 5.03: The Bohr Model - Atoms with Orbits
  40. 5.04: Quantum-Mechanical Orbitals and Electron Configurations
  41. 5.05: Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
  42. 5.06: The Explanatory Power of the Quantum-Mechanical Model
  43. 5.07: Periodic Trends - Atomic Size Ionization Energy and Metallic Character
  44. 5.08: Representing Valence Electrons with Dots
  45. 06: Molecules and Compounds
  46. 6.01: Sugar and Salt
  47. 6.02: Compounds Display Constant Composition
  48. 6.03: Chemical Formulas - How to Represent Compounds
  49. 6.04: A Molecular View of Elements and Compounds
  50. 6.05: Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds
  51. 6.06: Nomenclature- Naming Compounds
  52. 6.07: Naming Ionic Compounds
  53. 6.08: Naming Acids
  54. 6.09: Naming Molecular Compounds
  55. 6.10: Nomenclature Summary
  56. 07: Chemical Bonding
  57. 7.01: Representing Valence Electrons with Dots
  58. 7.02: Lewis Structures of Ionic Compounds- Electrons Transferred
  59. 7.03: Covalent Lewis Structures- Electrons Shared
  60. 7.04: Writing Lewis Structures for Covalent Compounds
  61. 7.05: Resonance - Equivalent Lewis Structures for the Same Molecule
  62. 7.06: Predicting the Shapes of Molecules
  63. 7.07: Electronegativity and Polarity - Why Oil and Water Do not Mix
  64. 08: Liquids Solids and Intermolecular Forces
  65. 8.01: Interactions between Molecules
  66. 8.02: Properties of Liquids and Solids
  67. 8.03: Intermolecular Forces in Action- Surface Tension and Viscosity
  68. 8.04: Intermolecular Forces- Dispersion DipoleDipole Hydrogen Bonding and Ion-Dipole
  69. 8.05: Water - A Remarkable Molecule
  70. 8.06: Evaporation and Condensation
  71. 8.07: Melting Freezing and Sublimation
  72. 09: Chemical Reactions
  73. 9.01: Evidence of a Chemical Reaction
  74. 9.02: The Chemical Equation
  75. 9.03: How to Write Balanced Chemical Equations
  76. 9.04: Aqueous Solutions and Solubility - Compounds Dissolved in Water
  77. 9.05: Classifying Chemical Reactions
  78. 9.06: Precipitation Reactions
  79. 9.07: AcidBase and Gas Evolution Reactions
  80. 9.08: The Activity Series- Predicting Spontaneous Redox Reactions
  81. 9.09: OxidationReduction Reactions
  82. 10: Chemical Composition
  83. 10.01: Prelude to Chemical Composition - How Much Sodium
  84. 10.02: Counting Nails by the Pound
  85. 10.03: Counting Atoms by the Gram
  86. 10.04: Counting Molecules by the Gram
  87. 10.05: Chemical Formulas as Conversion Factors
  88. 10.06: Mass Percent Composition of Compounds
  89. 10.07: Mass Percent Composition from a Chemical Formula
  90. 10.08: Calculating Empirical Formulas for Compounds
  91. 10.09: Calculating Molecular Formulas for Compounds
  92. 11: Quantities in Chemical Reactions
  93. 11.01: Climate Change - Too Much Carbon Dioxide
  94. 11.02: Making Pancakes- Relationships Between Ingredients
  95. 11.03: Making Molecules- Mole-to-Mole Conversions
  96. 11.04: Making Molecules- Mass-to-Mass Conversions
  97. 11.05: Stoichiometry
  98. 11.06: Limiting Reactant and Theoretical Yield
  99. 11.07: Limiting Reactant Theoretical Yield and Percent Yield from Initial Masses of Reactants
  100. 12: Solutions
  101. 12.01: Tragedy in Cameroon
  102. 12.02: Solutions - Homogeneous Mixtures
  103. 12.03: Solutions of Solids Dissolved in Water- How to Make Rock Candy
  104. 12.04: Solutions of Gases in Water
  105. 12.05: Specifying Solution Concentration- Mass Percent
  106. 12.06: Specifying Solution Concentration- Molarity
  107. 12.07: Solution Dilution
  108. 12.08: Solution Stoichiometry
  109. 12.09: Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation
  110. 12.10: Osmosis
  111. 13: Acids and Bases
  112. 13.01: Sour Patch Kids and International Spy Movies
  113. 13.02: Acids- Properties and Examples
  114. 13.03: Bases- Properties and Examples
  115. 13.04: Molecular Definitions of Acids and Bases
  116. 13.05: Reactions of Acids and Bases
  117. 13.06: AcidBase Titration
  118. 13.07: Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
  119. 13.08: Water - Acid and Base in One
  120. 13.09: The pH and pOH Scales - Ways to Express Acidity and Basicity
  121. 14: Gases
  122. 14.01: Extra-Long Straws
  123. 14.02: Pressure - The Result of Constant Molecular Collisions
  124. 14.03: Kinetic Molecular Theory- A Model for Gases
  125. 14.04: Boyles Law - Pressure and Volume
  126. 14.05: Charless Law- Volume and Temperature
  127. 14.06: Gay-Lussac's Law- Temperature and Pressure
  128. 14.07: The Combined Gas Law- Pressure Volume and Temperature
  129. 14.08: The Ideal Gas Law- Pressure Volume Temperature and Moles
  130. 14.09: Mixtures of Gases - Why Deep-Sea Divers Breathe a Mixture of Helium and Oxygen