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CHM 115: Fundamentals of Chemistry
This textbook is for introductory chemistry with the intent to infuse relevant context into the chemistry including climate change, greenhouse gases, clean water, nuclear power, UV-radiation effects, and technology.
- Publisher
- LibreTexts
- Source
- LibreTexts
- Language
- EN
- Category
- Basic Sciences
Contents· 74 sections
- 01: The Process of Science
- 1.01: Welcome
- 1.02: The Scope of Chemistry
- 1.03: Chemicals Compose Ordinary Things
- 1.04: What is an Argument
- 1.05: The Process of Science
- 1.06: Hypothesis Theories and Laws
- 1.07: Classifying Matter According to Its Composition
- 1.08: Energy
- 1.09: Looking for Patterns- The Periodic Table
- 1.10: The Basic Units of Measurement
- 1.11: Significant Figures - Writing Numbers to Reflect Precision
- 1.12: Significant Figures in Calculations
- 1.13: Problem Solving and Unit Conversions
- 1.14: The Nuclear Atom
- 1.15: The Properties of Protons Neutrons and Electrons
- 1.16: Elements- Defined by Their Number of Protons
- 1.17: Ions
- 1.18: Isotopes - When the Number of Neutrons Varies
- 1.19: Atomic Mass- The Average Mass of an Elements Atoms
- 02: Radiation- Pros and Cons
- 2.01: What is Radiation
- 2.02: The Discovery of Radioactivity
- 2.03: Nuclear Equations
- 2.04: Biological Effects of Radiation
- 2.05: Natural Radioactivity and Half-Life
- 2.06: Fission and Fusion
- 2.07: Radioactivity in Medicine and Other Applications
- 2.08: The Electromagnetic Spectrum
- 2.09: The Bohr Model - Atoms with Orbits
- 2.10: The Quantum-Mechanical Model- Atoms with Orbitals
- 2.11: Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
- 2.12: Arrangements of Electrons
- 2.13: Periodic Trends
- 03: Energy Production
- 3.01: Energy Production
- 3.02: Representing Valence Electrons with Dots
- 3.03: Covalent Bonds
- 3.04: Drawing Lewis Structures for Covalent Compounds
- 3.05: Introduction to Organic Molecules
- 3.06: Resonance - Equivalent Lewis Structures for the Same Molecule
- 3.07: Air Pollutants
- 3.08: Naming Molecular Compounds
- 3.09: Chemical Equations
- 3.10: How to Write Balanced Chemical Equations
- 3.11: The Mole
- 3.12: Stoichiometry
- 3.13: Mole-to-Mole Conversions
- 3.14: Making Molecules- Mole to Mass (or vice versa) and Mass-to-Mass Conversions
- 3.15: Exothermic and Endothermic Processes
- 3.16: Enthalpy
- 3.17: Temperature and Heat
- 3.18: Calorimetry
- 3.19: Climate Change - Too Much Carbon Dioxide
- 04: Water
- 4.01: The Uniqueness of Water
- 4.02: Predicting the Shapes of Molecules
- 4.03: Polarity of Bonds and Molecules
- 4.04: What makes molecules stick together -- Intermolecular Forces
- 4.05: Electron Transfer - Ionic Bonds
- 4.06: Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds
- 4.07: Naming Ionic Compounds
- 4.08: Defining terms associated with solutions
- 4.09: What is a solution
- 4.10: Aqueous Solutions and Solubility - Compounds Dissolved in Water
- 4.11: Quantitative Units of Concentration
- 4.12: Concentrations as Conversion Factors
- 4.13: Dilutions and Concentrations
- 4.14: Types of Chemical Reactions - Single and Double Replacement Reactions
- 4.15: Precipitation Reactions
- 4.16: Arrhenius Acids and Bases
- 4.17: Reactions of Acids and Bases
- 4.18: The pH Scale
- 4.E: Solutions (Exercises)