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Big Ideas in Cosmology

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Big Ideas in Cosmology

The traditional textbook, bound to the physical limits of the printed page, cannot illustrate the full complexity, movement, and beauty of the cosmos.

Astronomy CosmologyPhysics
Author
Kim Coble, Kevin McLin, and Lynn Cominsky
Publisher
San Francisco State University, Chico State University, and Sonoma State University
Source
LibreTexts
License
CC BY-NC-SA
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 218 sections
  1. 01: Size and Scope
  2. 1.00: Size and Scope Introduction
  3. 1.01: Your Model of the Universe
  4. 1.02: Our Solar System
  5. 1.03: Our Galaxy - The Milky Way
  6. 1.04: Other Galaxies and Large-scale Structures in the Universe
  7. 1.05: The Smallest Stuff- Particles Atoms and Molecules
  8. 1.06: Hierarchy- How the Objects Are Arranged
  9. 1.07: Scale the Universe
  10. 1.08: Wrapping It Up 1 - Size Scope and Units
  11. 1.09: Mission Report for Wrapping It Up Activity 1 - Size Scope and Units
  12. 02: Light
  13. 2.00: Light Introduction
  14. 2.01: The Wave Nature of Light
  15. 2.02: The Particle Nature of Light
  16. 2.03: The Electromagnetic Spectrum
  17. 2.04: What a Spectrum of Light Can Tell Us About Matter
  18. 2.05: Continuous Spectra - a Planck Spectrum Tells us the Temperature of Objects
  19. 2.06: Lines Spectra- Emission and Absorption Lines
  20. 2.07: Determining the Composition of an Unknown Gas
  21. 2.08: Mission Report
  22. 2.09: Wrapping It Up
  23. 03: Telescopes
  24. 3.00: Telescope Introduction
  25. 3.01: Designing Telescopes Across the Spectrum
  26. 3.02: Location Location Location
  27. 3.03: Imaging Astronomical Objects
  28. 3.04: Determining the Brightness of Astronomical Objects
  29. 3.05: Wrapping It Up
  30. 3.06: Mission Report
  31. 04: Moving Through Space
  32. 4.00: Moving Through Space Introduction
  33. 4.01: Relationship Between Distance Speed and Time
  34. 4.02: Measuring Motion - the Doppler Shift
  35. 4.03: Astronomical Objects in Motion
  36. 4.04: Wrapping It Up
  37. 4.05: Mission Report
  38. 05: Moving Through Time
  39. 5.00: Moving Through Time Introduction
  40. 5.01: Measuring the Ages of Objects- Radiometric Dating
  41. 5.02: Measuring Ages - Lifetimes of Stars
  42. 5.03: Change Over Time- Evolution of Stars
  43. 5.04: Evolution of Galaxies and the Universe Itself
  44. 5.05: Wrapping It Up
  45. 5.06: Mission Report
  46. 06: Measuring Cosmic Distances
  47. 6.00: Measuring Cosmic Distances Introduction
  48. 6.01: Geometrical Methods
  49. 6.02: Standard Ruler
  50. 6.03: Standard Candle
  51. 6.04: The Cosmic Distance Ladder
  52. 6.05: Wrapping It Up
  53. 6.06: Mission Report
  54. 07: Classical Physics- Gravity and Energy
  55. 7.00: Classical Physics- Gravity and Energy Introduction
  56. 7.01: Gravity on Earth
  57. 7.02: Force Mass and Weight
  58. 7.03: Gravity Is a Universal Force
  59. 7.04: Gravity and Orbits
  60. 7.05: Forms of Energy
  61. 7.06: Conservation of Energy
  62. 7.07: Wrapping It Up
  63. 7.08: Mission Report
  64. 08: Dark Matter
  65. 8.00: Dark Matter Introduction
  66. 8.01: Making Models for Rotation
  67. 8.02: Velocities Mass and Gravity- the Solar System
  68. 8.03: Gravity and Models for Different Mass Distributions
  69. 8.04: Velocity and Mass Distributions in Galaxies
  70. 8.05: Velocity and Mass Distributions in Galaxy Clusters
  71. 8.06: Possible Explanations for the Missing Mass in Galaxies and Clusters
  72. 8.07: Wrapping It Up - What Is the Matter With NGC 3198
  73. 8.08: Mission Report - What Is the Matter With NGC 3198
  74. 09: Special Relativity
  75. 9.00: Special Relativity Introduction
  76. 9.01: The Principles of Special Relativity
  77. 9.02: Time Dilation
  78. 9.03: Length Contraction
  79. 9.04: The Geometry of Special Relativity- Spacetime
  80. 9.05: Applications of Spacetime
  81. 9.06: Mass and Energy
  82. 9.07: Faster Than Light
  83. 9.08: Wrapping It Up - A Trip to Alpha Centauri
  84. 9.09: Mission Report for Wrapping It Up Activity 9 - A Trip to Alpha Centauri
  85. 10: General Relativity
  86. 10.00: General Relativity Introduction
  87. 10.01: Einsteins Equivalence Principle
  88. 10.02: Gravity and Curvature
  89. 10.03: What is Curvature
  90. 10.04: Tests of General Relativity
  91. 10.05: The Source of Gravity
  92. 10.06: Wrapping It Up - Curved Spacetime Around Astronomical Objects
  93. 10.07: Curved Spacetime Around Astronomical Objects
  94. 10.08: FORMULAE CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS
  95. 11: Black Holes
  96. 11.00: Black Holes Introduction
  97. 11.01: What Are Black Holes
  98. 11.02: Spacetime Near Black Holes
  99. 11.03: Quantum Effects Near Black Holes
  100. 11.04: Astrophysical Black Holes
  101. 11.05: Wrapping It Up - Black Hole Densities
  102. 11.06: Black Hole Densities
  103. 12: Gravitational Lenses
  104. 12.00: Gravitational Lensing Introduction
  105. 12.01: What Are Gravitational Lenses
  106. 12.02: Lensing by Point Masses
  107. 12.03: Lensing by Extended Mass Distributions
  108. 12.04: Weak Lensing
  109. 12.05: Wrapping It Up - Measuring Gravitational Lenses
  110. 12.06: Mission Report - Measuring Gravitational Lenses
  111. 13: The Expansion of the Universe
  112. 13.00: The Expansion of the Universe Introduction
  113. 13.01: Some History
  114. 13.02: The Hubble Law
  115. 13.03: The Universe Is Expanding
  116. 13.04: The Age of the Universe
  117. 13.05: The Basic Big Bang Model
  118. 13.06: Wrapping It - Up How Well Do We Know the Expansion Rate and Age of the Universe
  119. 13.07: How Well Do We Know the Expansion Rate and Age of the Universe
  120. 14: The Growth of Structure
  121. 14.00: The Growth of Structure Introduction
  122. 14.01: Large Scale Structure
  123. 14.02: The Formation of Galaxy Clusters and Groups
  124. 14.03: The Formation and Evolution of Galaxies
  125. 14.04: The First Stars
  126. 14.05: Wrapping It Up - Map the Universe
  127. 14.06: Mission Report - Map the Universe
  128. 15: The Cosmic Microwave Background
  129. 15.00: The Cosmic Microwave Background Introduction
  130. 15.01: Observations of the CMB Spectrum
  131. 15.02: Implications of the CMB Temperature and Spectrum
  132. 15.03: Observations of Variations in the CMB
  133. 15.04: Understanding the Variations in the CMB
  134. 15.05: Comparing Models and Data - The CMB and the Curvature of Space
  135. 15.06: Wrapping It Up - Using CMB Data to Determine Cosmological Parameters
  136. 15.07: Using CMB Data to Determine Cosmological Parameters
  137. 16: The Early Universe
  138. 16.00: The Early Universe Introduction
  139. 16.01: The Formation of the Lightest Elements
  140. 16.02: Particle Soup
  141. 16.03: Inflation
  142. 16.04: The Beginning
  143. 16.05: Wrapping It Up - Timeline of the Early Universe
  144. 16.06: Timeline of the Early Universe
  145. 17: Dark Energy and the Fate of the Universe
  146. 17.00: Dark Energy and the Fate of the Universe Introduction
  147. 17.01: Evidence for Dark Energy
  148. 17.02: Candidates for Dark Energy
  149. 17.03: The Friedmann Equation and the Fate of the Universe
  150. 17.04: Cosmic Concordance and Cosmological Parameters
  151. 17.05: Summary - You Will Reflect on What You Have Learned About Cosmology
  152. 17.06: Wrapping It Up - Cosmological Parameter Estimation
  153. 17.07: Cosmological Parameter Estimation
  154. Knowls
  155. 18: Big Ideas JS code
  156. 0.5: Meters To Kilometres
  157. 0.5: Sun Moon Distance
  158. 18.00: 15 4 how cosmological parameters affect the cmb cold dark matter
  159. 18.01: 15 4 how cosmological parameters affect the cmb regular matter
  160. 18.02: 16 2 4 particle creation timeline
  161. 18.03: bigIdeasActivityOne
  162. 18.04: ch16 particle classification
  163. 18.05: ch4pg1lightminute
  164. 18.06: ch4pg1lightyear
  165. 18.07: ch4pg1powersoftentimescales
  166. 18.08: ch4pg2boatwavedemobcmovingsource
  167. 18.09: ch4pg2boatwavedemosourceofwavesstationary
  168. 18.10: ch4pg2dopplershiftofhydrogen
  169. 18.11: ch4pg2quantitativedopplershift
  170. 18.12: ch4pg2twowaysofrepresentingaspectrum
  171. 18.13: ch4pg3relativemotion
  172. 18.14: ch4wiu4theandromedashift
  173. 18.15: ch6pg2standardruler
  174. 18.16: ch6pg3animatedfigure612
  175. 18.17: ch6pg3fluxvsdistance
  176. 18.18: ch6pg3mainsequencematchingforclustersofdifferentdistances
  177. 18.19: ch6pg3standardcandle
  178. 18.20: ch6pg3supernovaetypelaanddistances
  179. 18.21: ch6pg3tullyfisher
  180. 18.22: ch6pg4matchthetechniquetothedistance
  181. 18.23: ch7pg2accelerationandmass
  182. 18.24: ch7pg2netforceofanobject
  183. 18.25: ch7pg3animatedfigure75
  184. 18.26: ch7pg3howdoestheforceofgravitydependondistance
  185. 18.27: ch7pg3howdoestheforceofgravitydependonmass
  186. 18.28: ch7wiu7thegalileanmoonsofjupiter
  187. 18.29: chapter2pg1photonraceroundone
  188. 18.30: chapter2pg5planckspectrum
  189. 18.31: chapter2pg6viewingorientation
  190. 18.32: chapter2pg7determiningthecomposition
  191. 18.33: chapter3pt1lightcollectingarea
  192. 18.34: chapter3pt4afindingthesourceandsubtractingthebackground
  193. 18.35: chapter3pt4bcolorizingccdimages
  194. 18.36: chapter 11 2 falling into a black hole tidalforces
  195. 18.37: chapter 11 2 time dilation spacetime dialation
  196. 18.38: chapter 12 2 lensing by a point mass gravitationallensing simple
  197. 18.39: chapter 12 2 macho light curve
  198. 18.40: chapter 12 2 the einstein radius einsteinring
  199. 18.41: chapter 12 3 different types of lenses glbinning
  200. 18.42: chap 2 1 wave generator NEW
  201. 18.43: comovingcoords
  202. 18.44: expandinguniverse1
  203. 18.45: explodinguniverse
  204. 18.46: explosionvsexpansiondensity
  205. 18.47: orbitsimulator
  206. 18.48: testjQueryUI
  207. 18.49: var1
  208. 18.50: wiu15 a curvature
  209. 18.51: wiu15 b amount of baryonic matter
  210. 18.52: wiu15 c amount of cold dark matter
  211. 18.53: wiu6thesupernovaof1885
  212. 18.54: wiu 12 1 determining masses of lenses grav len mass measurement
  213. 18.55: wiu 12 1 determining masses of lenses mass calculator
  214. 18.56: wiu 16 cosmic timeline
  215. Kilometres To Miles
  216. Pop ups
  217. Math Exploration 13.1
  218. Math Exploration 13.2