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CHEM 210: General Chemistry I, An "Atoms Up" Approach

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CHEM 210: General Chemistry I, An "Atoms Up" Approach

This is the free digital textbook that accompanies CHEM 210: General College Chemistry I, which is first half of the two-semester college-level chemistry series offered at Cañada College. Curated and remixed via LibreTexts by Camille Kaslan, Fall 2023.

Chemistry
Author
Camille Kaslan
Publisher
Canada College
Source
LibreTexts
License
CC BY
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 122 sections
  1. 01: Chemistry is the Science of Everything
  2. 1.01: Thinking Scientifically - The Scientific Method
  3. 1.02: Designing Experiments - What's Being Tested
  4. 02: Matter - An Introduction
  5. 2.01: Classifications of Matter
  6. 2.02: Properties of Matter
  7. 2.03: Intensive vs. Extensive Properties
  8. 2.04: Changes in Matter
  9. 2.05: Energy - What Drives Changes in Matter
  10. 03: Units Measurements and Conversions
  11. 3.01: Base Units and Derived Units
  12. 3.02: Scientific Notation - Writing Large and Small Numbers
  13. 3.03: The Reliability of Measurement
  14. 3.04: Significant Figures - Approximating Uncertainty
  15. 3.05: Solving Chemical Problems - Dimensional Analysis
  16. 3.5.01: Metric and Imperial Unit Conversions
  17. 3.5.02: Compound Unit Conversion Factors - Density
  18. 3.5.03: Molar Mass and Avogadro's Number
  19. 04: Atoms and Elements
  20. 4.01: Evidence for Atoms - Brownian Motion
  21. 4.02: Early Ideas About the Building Blocks of Matter
  22. 4.2.01: Dalton's Atomic Theory
  23. 4.03: The Discovery of The Electron - The Plum Pudding Atomic Model
  24. 4.04: Discovery of the Proton - The Nuclear Atomic Model
  25. 4.05: The Subatomic Particles and Isotopes
  26. 4.5.01: Ions - Differences in Electrons
  27. 4.06: The Periodic Table of the Elements
  28. 05: The Quantum Model of the Atom
  29. 5.01: The Nature of Light and Electromagnetic Radiation
  30. 5.02: The Photoelectric Effect - Light as a Particle
  31. 5.03: Blackbody Radiation and The UV Catastrophe - Evidence of Quantization
  32. 5.04: The Bohr Model of The Atom
  33. 5.05: Wave-Particle Duality of Matter
  34. 5.06: The Wavefunction and Schrodinger's Equation
  35. 5.07: Atomic Orbitals and Quantum Numbers
  36. 5.7.01: Visualizing Atomic Orbitals as Probability Densities
  37. 06: Periodic Law and Periodic Properties of the Elements
  38. 6.01: The Development of The Periodic Table
  39. 6.02: Electron Configurations - The Quantum Model and Periodic Structure
  40. 6.03: Periodicity
  41. 6.04: Effective Nuclear Charge and Shielding
  42. 6.05: Periodic Trends
  43. 6.5.01: Periodic Trends in Ions
  44. 6.5.02: Electronegativity
  45. 07: Molecules and Compounds
  46. 7.01: Chemical Formulas - Atomic Ratios
  47. 7.02: Types of Compounds - Differences in Atomic Connections
  48. 7.03: Ionic Compounds - Names and Formulas
  49. 7.04: Covalent Compounds - Names and Formulas
  50. 7.05: Chemical Composition
  51. 7.5.01: Empirical Formulas
  52. 08: Chemical Bonding I - The Lewis Model
  53. 8.01: Lewis Symbols
  54. 8.02: Covalent Bonding and Lewis Dot Structures
  55. 8.2.01: Exceptions to Octet
  56. 8.03: Resonance Structures and Formal Charge
  57. 8.04: Polar Covalent Bonds
  58. 8.05: Bond Energies Strengths and Lengths
  59. 09: Chemical Bonding II - Advanced Bonding Models
  60. 9.01: Valence Bond Theory - Bonds as Orbital Overlaps
  61. 9.02: Hybridization and Hybrid Orbitals in VBT
  62. 9.03: Valence Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory
  63. 9.3.01: Lone Pairs and 3D Geometry
  64. 9.04: Molecular Geometry and Polarity
  65. 9.05: Molecular Orbital Theory
  66. 9.5.01: The Predictive Power of MO Theory - The Case of Oxygen
  67. 10: Chemical Reactions and Chemical Quantities
  68. 10.01: Chemical Reactions and Balanced Chemical Equations
  69. 10.1.01: Coefficients and Mole Ratios
  70. 10.02: General Types of Chemical Reactions
  71. 10.03: Mole Quantities
  72. 10.04: Stoichiometry
  73. 10.05: The Limiting Reactant Theoretical Yield and Percent Yield
  74. 11: Solutions Concentration and Dilution
  75. 11.01: Solutes and Solvents
  76. 11.02: Aqueous Solutions and Dissolution
  77. 11.2.01: Solute Dissociation Equations
  78. 11.2.02: Electrolyte Solutions
  79. 11.03: Solution Concentration - Molarity
  80. 11.04: Solution Preparation
  81. 12: Aqueous Reactions
  82. 12.01: Complete and Net Ionic Equations
  83. 12.02: Precipitation Reactions
  84. 12.03: Acids and Bases
  85. 12.3.01: Neutralization Reactions
  86. 12.04: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
  87. 12.05: Stoichiometry of Aqueous Reactions
  88. 13: Thermochemistry
  89. 13.01: The Nature of Energy
  90. 13.02: The First Law of Thermodynamics
  91. 13.2.01: Heat and Work
  92. 13.03: Enthalpy H and Heat of Reaction
  93. 13.3.01: Calorimetry
  94. 13.3.02: Hess' Law
  95. 13.3.03: Standard Enthalpy of Formation
  96. 13.04: Heat Transfer Involving Phase Changes
  97. 14: Gases
  98. 14.01: Kinetic Molecular Theory and Gas Pressure
  99. 14.02: The Gas Laws
  100. 14.2.01: Other Gas Relationships
  101. 14.03: The Ideal Gas Law
  102. 14.3.01: Real vs. Ideal Gases
  103. 14.04: Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure
  104. 14.05: Vapor Pressure
  105. 14.06: Gas Stoichiometry
  106. 15: Gases and Gas Laws
  107. 15.01: Gas Pressure - a Result of Collisions
  108. 15.02: The Gas Laws
  109. 15.03: Other Gas Relationships
  110. 15.04: Ideal Gases and The Ideal Gas Law
  111. 15.05: Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
  112. 15.5.01: Vapor Pressure
  113. 15.06: Ideal Gases and Real Gases
  114. 15.07: Gas Stoichiometry
  115. 16: Solids Liquids and Phase Changes
  116. 16.01: The Phases - Solids Liquids and Gases
  117. 16.02: Phase Changes
  118. 16.03: Phase Change Diagrams
  119. 16.04: Phase Diagrams
  120. 16.05: Intermolecular Forces
  121. 16.06: Properties of Liquids
  122. 16.07: Solids