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Public Speaking

In this text, students learn the theoretical and practical skills they need to deliver effective, well-researched oral presentations. The text covers essential communication skills including listening and feedback, audience analysis, research and information literacy, and ethics. It offers practical advice about making one’s voice heard (literally and figuratively), and introduces students to the major speech types, including informative, persuasive, and special occasion speeches.

Communication Social Sciences

Author: Lumen Learning
Publisher: LibreTexts
Source: LibreTexts
License: CC BY
Language: EN
Category: Basic Sciences

Read online Download PDF (open licence)

Contents· 327 sections

01: Introduction to Public Speaking
1.00: Why It Matters- Introduction to Public Speaking
1.01: Introduction to Speaking Effectively
1.02: The Benefits of Public Speaking
1.03: What Is Communication
1.04: Elements in a Speech
1.05: The Goals of a Speech
1.06: Introduction to Speaking Confidently
1.07: What Is Communication Apprehension
1.08: What Causes Communication Apprehension
1.09: Reducing Communication Apprehension
1.10: Introduction to Speaking to Advocate and Activate
1.11: Speaking as Civic Engagement
1.12: Speaking for Change
1.13: Introduction to Evolutions of Public Speaking
1.14: Rhetoric in the Ancient World
1.15: Public Speaking Medieval to Modern
1.16: Public Speaking and Social Movements in the United States 17301900
1.17: Public Speaking and Social Movements in the United States 19002020
1.18: Technologies of Public Communication
1.19: Putting It Together- Introduction to Public Speaking
1.20: Assignment- Assessing and Deflecting Communication Apprehension
1.21: Discussion- Speaking for Advocacy
02: Ethical Speech
2.00: Why It Matters- Ethical Speech
2.01: Introduction to Ethical Dimensions of Public Speaking
2.02: Ethics Morals and Legality
2.03: Ethics in Public Speaking
2.04: Bias and Conflict of Interest
2.05: Introduction to Free Speech and the Ethical Use of Language
2.06: Inclusive Language
2.07: Hate Speech
2.08: Free Speech
2.09: Introduction to Originality Citation and Plagiarism
2.10: What Is Plagiarism
2.11: Citing Sources in a Speech
2.12: Quoting and Paraphrasing
2.13: Putting It Together- Ethical Speech
2.14: Discussion- Ethical Dilemmas in Public Speaking
2.15: Assignment- Ethical Dilemmas
03: Listening and Responding
3.00: Why It Matters- Listening and Responding
3.01: Introduction To Active Listening
3.02: Hearing versus Listening
3.03: Types of Listening
3.04: The Three As of Active Listening
3.05: Benefits of Listening
3.06: Introduction to Strategies to Enhance Listening
3.07: Barriers to Effective Listening
3.08: Identify and Reduce Distractions
3.09: Keeping an Open Mind
3.10: Come Prepared
3.11: Take Notes
3.12: Introduction to Feedback
3.13: Three Kinds of Feedback
3.14: Feedback While Speaking
3.15: Elements of Effective Feedback
3.16: Providing Feedback
3.17: Putting It Together- Listening and Responding
3.18: Assignment- Listening and Obstacles to Listening
3.19: Discussion- Listening
04: Considering the Audience
4.00: Why It Matters- Considering the Audience
4.01: Introduction to What Is Audience Analysis
4.02: Tailoring Your Speech to the Audience
4.03: Factors to Consider in Audience Analysis
4.04: Types of Audience Analysis
4.05: Gathering Information about Your Audience
4.06: Demographic Characteristics
4.07: Introduction to Adapting to the Audience
4.08: Using Your Audience Analysis
4.09: During the Speech- Adapting to the Audience
4.10: After the Speech- Learning from the Audience
4.11: Introduction to Diverse and Multicultural Audiences
4.12: Every Audience Is Diverse
4.13: Cultural Differences and Multicultural Audiences
4.14: Ethnocentrism and Cultural Appropriation
4.15: Cultural Competence
4.16: Putting It Together- Considering the Audience
4.17: Assignment- Audience Analysis and Application
4.18: Discussion- Understanding Your Audience
05: Choosing and Researching a Topic
5.00: Why It Matters- Choosing and Researching a Topic
5.01: Introduction to Choosing a Topic
5.02: Choosing a Topic
5.03: Narrowing Your Topic
5.04: Finding the Purpose and Central Idea of Your Speech
5.05: Introduction to Researching and Supporting Your Ideas
5.06: Supporting Materials
5.07: Finding Support for Your Speech
5.08: Assessing the Quality of Supporting Material
5.09: Taking Notes and Tracking Sources
5.10: Introduction to Data and Statistics
5.11: Statistical Terms and Concepts
5.12: The Use and Misuse of Statistics
5.13: Using Statistics and Data in Your Speech
5.14: Putting It Together- Choosing and Researching a Topic
5.15: Assignment- Gathering Quality Material to Build a Speech
5.16: Discussion- Selecting a Speech Topic
06: Organizing and Outlining Your Speech
6.00: Why It Matters- Organizing and Outlining Your Speech
6.01: Introduction to Organizing Your Speech
6.02: Organizing Your Ideas
6.03: Topical Organization
6.04: Chronological Step-by-Step and Spatial Organization
6.05: Paired Sequences
6.06: Introduction to Outlining Your Speech
6.07: The Speech Outline
6.08: Parts of the Speech Outline
6.09: Methods of Speech Delivery
6.10: The Speaking Outline
6.11: Introduction to Documenting Your Sources
6.12: Develop a Preliminary Bibliography
6.13: MLA Works Cited
6.14: APA References
6.15: Develop an Annotated Bibliography
6.16: Putting It Together- Organizing and Outlining Your Speech
6.17: Assignment- Outlining a Speech
6.18: Discussion- Organizational Patterns
07: Refining your Speech
7.00: Why It Matters- Refining Your Speech
7.01: Introduction to Introductions
7.02: Purpose of a Speech Introduction
7.03: Types of Introductions
7.04: Writing and Revising the Introduction
7.05: Introduction to Conclusions
7.06: Purpose of a Speech Conclusion
7.07: Types of Conclusions
7.08: Writing and Revising the Conclusion
7.09: Introduction to Connectors and Transitions
7.10: Purpose of Connectors and Transitions
7.11: Types of Connectors and Transitions
7.12: Revising Connectors and Transitions
7.13: Introduction to Language and Style
7.14: Oral versus Written Style
7.15: Choosing Words Well
7.16: Language Pitfalls
7.17: Putting It Together- Refining Your Speech
7.18: Assignment- Oral versus Written Style
7.19: Discussion- Attention-Getters
08: Delivering Your Speech
8.00: Why It Matters- Delivering Your Speech
8.01: Introduction to Vocal Aspects of Delivery
8.02: Breath
8.03: Articulation Pitch and Rate
8.04: Emphasis Volume and Pauses
8.05: Speech Challenges
8.06: Introduction to Nonverbal Aspects of Delivery
8.07: Personal Appearance
8.08: Gestures and Movement
8.09: Facial Expressions and Eye Contact
8.10: Introduction to Preparation Practice and Delivery
8.11: Mastering the Location
8.12: Working with Equipment
8.13: Rehearsing Your Speech
8.14: Putting It Together- Delivering Your Speech
8.15: Assignment- Practice Speech
8.16: Discussion- Delivery
09: Informative Speaking
9.00: Why It Matters- Informative Speaking
9.01: Introduction to What Is an Informative speech
9.02: Objectives of an Informative Speech
9.03: Informing the Audience
9.04: Introduction to Types of Informative Speeches
9.05: Informative Speeches about Objects Processes and Concepts
9.06: Informative Speeches about Events and People
9.07: Introduction to Building an Informative Speech
9.08: Selecting a Topic for an Informative Speech
9.09: Organizing the Informative Speech
9.10: Supporting the Informative Speech
9.11: Language in an Informational Speech
9.12: Putting It Together- Informative Speaking
9.13: Assignment- Informative Speech Purpose and Structure
9.14: Discussion- Pre-Existing Knowledge
10: Persuasive Speaking
10.00: Why It Matters- Persuasive Speaking
10.01: Introduction to Speaking to Persuade
10.02: What Is a Persuasive Speech
10.03: Structure of a Persuasive Speech
10.04: Monroes Motivated Sequence
10.05: Needs Values and Motivation
10.06: Introduction to Credibility and Evidence
10.07: Establishing Credibility
10.08: Evidence in a Persuasive Speech
10.09: Errors and Fallacies
10.10: Barriers to Persuading an Audience
10.11: Introduction to Persuasive Strategies
10.12: Persuasive Strategies Using Ethos
10.13: Persuasive Strategies Using Logos
10.14: Persuasive Strategies Using Pathos
10.15: Putting It Together- Persuasive Speaking
10.16: Assignment- Ethos Pathos Logos
10.17: Discussion- Identifying Possible Appeals for Persuasive Speaking
11: Speaking to Entertain and for Special Occasions
11.00: Why It Matters- Speaking to Entertain and for Special Occasions
11.01: Introduction to Speaking on Special Occasions
11.02: Adapting Your Speech for the Occasion
11.03: Different Language for Different Situations
11.04: Humor in Public Speaking
11.05: Preparing and Delivering the Special-Occasion Speech
11.06: Introduction to Speeches about People- Toasts Roasts and Eulogies
11.07: Toasts
11.08: Roasts
11.09: Eulogies
11.10: Introduction to Speakers Awards and Events
11.11: Award and Acceptance Speeches
11.12: Introducing a Speaker
11.13: The Master of Ceremonies
11.14: Putting It Together- Speaking to Entertain and for Special Occasions
11.15: Assignment- Practice Special Occasion Speaking
11.16: Discussion- Special Occasions
12: Public Speaking Online
12.00: Why It Matters- Public Speaking Online
12.01: Introduction to Speaking Online
12.02: Online versus Face-to-Face
12.03: Synchronous and Asynchronous
12.04: Verbal Communication Online
12.05: Nonverbal and Technical Aspects of Communication Online
12.06: Introduction to the Online Audience
12.07: Engaging the Online Audience
12.08: Eliminating Distractions
12.09: Presentation Aids Online
12.10: Introduction to Scenarios of Online Speech
12.11: Webinars
12.12: Online Meetings
12.13: Online Interviews
12.14: Putting It Together- Public Speaking Online
12.15: Assignment- Engaging the Audience Online
12.16: Discussion- Challenges of Online Communication
13: Public Speaking on the Job
13.00: Why It Matters- Public Speaking on the Job
13.01: Introduction to Interviews
13.02: Informational Interviews
13.03: Preparing for a Job Interview
13.04: Interview Situations
13.05: Interview Questions
13.06: Interviewing Others
13.07: Introduction to Presentations
13.08: Effective Presentations
13.09: Bad Presentations
13.10: Making a Presentation for a Meeting
13.11: Introduction to Meetings
13.12: Writing an Agenda
13.13: Running a Meeting
13.14: Pitching an Idea
13.15: Putting It Together- Public Speaking on the Job
13.16: Assignment- Creating an Agenda
13.17: Discussion- Pitching an Idea
14: Small Group Communication
14.00: Why It Matters- Small Group Communication
14.01: Introduction to Group Dynamics
14.02: Small Group Characteristics
14.03: Types of Groups
14.04: Roles in Small Groups
14.05: Challenges of Small Group Dynamics
14.06: Benefits of Small Group Work
14.07: Introduction to Group Meetings
14.08: Planning Small Group Meetings
14.09: Managing Small Group Meetings
14.10: Leadership in Small Groups
14.11: Introduction to Group Development and Communication
14.12: The Five Development Stages of Groups
14.13: The Reflective-Thinking Method for Decision-Making
14.14: Small Group Discussions
14.15: Presenting as a Group
14.16: Putting It Together- Small Group Communication
14.17: Assignment- Working in Groups
14.18: Discussion- Group Roles
15: Creating and Using Presentation Aids
15.00: Why It Matters- Creating and Using Presentation Aids
15.01: Introduction to Effective Visual Aids
15.02: Does Your Presentation Need Visuals
15.03: Why Use Visual Aids
15.04: Introduction to Types of Visual Aid
15.05: Objects Props and Personal Appearance as Visual Aids
15.06: Demonstrations
15.07: Posters Flip Charts Whiteboards and Handouts
15.08: Audio and Video
15.09: Introduction to Slideware
15.10: Types of Slide Presentations
15.11: PowerPoint Basics
15.12: Google Slides Basics
15.13: Introduction to Slide Design
15.14: Design Principles
15.15: Slide Layout
15.16: Slide Layout- Images and Charts
15.17: Slide Accessibility
15.18: Putting It Together- Creating and Using Presentation Aids
15.19: Assignment- Practice Slide Deck Creation
15.20: Discussion- Visual Aids
16: Resources- Capstone Project
16.00: Capstone- Topic Purpose and Central Idea
16.01: Capstone- Researching Your Speech
16.02: Capstone- Organizing and Outlining Your Ideas
16.03: Capstone- Rehearsing Your Speech
16.04: Capstone- Delivering Your Speech
17: Resources- Discussions and Assignments
17.00: Module 1 Assignment- Assessing and Deflecting Communication Apprehension
17.01: Module 1 Discussion- Speaking for Advocacy
17.02: Module 2 Discussion- Ethical Dilemmas in Public Speaking
17.03: Module 2 Assignment- Ethical Dilemmas
17.04: Module 3 Assignment- Listening and Obstacles to Listening
17.05: Module 3 Discussion- Listening
17.06: Module 4 Assignment- Audience Analysis and Application
17.07: Module 4 Discussion- Understanding Your Audience
17.08: Module 5 Assignment- Gathering Quality Material to Build a Speech
17.09: Module 5 Discussion- Selecting a Speech Topic
17.10: Module 6 Assignment- Outlining a Speech
17.11: Module 6 Discussion- Organizational Patterns
17.12: Module 7 Assignment- Oral versus Written Style
17.13: Module 7 Discussion- Attention-Getters
17.14: Module 8 Assignment- Practice Speech
17.15: Module 8 Discussion- Delivery
17.16: Module 9 Assignment- Informative Speech Purpose and Structure
17.17: Module 9 Discussion- Pre-Existing Knowledge
17.18: Module 10 Assignment- Ethos Pathos Logos
17.19: Module 10 Discussion- Identifying Possible Appeals for Persuasive Speaking
17.20: Module 11 Assignment- Practice Special Occasion Speaking
17.21: Module 11 Discussion- Special Occasions
17.22: Module 12 Assignment- Engaging the Audience Online
17.23: Module 12 Discussion- Challenges of Online Communication
17.24: Module 13 Assignment- Creating an Agenda
17.25: Module 13 Discussion- Pitching an Idea
17.26: Module 14 Assignment- Working in Groups
17.27: Module 14 Discussion- Group Roles
17.28: Module 15 Assignment- Practice Slide Deck Creation
17.29: Module 15 Discussion- Visual Aids