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General Human Anatomy (Lange et al.)

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General Human Anatomy (Lange et al.)

The purpose of this textbook is to serve as a resource for students who are taking a first semester human anatomy course. All efforts were made to ensure the material covered in this resource is consistent, accurate, and accessible. This material was also designed to be equitable, diverse, and inclusive. (Thumbnail Image credit: "Lynch - Drawing Superficial subcutaneous structures of the face and neck - no labels" at AnatomyTOOL.org by Patrick J. Lynch and C. Carl Jaffe, license: CC BY.)

Anatomy and PhysiologyMedicine
Author
Jennifer Lange et al.
Publisher
LibreTexts
Source
LibreTexts
License
CC BY-NC-SA
Language
EN
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 203 sections
  1. 01: An Introduction to the Human Body
  2. 1.01: Introduction to the Human Body
  3. 1.02: Overview of Anatomy
  4. 1.03: Structural Organization of the Human Body
  5. 1.04: Anatomical Terminology
  6. 1.05: Medical Imaging
  7. 1.06: Anatomical Atlas - Anatomical Terminology
  8. 1.07: Practice Practical - Anatomy Introduction
  9. 02: Cellular Level of Organization
  10. 2.01: Introduction to the Cellular Level of Organization
  11. 2.02: The Cell Membrane
  12. 2.03: The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
  13. 2.04: The Nucleus
  14. 2.05: Cell Growth and Division
  15. 2.06: Cellular Differentiation
  16. 03: Tissue Level of Organization
  17. 3.01: Introduction to the Tissue Level of Organization
  18. 3.02: Types of Tissues
  19. 3.03: Epithelial Tissue
  20. 3.04: Connective Tissue
  21. 3.05: Muscle Tissue
  22. 3.06: Nervous Tissue
  23. 3.07: Tissue Injury and Aging
  24. 3.08: Anatomical Atlas - Tissues
  25. 3.09: Practice Practical- Tissues
  26. 04: Integumentary System
  27. 4.01: Introduction to the Integumentary System
  28. 4.02: Layers of the Skin
  29. 4.03: Accessory Structures of the Skin
  30. 4.04: Functions of the Integumentary System
  31. 4.05: Diseases Disorders and Injuries of the Integumentary System
  32. 4.06: Anatomical Atlas - Integumentary System
  33. 4.07: Practice Practical - Integumentary System
  34. 05: Bone Tissue and Skeletal System
  35. 5.01: Introduction to Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System
  36. 5.02: Functions of the Skeletal System
  37. 5.03: Bone Structure
  38. 5.04: Bone Formation and Development
  39. 5.05: Fractures and Bone Repair
  40. 5.06: Exercise Nutrition Hormones and Bone Tissue Health
  41. 5.07: Bone Classification
  42. 5.08: Anatomical Atlas - Bone Tissue and Bone Structure
  43. 5.09: Practice Practical - Bone Tissue and Bone Structure
  44. 06: Axial and Appendicular Skeleton
  45. 6.01: Introduction to the Skeleton System
  46. 6.02: Divisions of the Skeletal System
  47. 6.03: The Skull
  48. 6.04: The Vertebral Column
  49. 6.05: The Thoracic Cage
  50. 6.06: The Pectoral Girdle
  51. 6.07: Bones of the Upper Limb
  52. 6.08: The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
  53. 6.09: Bones of the Lower Limb
  54. 6.10: Embryonic Development of the Skeleton
  55. 6.11: Anatomical Atlas - Skeleton
  56. 6.12: Practice Practical - Skeleton
  57. 07: Joints
  58. 7.01: Introduction
  59. 7.02: Classification of Joints
  60. 7.03: Synovial Joints
  61. 7.04: Types of Body Movements
  62. 7.05: Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
  63. 7.06: Diseases and Injuries of Joints
  64. 7.07: Anatomical Atlas - Joints
  65. 7.08: Practice Practical - Joints
  66. 08: Muscle Tissues and Muscle Structure
  67. 8.01: Introduction to Muscle Tissue
  68. 8.02: Muscle Tissues
  69. 8.03: Skeletal Muscle Organ Structure
  70. 8.04: Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue
  71. 8.05: Anatomical Atlas - Muscle Tissues
  72. 8.06: Practice Practical- Muscle Tissues
  73. 09: Muscular System
  74. 9.01: Introduction to the Muscular System
  75. 9.02: Interactions of Skeletal Muscles Their Fascicle Arrangement and Their Lever Systems
  76. 9.03: Naming Skeletal Muscles
  77. 9.04: Axial Muscles of the Head Neck and Back
  78. 9.05: Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall and Thorax
  79. 9.06: Appendicular Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
  80. 9.07: Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
  81. 9.08: Anatomical Atlas - Muscular System
  82. 9.09: Practice Practical- Muscles
  83. 10: Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
  84. 10.01: Introduction to the Nervous System
  85. 10.02: Organization and Functions of the Nervous System
  86. 10.03: Anatomy of Nervous Tissue
  87. 10.04: Synapses
  88. 10.05: Development of the Nervous System
  89. 10.06: Anatomical Atlas - Nervous Tissue
  90. 10.07: Practice Practical - Nervous Tissue
  91. 11: Central Nervous System
  92. 11.01: Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  93. 11.02: Support and Protection of the Brain
  94. 11.03: Brain - Cerebrum
  95. 11.04: Brain - Diencephalon Brainstem Cerebellum and Limbic System
  96. 11.05: Spinal Cord
  97. 11.06: Anatomical Atlas - Central Nervous System
  98. 11.07: Practice Practical - Central Nervous System
  99. 12: Peripheral Nervous System
  100. 12.01: Introduction to the Peripheral Nervous System
  101. 12.02: Nerve and Ganglion Structure
  102. 12.03: Cranial Nerves
  103. 12.04: Spinal Nerves and Their Branches
  104. 12.05: Anatomical Atlas - Peripheral Nervous System
  105. 12.06: Practice Practical
  106. 13: Somatic Senses
  107. 13.01: Introduction to the Somatic Senses
  108. 13.02: Sensory Modalities and General Senses
  109. 13.03: Hearing and Balance
  110. 13.04: Vision
  111. 13.05: Taste and Smell
  112. 13.06: Anatomical Atlas - Somatic Senses
  113. 13.07: Practice Practical - Somatic Senses
  114. 14: Autonomic Nervous System
  115. 14.01: Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System
  116. 14.02: Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
  117. 14.03: Autonomic Synapses and Effects
  118. 14.04: Central Control of Autonomic Function
  119. 14.05: Anatomical Atlas - Autonomic Nervous System
  120. 14.06: Practice Practical - ANS
  121. 15: Endocrine System
  122. 15.01: Introduction to the Endocrine System
  123. 15.02: An Overview of the Endocrine System
  124. 15.03: Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
  125. 15.04: Thyroid Gland and Parathyroid Glands
  126. 15.05: Adrenal Glands
  127. 15.06: Pineal Gland
  128. 15.07: Gonadal and Placental Hormones
  129. 15.08: Endocrine Pancreas
  130. 15.09: Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions
  131. 15.10: Development and Aging of the Endocrine System
  132. 15.11: Anatomical Atlas - Endocrine System
  133. 15.12: Practice Practical- Endocrine System
  134. 16: Cardiovascular System - Blood
  135. 16.01: Introduction to Blood
  136. 16.02: An Overview of Blood
  137. 16.03: Erythrocytes
  138. 16.04: Leukocytes and Platelets
  139. 16.05: Production of the Formed Elements
  140. 16.06: Anatomical Atlas - Blood
  141. 16.07: Practice Practical- Blood
  142. 17: Cardiovascular System - Heart
  143. 17.01: Introduction to the Heart
  144. 17.02: Heart Anatomy
  145. 17.03: Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
  146. 17.04: Coronary Circulation
  147. 17.05: Development of the Heart
  148. 17.06: Anatomical Atlas - Heart
  149. 17.07: Practice Practical- Heart
  150. 18: Cardiovascular System - Blood Vessels
  151. 18.01: Introduction to Blood Vessels and Circulation
  152. 18.02: Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
  153. 18.03: Circulatory Pathways
  154. 18.04: Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation
  155. 18.05: Anatomical Atlas - Blood Vessels and Circulation
  156. 18.06: Practice Practical- Blood Vessels and Circulation
  157. 19: Lymphatic System
  158. 19.01: Introduction to the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
  159. 19.02: Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
  160. 19.03: Anatomy of Lymphatic Vessels
  161. 19.04: Anatomy of Lymphatic Organs and Tissues
  162. 19.05: Anatomical Atlas - Lymphatic and Immune System
  163. 19.06: Practice Practical- Lymphatic and Immune System
  164. 20: Respiratory System
  165. 20.01: Introduction to the Respiratory System
  166. 20.02: The Lungs
  167. 20.03: Conducting Zone
  168. 20.04: Respiratory Zone
  169. 20.05: Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System
  170. 20.06: Anatomical Atlas - Respiratory System
  171. 20.07: Practice Practical - the Respiratory System
  172. 21: Digestive System
  173. 21.01: Introduction to the Digestive System
  174. 21.02: Organs of the Digestive System
  175. 21.03: Digestive System Processes and Regulation
  176. 21.04: Mouth Pharynx and Esophagus
  177. 21.05: Stomach
  178. 21.06: Small and Large Intestines
  179. 21.07: Accessory Organs in Digestion- Liver Pancreas and Gallbladder
  180. 21.08: Anatomical Atlas - Digestive System
  181. 21.09: Practice Practical- Digestive system
  182. 22: Urinary System
  183. 22.01: Introduction to the Urinary System
  184. 22.02: Overview of the Kidney
  185. 22.03: Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
  186. 22.04: Urinary Tract
  187. 22.05: Anatomical Atlas - Urinary System
  188. 22.06: Practice Practical- Urinary System
  189. 23: Reproductive Systems
  190. 23.01: Introduction to the Reproductive System
  191. 23.02: Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System
  192. 23.03: Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System
  193. 23.04: Development of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems
  194. 23.05: Practice Practical- the Reproductive System
  195. 23.06: Anatomical Atlas - Reproductive Systems
  196. 24: Embryology and Fetal Development
  197. 24.01: Overview of Embryology and Fetal Development
  198. 24.02: Fertilization
  199. 24.03: Embryonic Development
  200. 24.04: Fetal Development
  201. 24.05: Maternal Changes During Pregnancy Labor and Birth
  202. 24.06: Adjustments of the Infant at Birth and Postnatal Stages
  203. 24.07: Lactation