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Foundations of Anatomy and Physiology

External

Foundations of Anatomy and Physiology

Medicine
Author
Natalie Brounsuzian
Publisher
Roosevelt University
Source
LibreTexts
License
Mixed
Language
EN
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 311 sections
  1. 01: Unit 1 Levels of Organization
  2. 1.01: An Introduction to the Human Body
  3. 1.01.00: Introduction
  4. 1.01.01: Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
  5. 1.01.02: Structural Organization of the Human Body
  6. 1.01.03: Functions of Human Life
  7. 1.01.04: Requirements for Human Life
  8. 1.01.05: Homeostasis
  9. 1.01.06: Anatomical Terminology
  10. 1.01.07: Medical Imaging
  11. 1.01.08: Key Terms
  12. 1.01.09: Interactive Link Questions
  13. 1.01.10: Chapter 1 Guided Notes and Lecture Slides
  14. 1.02: The Chemical Level of Organization
  15. 1.02.00: Introduction
  16. 1.02.01: Elements and Atoms - The Building Blocks of Matter
  17. 1.02.02: Chemical Bonds
  18. 1.02.03: Chemical Reactions
  19. 1.02.04: Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
  20. 1.02.05: Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
  21. 1.02.06: Key Terms
  22. 1.02.07: Interactive Link Questions
  23. 1.02.08: Chapter 2 Guided Notes and Lecture Slides
  24. 1.03: The Cellular Level of Organization
  25. 1.03.00: Introduction
  26. 1.03.01: The Cell Membrane
  27. 1.03.02: The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
  28. 1.03.03: The Nucleus and DNA Replication
  29. 1.03.04: Protein Synthesis
  30. 1.03.05: Cell Growth and Division
  31. 1.03.06: Cellular Differentiation
  32. 1.03.07: Key Terms
  33. 1.03.08: Interactive Link Questions
  34. 1.03.09: Chapter 3 Guided Notes and Lecture Slides
  35. 1.04: The Tissue Level of Organization
  36. 1.04.00: Introduction
  37. 1.04.01: Types of Tissues
  38. 1.04.02: Epithelial Tissue
  39. 1.04.03: Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
  40. 1.04.04: Muscle Tissue and Motion
  41. 1.04.05: Nervous Tissue Mediates Perception and Response
  42. 1.04.06: Tissue Injury and Aging
  43. 1.04.07: Key Terms
  44. 1.04.08: Interactive Link Questions
  45. 1.04.09: Chapter 4 Guided Notes and Lecture Slides
  46. 02: Support and Movement
  47. 2.05: The Integumentary System
  48. 2.05.00: Introduction
  49. 2.05.01: Layers of the Skin
  50. 2.05.02: Accessory Structures of the Skin
  51. 2.05.03: Functions of the Integumentary System
  52. 2.05.04: Diseases Disorders and Injuries of the Integumentary System
  53. 2.05.05: Key Terms
  54. 2.05.06: Interactive Link Questions
  55. 2.05.07: Chapter 5 Guided Notes and Lecture Slides
  56. 2.06: Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System
  57. 2.06.00: Introduction
  58. 2.06.01: The Functions of the Skeletal System
  59. 2.06.02: Bone Classification
  60. 2.06.03: Bone Structure
  61. 2.06.04: Bone Formation and Development
  62. 2.06.05: Fractures - Bone Repair
  63. 2.06.06: Exercise Nutrition Hormones and Bone Tissue
  64. 2.06.07: Calcium Homeostasis - Interactions of the Skeletal System and Other Organ Systems
  65. 2.06.08: Key Terms
  66. 2.06.09: Chapter 6 Guided Notes and Lecture Slides
  67. 2.07: Axial Skeleton
  68. 2.07.00: Introduction
  69. 2.07.01: Divisions of the Skeletal System
  70. 2.07.02: The Skull
  71. 2.07.03: The Vertebral Column
  72. 2.07.04: The Thoracic Cage
  73. 2.07.05: Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton
  74. 2.07.06: Key Terms
  75. 2.07.07: Interactive Link Questions
  76. 2.07.08: Chapter 7 Guided Notes and Lecture Slides
  77. 2.08: The Appendicular Skeleton
  78. 2.08.00: Introduction
  79. 2.08.01: The Pectoral Girdle
  80. 2.08.02: Bones of the Upper Limb
  81. 2.08.03: The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
  82. 2.08.04: Bones of the Lower Limb
  83. 2.08.05: Development of the Appendicular Skeleton
  84. 2.08.06: Key Terms
  85. 2.08.07: Interactive Link Questions
  86. 2.08.08: Chapter 8 Guided Notes and Lecture Slides
  87. 2.09: Joints
  88. 2.09.00: Introduction
  89. 2.09.01: Classification of Joints
  90. 2.09.02: Fibrous Joints
  91. 2.09.03: Cartilaginous Joints
  92. 2.09.04: Synovial Joints
  93. 2.09.05: Types of Body Movements
  94. 2.09.06: Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
  95. 2.09.07: Development of Joints
  96. 2.09.08: Key Terms
  97. 2.09.09: Interactive Link Questions
  98. 2.09.10: Guided Notes and Lecture Slides
  99. 2.10: Muscle Tissue
  100. 2.10.00: Introduction
  101. 2.10.01: Overview of Muscle Tissues
  102. 2.10.02: Skeletal Muscle
  103. 2.10.03: Muscle Fiber Contraction and Relaxation
  104. 2.10.04: Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
  105. 2.10.05: Types of Muscle Fibers
  106. 2.10.06: Exercise and Muscle Performance
  107. 2.10.07: Cardiac Muscle Tissue
  108. 2.10.08: Smooth Muscle
  109. 2.10.09: Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue
  110. 2.10.10: Key Terms
  111. 2.10.11: Interactive Link Questions
  112. 2.10.12: Chapter 10 Guided Notes and Lecture Slides
  113. 2.11: The Muscular System
  114. 2.11.00: Introduction
  115. 2.11.01: Interactions of Skeletal Muscles Their Fascicle Arrangement and Their Lever Systems
  116. 2.11.02: Naming Skeletal Muscle
  117. 2.11.03: 11.3 Axial Muscles of the Head Neck and Back
  118. 2.11.04: Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall and Thorax
  119. 2.11.05: 11.5 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
  120. 2.11.06: Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
  121. 2.11.07: Key Terms
  122. 2.11.08: Chapter 11 Guided Notes Lecture Slides and Muscles Labs
  123. 03: Regulation Integration and Control
  124. 3.12: The Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
  125. 3.12.00: Introduction
  126. 3.12.01: Basic Structures and Function of the Nervous System
  127. 3.12.02: Nervous Tissue
  128. 3.12.03: The Function of Nervous Tissue
  129. 3.12.04: The Action Potential
  130. 3.12.05: Communication Between Neurons
  131. 3.12.06: Key Terms
  132. 3.12.07: Interactive Link Questions
  133. 3.12.08: Chapter 12 Guided Notes and Lecture Slides
  134. 3.13: Anatomy of the Nervous Tissue
  135. 3.13.00: Introduction
  136. 3.13.01: The Embryologic Perspective
  137. 3.13.02: The Central Nervous System
  138. 3.13.03: Circulation and the Central Nervous System
  139. 3.13.04: The Peripheral Nervous System
  140. 3.13.05: Key Terms
  141. 3.13.06: Interactive Link Questions
  142. 3.13.07: Chapter 13 Guided Notes and Lecture Slides
  143. 3.14: The Somatic Nervous System
  144. 3.14.00: Introduction
  145. 3.14.01: Sensory Perception
  146. 3.14.02: Central Processing
  147. 3.14.03: Motor Processing
  148. 3.14.04: Key Terms
  149. 3.14.05: Interactive Link Questions
  150. 3.14.06: Chapter 14 Guided Notes and Lecture Slides
  151. 3.15: The Autonomic Nervous System
  152. 3.15.00: Introduction
  153. 3.15.01: Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
  154. 3.15.02: Autonomic Reflexes and Homeostasis
  155. 3.15.03: Central Control
  156. 3.15.04: Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System
  157. 3.15.05: 15.5 Key Terms
  158. 3.15.06: Interactive Link Questions
  159. 3.15.07: Chapter 15 Guided Notes and Lecture Slides
  160. 3.16: The Neurological Exam
  161. 3.16.00: Introduction
  162. 3.16.01: Overview of the Neurological Exam
  163. 3.16.02: The Mental Status Exam
  164. 3.16.03: The Cranial Nerve Exam
  165. 3.16.04: The Sensory and Motor Exams
  166. 3.16.05: The Coordination and Gait Exams
  167. 3.16.06: Key Terms
  168. 3.16.07: Interactive Link Questions
  169. 3.16.08: Chapter 16 Guided Notes and Lecture Slides
  170. 3.17: The Endocrine System
  171. 3.17.00: Introduction
  172. 3.17.01: An Overview of the Endocrine System
  173. 3.17.02: Hormones
  174. 3.17.03: The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
  175. 3.17.04: The Thyroid Gland
  176. 3.17.05: The Parathyroid Glands
  177. 3.17.06: The Adrenal Glands
  178. 3.17.07: The Pineal Gland
  179. 3.17.08: Gonadal and Placental Hormones
  180. 3.17.09: The Endocrine Pancreas
  181. 3.17.10: Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions
  182. 3.17.11: Development and Aging of the Endocrine System
  183. 3.17.12: Key Terms
  184. 3.17.13: Interactive Link Questions
  185. 3.17.14: Chapter 17 Guided Notes and Lecture Slides
  186. 04: Fluids and Transport
  187. 4.18: The Cardiovascular System - Blood
  188. 4.18.00: Introduction
  189. 4.18.01: An Overview of Blood
  190. 4.18.02: Production of the Formed Elements
  191. 4.18.03: Erythrocytes
  192. 4.18.04: Leukocytes and Platelets
  193. 4.18.05: Hemostasis
  194. 4.18.06: Blood Typing
  195. 4.18.07: Key Terms
  196. 4.18.08: Interactive Link Questions
  197. 4.18.09: Chapter 18 Guided Notes and Lecture Slides
  198. 4.19: The Cardiovascular System - The Heart
  199. 4.19.00: Introduction
  200. 4.19.01: Heart Anatomy
  201. 4.19.02: Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
  202. 4.19.03: Cardiac Cycle
  203. 4.19.04: Cardiac Physiology
  204. 4.19.05: Development of the Heart
  205. 4.19.06: Key Terms
  206. 4.19.07: Interactive Link Questions
  207. 4.19.08: Chapter 19 Guided Notes and Lecture Slides
  208. 4.20: The Cardiovascular System - Blood Vessels and Circulation
  209. 4.20.00: Introduction
  210. 4.20.01: Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
  211. 4.20.02: Blood Flow Blood Pressure and Resistance
  212. 4.20.03: Capillary Exchange
  213. 4.20.04: Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
  214. 4.20.05: Circulatory Pathways
  215. 4.20.06: Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation
  216. 4.20.07: Key Terms
  217. 4.20.08: Interactive Link Questions
  218. 4.20.09: Chapter 20 Guided Notes and Lecture Slides
  219. 4.21: The Lymphatic and Immune System
  220. 4.21.00: Introduction
  221. 4.21.01: Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
  222. 4.21.02: Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
  223. 4.21.03: The Adaptive Immune Response - T Lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
  224. 4.21.04: The Adaptive Immune Response - B Lymphocytes and Antibodies
  225. 4.21.05: The Immune Response Against Pathogens
  226. 4.21.06: Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses
  227. 4.21.07: Transplantation and Cancer Immunology
  228. 4.21.08: Key Terms
  229. 4.21.09: Interactive Link Questions
  230. 4.21.10: Chapter 21 Guided Notes and Lecture Slides
  231. 05: Energy Maintenance and Environmental Exchange
  232. 5.22: The Respiratory System
  233. 5.22.00: Introduction
  234. 5.22.01: Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
  235. 5.22.02: The Lungs
  236. 5.22.03: The Process of Breathing
  237. 5.22.04: Gas Exchange
  238. 5.22.05: Transport of Gases
  239. 5.22.06: Modifications in Respiratory Functions
  240. 5.22.07: Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System
  241. 5.22.08: Key Terms
  242. 5.22.09: Interactive Link Questions
  243. 5.22.10: Chapter 22 Guided Notes and Lecture Slides
  244. 5.23: The Digestive System
  245. 5.23.00: Introduction
  246. 5.23.01: Overview of the Digestive System
  247. 5.23.02: Digestive System Processes and Regulation
  248. 5.23.03: The Mouth Pharynx and Esophagus
  249. 5.23.04: The Stomach
  250. 5.23.05: The Small and Large Intestines
  251. 5.23.06: Accessory Organs in Digestion- The Liver Pancreas and Gallbladder
  252. 5.23.07: Chemical Digestion and Absorption - A Closer Look
  253. 5.23.08: Key Terms
  254. 5.23.09: Interactive Link Questions
  255. 5.23.10: Chapter 23 Guided Notes and Lecture Slides
  256. 5.24: Metabolism and Nutrition
  257. 5.24.00: Introduction
  258. 5.24.01: Overview of Metabolic Reactions
  259. 5.24.02: Carbohydrate Metabolism
  260. 5.24.03: Lipid Metabolism
  261. 5.24.04: Protein Metabolism
  262. 5.24.05: Metabolic States of the Body
  263. 5.24.06: Energy and Heat Balance
  264. 5.24.07: Nutrition and Diet
  265. 5.24.08: Key Terms
  266. 5.24.09: Chapter 24 Guided Notes and Lecture Slides
  267. 5.25: The Urinary System
  268. 5.25.00: Introduction
  269. 5.25.01: Physical Characteristics of Urine
  270. 5.25.02: Gross Anatomy of Urine Transport
  271. 5.25.03: Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
  272. 5.25.04: Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
  273. 5.25.05: Physiology of Urine Formation
  274. 5.25.06: Tubular Reabsorption
  275. 5.25.07: Regulation of Renal Blood Flow
  276. 5.25.08: Endocrine Regulation of Kidney Function
  277. 5.25.09: Regulation of Fluid Volume and Composition
  278. 5.25.10: The Urinary System and Homeostasis
  279. 5.25.11: Key Terms
  280. 5.25.12: Chapter 25 Guided Notes and Lecture Slides
  281. 5.26: Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance
  282. 5.26.00: Introduction
  283. 5.26.01: Body Fluids and Fluid Compartment
  284. 5.26.02: Water Balance
  285. 5.26.03: Electrolyte Balance
  286. 5.26.04: Acid-Base Balance
  287. 5.26.05: Disorders of Acid-Base Balance
  288. 5.26.06: Key Terms
  289. 5.26.07: Interactive Link Questions
  290. 5.26.08: Chapter 26 Guided Notes and Lecture Slides
  291. 06: Human Development and the Continuity of Life
  292. 6.27: The Reproductive System
  293. 6.27.00: Introduction
  294. 6.27.01: Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
  295. 6.27.02: Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
  296. 6.27.03: Development of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems
  297. 6.27.04: Key Terms
  298. 6.27.05: Interactive Link Questions
  299. 6.27.06: Chapter 27 Guided Notes and Lecture Slides
  300. 6.28: Development and Inheritance
  301. 6.28.00: Introduction
  302. 6.28.01: Fertilization
  303. 6.28.02: Embryonic Development
  304. 6.28.03: Fetal Development
  305. 6.28.04: Changes During Pregnancy Labor and Birth
  306. 6.28.05: Adjustments of the Infant at Birth and Postnatal Stages
  307. 6.28.06: Lactation
  308. 6.28.07: Patterns of Inheritance
  309. 6.28.08: Key Terms
  310. 6.28.09: Interactive Link Questions
  311. 6.28.10: Chapter 28 Guided Notes and Lecture Slides