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Appearance and Behavior: A Sociology of Race and Ethnicity

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Appearance and Behavior: A Sociology of Race and Ethnicity

Social Sciences
Author
Salvador Jiménez Murguía
Publisher
Taft College
Source
LibreTexts
License
CC BY-NC-SA
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 169 sections
  1. 01: An Introduction to Race and Ethnicity
  2. 1.01: Of Social Institutions Race Ethnicity Dogs and Cats
  3. 1.02: Defining Race and Ethnicity
  4. 1.03: A Sociological Overview of Race Ethnicity and Social Constructions
  5. 1.04: The Takeaway
  6. 1.05: References
  7. 02: Sociological Theory
  8. 2.01: Of Theories and Bicycles
  9. 2.02: Three Sociological Theoretical Perspectives
  10. 2.03: Structural Functionalism
  11. 2.04: Conflict Theory
  12. 2.05: Symbolic Interactionism
  13. 2.06: The Takeaway
  14. 2.07: References
  15. 03: Research Methods
  16. 3.01: From Methodos to Methods
  17. 3.02: Three General Research Methods
  18. 3.03: The Takeaway
  19. 3.04: References
  20. 04: A Sociological History of Race and Ethnicity
  21. 4.01: No History is Linear
  22. 4.02: The Foundational Era- Scientific Racism and the Du Boisian Challenge (Late 19th - Early 20th Century)
  23. 4.03: Social Darwinism and Scientific Racism
  24. 4.04: The Chicago School and Assimilation Theory
  25. 4.05: The Du Boisian Seminal Challenge
  26. 4.06: The Mid-Century Shift- Assimilations Peak and its Critical Challenges (1940s - 1960s)
  27. 4.07: The Orthodoxy of Assimilation
  28. 4.08: The Emergence of Power-Conflict Theories
  29. 4.09: The Paradigm Shift- Structural Racism and the Ethnic Revival (1970s - 1980s)
  30. 4.10: The Theory of Racial Formation
  31. 4.11: Critical Race Theory (CRT)
  32. 4.12: Symbolic Ethnicity and the Primordialist-Instrumentalist Debate
  33. 4.13: Contemporary Developments- Intersectionality Color-Blindness and Global Racism (1990s - Present)
  34. 4.14: Intersectionality
  35. 4.15: Systemic Racism
  36. 4.16: The Study of Color-Blind Racism
  37. 4.17: Global and Comparative Perspectives
  38. 4.18: The Takeaway
  39. 4.19: References
  40. 05: Science and Knowledge
  41. 5.01: The Racialization of Scientific Progress
  42. 5.02: Science Race and Racism- A Sociological Examination
  43. 5.03: The Historical Construction of Race in Science
  44. 5.04: Race as a Social Construct
  45. 5.05: Scientific Racism in the Modern Era
  46. 5.06: The Actual Science of Race- Skin Pigmentation and Trichromatic Photoreception
  47. 5.07: The Biochemical and Evolutionary Foundations of Skin Color
  48. 5.08: The Physiology of Color Vision- Constructing Visual Reality
  49. 5.09: The Social Alchemy- From Biological Continuum to Social Hierarchy
  50. 5.10: The Takeaway
  51. 5.11: References
  52. 06: Norms Traditions and Culture
  53. 6.01: The Mosaic Within- Cultural Norms Traditions and Identity in Four American Ethno-Racial Communities
  54. 6.02: Latinx Americans- Familismo Faith and Hybridity
  55. 6.03: Familismo as a Foundational Norm
  56. 6.04: Religious Syncretism and Popular Religiosity
  57. 6.05: Linguistic and Cultural Hybridity- Spanglish and Beyond
  58. 6.06: Asian Americans- The Model Minority Myth Confucian Values and Panethnicity
  59. 6.07: Deconstructing the Model Minority Myth
  60. 6.08: Confucian and Other Cultural Foundations
  61. 6.09: Transnational Ties and the Creation of Ethnoburbs
  62. 6.10: African Americans- Cultural Resilience Innovation and the Black Public Sphere
  63. 6.11: The Black Church and the Ethos of Freedom
  64. 6.12: Kinship and Community Norms
  65. 6.13: Aesthetic Innovation- From Blues to Hip-Hop
  66. 6.14: Language and Communicative Practices
  67. 6.15: Indigenous Americans- Sovereignty Land and Cultural Revitalization
  68. 6.16: The Primacy of Sovereignty and Land
  69. 6.17: Cultural Trauma and Historical Legacy
  70. 6.18: Ceremonial Life and Worldview
  71. 6.19: Visual and Narrative Sovereignty
  72. 6.20: Comparative Analysis- Intersectionality and the Evolving American Mosaic
  73. 6.21: The Takeaway
  74. 6.22: References
  75. 07: Marriage Family and Relationships
  76. 7.01: The Intimate Mosaic- Marriage Family and Kinship Across Racial and Ethnic Lines
  77. 7.02: Theoretical Frameworks- Understanding the Family-Race Nexus
  78. 7.03: Historical Legacies and Their Contemporary Echoes
  79. 7.04: African American Families and the Aftermath of Slavery
  80. 7.05: Indigenous American Families and Cultural Genocide
  81. 7.06: Latino and Asian American Families and Immigration Law
  82. 7.07: Marriage Patterns and Mate Selection
  83. 7.08: Intermarriage and Assimilation
  84. 7.09: Kinship Gender and Family Norms
  85. 7.10: Parenting and Ethnic-Racial Socialization
  86. 7.11: Contemporary Challenges and Adaptations
  87. 7.12: The Impact of Mass Incarceration
  88. 7.13: The Growth of Multiracial Families
  89. 7.14: The Takeaway
  90. 7.15: References
  91. 08: Faith Belief and Religion
  92. 8.01: Sacred Ties- The Intersection of Faith Race and Ethnicity in America
  93. 8.02: Religion as a Source of Social Cohesion and Identity
  94. 8.03: Religion as a Site of Conflict and Domination
  95. 8.04: Religion as a Tool Kit for Meaning-Making
  96. 8.05: African American Religion- The Black Church as a Fortress of Community
  97. 8.06: Religious Expression and Theodicy
  98. 8.07: Diversity Within Black Religion
  99. 8.08: Latinx Religiosity- Mestizaje and Lived Faith
  100. 8.09: Asian American Religions- Diversity Adaptation and the Second-Generation
  101. 8.10: The Second-Generation Complex
  102. 8.11: The Model Minority and Religious Stereotypes
  103. 8.12: Indigenous American Spiritualities- Land Sovereignty and Decolonization
  104. 8.13: Comparative Analysis and Emerging Trends
  105. 8.14: The Takeaway
  106. 8.15: References
  107. 09: Government Law and Politics
  108. 9.01: Race Ethnicity and the American Political-Legal System
  109. 9.02: Theoretical Frameworks- The State as a Racial Project
  110. 9.03: A Historical Legacy- The Legal Construction of Race
  111. 9.04: The Civil Rights Movement as a Counter-Project
  112. 9.05: Contemporary Legal-Political Battlegrounds
  113. 9.06: Affirmative Action and the Myth of Colorblindness
  114. 9.07: Resistance and Mobilization- Politics from Below
  115. 9.08: The Takeaway
  116. 9.09: References
  117. 10: Deviance Crime and Disrepute
  118. 10.01: The Racialization of Crime and Social Control
  119. 10.02: The Social Construction of Deviance and Crime
  120. 10.03: Conflict Theory and the Racial Politics of Crime
  121. 10.04: Interactionism and the Question of Definition
  122. 10.05: The Racialization of Crime and Deviance- Historical Foundations of Racial Criminalization
  123. 10.06: Social Ecology and Concentrated Disadvantage
  124. 10.07: Racial Invariance Hypothesis and Structural Inequality
  125. 10.08: Policing Prosecution and Sentencing- Racial Disparities in Legal Processing
  126. 10.09: Prosecutorial Discretion and Charging Decisions
  127. 10.10: Sentencing Disparities and Mandatory Minimums
  128. 10.11: Collateral Consequences and Community Impacts
  129. 10.12: Intersectionality- Race Gender and Incarceration
  130. 10.13: Resistance Reform and Paths Forward- Social Movements and Advocacy
  131. 10.14: Evidence-Based Policy Reforms
  132. 10.15: Restorative and Transformative Justice Approaches
  133. 10.16: The Takeaway
  134. 10.17: References
  135. 11: Labor Employment and Economy
  136. 11.01: The Persistence of Racial Inequality in the American Workplace
  137. 11.02: Theoretical Foundations- Understanding Race in the Labor Market
  138. 11.03: Latinx Workers- Between Progress and Precarity
  139. 11.04: African American Workers- The Persistent Crisis of Black Employment
  140. 11.05: Asian American Workers- Beyond the Model Minority
  141. 11.06: Indigenous Workers- Historical Legacies and Contemporary Realities
  142. 11.07: Systemic Barriers- Discrimination Segregation and Wage Gaps Across Groups
  143. 11.08: Policy Resistance and Paths Forward
  144. 11.09: The Takeaway
  145. 11.10: References
  146. 12: Teaching Learning and Education
  147. 12.01: The Color of Knowledge
  148. 12.02: The Illusion of Meritocracy
  149. 12.03: Historical Foundations- Legacies of Exclusion and Control
  150. 12.04: The Architecture of Inequality- Structures Funding and Discipline
  151. 12.05: Curricula Tracking and the Social Dynamics of Achievement
  152. 12.06: Divergent Pathways- Comparative Analysis of Racialized Groups
  153. 12.07: Sites of Resistance and Visions for Transformation
  154. 12.08: The Takeaway
  155. 12.09: References
  156. 13: Popular Culture Mass Culture and Media
  157. 13.01: Racial and Ethnic Formations in the Mediasphere
  158. 13.02: The Mediasphere as a Racial Project
  159. 13.03: Theoretical Lenses- Function Conflict and Symbolic Meaning
  160. 13.04: Racialized Representations- Four Case Studies in American Media
  161. 13.05: African Americans- From Caricature to Contested Visibility
  162. 13.06: Latinx- Between Invisibility and Stereotype
  163. 13.07: Asian Americans- The Peril of the Model Minority Myth
  164. 13.08: Indigenous Peoples- Erasure and Cultural Appropriation.
  165. 13.09: The Digital Turn- Social Media Algorithms and AI
  166. 13.10: Algorithmic Amplification and Digital Redlining
  167. 13.11: Generative AI and the Future of Racial Representation
  168. 13.12: The Takeaway
  169. 13.13: References