Phu Xuan University Library
|
PXU E-LIB
Sign in
Essentials of Linguistics 2e

External

Essentials of Linguistics 2e

This text brings together Open Access content from around the web and enhances it with dynamic video lectures about the core areas of theoretical linguistics (phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics), supplemented with discussion of psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic findings. Essentials of Linguistics is suitable for any beginning learner of linguistics.

LinguisticsSocial Sciences
Author
Catherine Anderson, Bronwyn Bjorkman, Derek Denis, Julianne Doner, Margaret Grant, Nathan Sanders, and Ai Taniguchi
Publisher
McMaster University
Source
LibreTexts
License
CC BY-NC-SA
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 176 sections
  1. 01: Human Language and Language Science
  2. 1.01: What even is language
  3. 1.02: What grammars are and aren't
  4. 1.03: Studying language scientifically
  5. 1.04: Thinking about standards and proper grammar
  6. 1.05: Doing harm with language science
  7. 1.06: Doing good with language science
  8. 1.07: Exercise your linguistics skills
  9. 1.08: Three waves of sociolinguistics
  10. 1.09: Summary
  11. 02: Language Power and Privilege
  12. 2.01: Language and identity
  13. 2.02: Language and offence
  14. 2.03: Derogation toxicity and power imbalances
  15. 2.04: The power of names
  16. 2.05: Pronouns language change and the grammar police
  17. 2.06: Linguistic law enforcement
  18. 2.07: Legally enshrined harms
  19. 2.08: Exercise your linguistics skills
  20. 03: Phonetics
  21. 3.01: Modality
  22. 3.02: Speech articulators
  23. 3.03: Describing consonants- Place and phonation
  24. 3.04: Describing consonants- Manner
  25. 3.05: Describing vowels
  26. 3.06: The International Phonetic Alphabet
  27. 3.07: Signed language articulators
  28. 3.08: Describing signs
  29. 3.09: Signed language notation
  30. 3.10: Syllables
  31. 3.11: Stress
  32. 3.12: Tone and intonation
  33. 04: Phonology
  34. 4.01: Phonemes and allophones
  35. 4.02: Phonotactics and natural classes
  36. 4.03: Contrastive distribution and minimal pairs
  37. 4.04: Complementary distribution
  38. 4.05: Phonemic analysis
  39. 4.06: Another example of phonemic analysis
  40. 4.07: Phonological rules
  41. 4.08: Phonological derivations
  42. 4.09: Types of phonological rules
  43. 4.10: Signed language phonology
  44. 05: Morphology
  45. 5.01: What is morphology
  46. 5.02: Roots bases and affixes
  47. 5.03: Morphology beyond affixes
  48. 5.04: Allomorphy
  49. 5.05: Lexical categories
  50. 5.06: Derivational morphology
  51. 5.07: Inflectional morphology
  52. 5.08: Compounding
  53. 5.09: Structural ambiguity in morphology
  54. 5.10: How to draw morphological trees
  55. 5.11: How to solve morphology problems
  56. 5.12: Exercise your linguistics skills
  57. 06: Syntax
  58. 6.01: Syntactic knowledge and grammaticality judgements
  59. 6.02: Word order
  60. 6.03: Structure within the sentence- Phrases heads and selection
  61. 6.04: Identifying phrases- Constituency tests
  62. 6.05: Functional categories
  63. 6.06: Clausal embedding
  64. 6.07: Main clause Yes-No questions
  65. 6.08: Main clause content questions
  66. 6.09: Embedded content questions
  67. 6.10: Arguments and thematic roles
  68. 6.11: Changing argument structure- Causatives and passives
  69. 6.12: Interim summary
  70. 6.13: From constituency to tree diagrams
  71. 6.14: Trees- Introducing X-bar theory
  72. 6.15: Trees- Sentences as TPs
  73. 6.16: Trees- Modifiers as adjuncts
  74. 6.17: Trees- Structural ambiguity
  75. 6.18: Trees- Embedded clauses
  76. 6.19: Trees- Movement
  77. 6.20: Trees- Movement beyond questions
  78. 6.21: Trees- Summary
  79. 6.22: Exercise your linguistics skills.
  80. 07: Semantics
  81. 7.01: Linguistic meaning
  82. 7.02: Compositionality- Why not just syntax
  83. 7.03: What does this sentence mean Entailments vs. implicatures
  84. 7.04: The mental lexicon
  85. 7.05: The nature of lexical meaning
  86. 7.06: Events and thematic roles
  87. 7.07: Countability
  88. 7.08: Individual- vs. stage-level predicates
  89. 7.09: Degrees
  90. 7.10: Why not the dictionary
  91. 7.11: Denotation
  92. 7.12: Introduction to set theory
  93. 7.13: Negative polarity items
  94. 7.14: Summary
  95. 7.15: Exercise your linguistics skills
  96. 08: Pragmatics
  97. 8.01: At-issue vs. non-at-issue meaning
  98. 8.02: Cross-community differences in discourse
  99. 8.03: Semantics and pragmatics in the legal domain
  100. 8.04: Conversational implicatures
  101. 8.05: The Cooperative Principle
  102. 8.06: How inferences arise and neurodiversity in inference making
  103. 8.07: Violating vs. flouting a maxim
  104. 8.08: More about the Cooperative Principle
  105. 8.09: Illocutionary meaning
  106. 8.10: Thinking about illocutionary meaning compositionally
  107. 8.11: What is a context
  108. 8.12: Assertion
  109. 8.13: Question
  110. 8.14: Analysing meaning dynamically
  111. 8.15: Summary (and further questions to consider)
  112. 8.16: Exercise your linguistics skills
  113. 09: Reclaiming Indigenous Languages
  114. 9.01: PreservingMohawk
  115. 9.02: Learning Mohawk
  116. 9.03: Mohawk culture and language
  117. 9.04: Creating materials for teaching Mohawk
  118. 9.05: Speaking Mohawk and reconciliation
  119. 9.06: One view on the future of Indigenous languages
  120. 9.07: Reclaiming Michif
  121. 9.08: Reclaiming Hulquminum
  122. 9.09: Growing up speaking Nishnaabemwin
  123. 9.10: Learning Nishnaabemwin at University
  124. 9.11: Resources for teaching and learning Nishnaabemwin
  125. 10: Language Variation and Change
  126. 10.01: What is variationist sociolinguistics
  127. 10.02: Language varies
  128. 10.03: Language changes
  129. 10.04: Language conveys more than semantic meaning
  130. 10.05: Variationist methods and concepts
  131. 10.06: Sociolinguistic correlations - Place
  132. 10.07: Sociolinguistic correlations - Social status
  133. 10.08: Sociolinguistic correlations - Gender
  134. 10.09: Sociolinguistic correlations - Ethnicity
  135. 10.10: Exercise Your Linguistics Skills
  136. 11: Child Language Acquisition
  137. 11.01: Tiny powerful language learners
  138. 11.02: When does language learning start
  139. 11.03: Phonemic contrast
  140. 11.04: Early language production
  141. 11.05: The Language environment and the so-called word gap
  142. 11.06: Understanding word combinations
  143. 11.07: Syntax in early utterances
  144. 11.08: Developing word meanings
  145. 11.09: Growing up bilingual (or multilingual)
  146. 11.10: Language milestones in the first two years
  147. 11.11: Exercise your linguistics skills
  148. 12: Adult Language Learning
  149. 12.01: Adults are not children
  150. 12.02: Motivations for adult language learners
  151. 12.03: Gaining proficiency
  152. 12.04: Cognitive processes in language learning
  153. 12.05: Learning a New Modality
  154. 12.06: Learning Phonetics and Phonotactics in a Later Language
  155. 12.07: Learning Phonemes and Allophones in a Later Language
  156. 12.08: Exercise your linguistics skills
  157. 13: Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics In progress
  158. 13.01: The mind makes language
  159. 13.02: Evidence for phonemes as mental categories
  160. 13.03: Evidence for language-specific phonology
  161. 13.04: Evidence for top-down effects of word knowledge on perception
  162. 14: Historical Linguistics
  163. 14.01: Why do languages change
  164. 14.02: Lexical change
  165. 14.03: Phonological change
  166. 14.04: Morphological change
  167. 15: PSRs and Flat Tree Structures
  168. 15.01: Phrase Structure Rules
  169. 15.02: Phrase Structure Rules in Other Languages
  170. 15.03: Properties of PSR Trees
  171. 15.04: Structural Ambiguity
  172. 15.05: Head movement in yes-no questions
  173. 15.06: Phrasal movement in wh-questions
  174. 15.07: Draw a Tree Step-by-Step
  175. 16: A history of linguistics
  176. 16.01: Check Yourself Questions