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ol. 3: An Introduction to the Universe

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ol. 3: An Introduction to the Universe

Physics
Author
Neeharika Thakur
Publisher
Prince George's Community College
Source
LibreTexts
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 199 sections
  1. 3.01: The Stars - A Celestial Census
  2. 3.1.01: Thinking Ahead
  3. 3.1.02: A Stellar Census
  4. 3.1.03: Measuring Stellar Masses
  5. 3.1.04: Diameters of Stars
  6. 3.1.05: The H-R Diagram
  7. 3.1.06: Key Terms
  8. 3.1.07: Summary
  9. 3.1.08: For Further Exploration
  10. 3.1.09: Collaborative Group Activities
  11. 3.1.10: Exercises
  12. 3.1.10.01: Review Questions
  13. 3.1.10.02: Thought Questions
  14. 3.1.10.03: Figuring for Yourself
  15. 3.02: Measuring the Properties of Stars
  16. 3.2.01: Analyzing Starlight
  17. 3.2.1.01: Thinking Ahead
  18. 3.2.1.02: The Brightness of Stars
  19. 3.2.1.03: Colors of Stars
  20. 3.2.1.04: The Spectra of Stars (and Brown Dwarfs)
  21. 3.2.1.05: Using Spectra to Measure Stellar Radius Composition and Motion
  22. 3.2.1.06: Key Terms
  23. 3.2.1.07: Summary
  24. 3.2.1.08: For Further Exploration
  25. 3.2.1.09: Collaborative Group Activities
  26. 3.2.1.10: Exercises
  27. 3.2.1.10.01: Review Questions
  28. 3.2.1.10.02: Thought Questions
  29. 3.2.1.10.03: Figuring for Yourself
  30. 3.2.02: Celestial Distances
  31. 3.2.2.01: Thinking Ahead
  32. 3.2.2.02: Fundamental Units of Distance
  33. 3.2.2.03: Surveying the Stars
  34. 3.2.2.04: Variable Stars- One Key to Cosmic Distances
  35. 3.2.2.05: The H-R and Cosmic Distances
  36. 3.2.2.06: Key Terms
  37. 3.2.2.07: Summary
  38. 3.2.2.08: For Further Exploration
  39. 3.2.2.09: Collaborative Group Activities
  40. 3.2.2.10: Exercises
  41. 3.2.2.10.01: Review Questions
  42. 3.2.2.10.02: Thought Questions
  43. 3.2.2.10.03: Figuring for Yourself
  44. 3.03: Between the Stars - Gas and Dust in Space
  45. 3.3.01: Thinking Ahead
  46. 3.3.02: The Interstellar Medium
  47. 3.3.03: Interstellar Gas
  48. 3.3.04: Cosmic Dust
  49. 3.3.05: Cosmic Rays
  50. 3.3.06: The Life Cycle of Cosmic Material
  51. 3.3.07: Interstellar Matter around the Sun
  52. 3.3.08: Key Terms
  53. 3.3.09: Summary
  54. 3.3.10: For Further Exploration
  55. 3.3.11: Collaborative Group Activities
  56. 3.3.12: Exercises
  57. 3.3.12.01: Review Questions
  58. 3.3.12.02: Thought Questions
  59. 3.3.12.03: Figuring for Yourself
  60. 3.04: Stellar Birth and Evolution
  61. 3.4.01: The Birth of Stars and the Discovery of Planets outside the Solar System
  62. 3.4.1.01: Thinking Ahead
  63. 3.4.1.02: Star Formation
  64. 3.4.1.03: The H-R and the Study of Stellar Evolution
  65. 3.4.1.04: Evidence That Planets Form around Other Stars
  66. 3.4.1.05: Planets beyond the Solar System- Search and Discovery
  67. 3.4.1.06: Exoplanets Everywhere - What we are Learning
  68. 3.4.1.07: New Perspectives on Planet Formation
  69. 3.4.1.08: Key Terms
  70. 3.4.1.09: Summary
  71. 3.4.1.10: For Further Exploration
  72. 3.4.1.11: Collaborative Group Activities
  73. 3.4.1.12: Exercises
  74. 3.4.1.12.01: Review Questions
  75. 3.4.1.12.02: Thought Questions
  76. 3.4.1.12.03: Figuring for Yourself
  77. 3.4.02: Stars from Adolescence to Old Age
  78. 3.4.2.01: Thinking Ahead
  79. 3.4.2.02: Evolution from the Main Sequence to Red Giants
  80. 3.4.2.03: Star Clusters
  81. 3.4.2.04: Checking Out the Theory
  82. 3.4.2.05: Further Evolution of Stars
  83. 3.4.2.06: The Evolution of More Massive Stars
  84. 3.4.2.07: Key Terms
  85. 3.4.2.08: Summary
  86. 3.4.2.09: For Further Exploration
  87. 3.4.2.10: Collaborative Group Activities
  88. 3.4.2.11: Exercises
  89. 3.4.2.11.01: Review Questions
  90. 3.4.2.11.02: Thought Questions
  91. 3.4.2.11.03: Figuring for Yourself
  92. 3.4.03: The Death of Stars
  93. 3.4.3.01: Thinking Ahead
  94. 3.4.3.02: The Death of Low-Mass Stars
  95. 3.4.3.03: Evolution of Massive Stars- An Explosive Finish
  96. 3.4.3.04: Supernova Observations
  97. 3.4.3.05: Pulsars and the Discovery of Neutron Stars
  98. 3.4.3.06: The Evolution of Binary Star Systems
  99. 3.4.3.07: The Mystery of the Gamma-Ray Bursts
  100. 3.4.3.08: Key Terms
  101. 3.4.3.09: Summary
  102. 3.4.3.10: For Further Exploration
  103. 3.4.3.11: Collaborative Group Activities
  104. 3.4.3.12: Exercises
  105. 3.4.3.12.01: Review Questions
  106. 3.4.3.12.02: Thought Questions
  107. 3.4.3.12.03: Figuring for Yourself
  108. 3.4.04: Black Holes and Curved Spacetime
  109. 3.4.4.01: Thinking Ahead
  110. 3.4.4.02: Introducing General Relativity
  111. 3.4.4.03: Spacetime and Gravity
  112. 3.4.4.04: Tests of General Relativity
  113. 3.4.4.05: Time in General Relativity
  114. 3.4.4.06: Black Holes
  115. 3.4.4.07: Evidence for Black Holes
  116. 3.4.4.08: Gravitational Wave Astronomy
  117. 3.4.4.09: Key Terms
  118. 3.4.4.10: Summary
  119. 3.4.4.11: For Further Exploration
  120. 3.4.4.12: Collaborative Group Activities
  121. 3.4.4.13: Exercises
  122. 3.4.4.13.01: Review Questions
  123. 3.4.4.13.02: Thought Questions
  124. 3.4.4.13.03: Figuring for Yourself
  125. 3.05: The Milky Way Galaxy
  126. 3.5.01: Thinking Ahead
  127. 3.5.02: The Architecture of the Galaxy
  128. 3.5.03: Spiral Structure
  129. 3.5.04: The Mass of the Galaxy
  130. 3.5.05: The Center of the Galaxy
  131. 3.5.06: Stellar Populations in the Galaxy
  132. 3.5.07: The Formation of the Galaxy
  133. 3.5.08: Key Terms
  134. 3.5.09: Summary
  135. 3.5.10: For Further Exploration
  136. 3.5.11: Collaborative Group Activities
  137. 3.5.12: Exercises
  138. 3.5.12.01: Review Questions
  139. 3.5.12.02: Thought Questions
  140. 3.5.12.03: Figuring for Yourself
  141. 3.06: Galaxies
  142. 3.6.01: Thinking Ahead
  143. 3.6.02: The Discovery of Galaxies
  144. 3.6.03: Types of Galaxies
  145. 3.6.04: Properties of Galaxies
  146. 3.6.05: The Extragalactic Distance Scale
  147. 3.6.06: The Expanding Universe
  148. 3.6.07: Key Terms
  149. 3.6.08: Summary
  150. 3.6.09: For Further Exploration
  151. 3.6.10: Collaborative Group Activities
  152. 3.6.11: Exercises
  153. 3.6.11.01: Review Questions
  154. 3.6.11.02: Thought Questions
  155. 3.6.11.03: Figuring for Yourself
  156. 3.07: Active Galaxies Quasars and Supermassive Black Holes
  157. 3.7.01: Thinking Ahead
  158. 3.7.02: Quasars
  159. 3.7.03: Supermassive Black Holes- What Quasars really are
  160. 3.7.04: Quasars as Probes of Evolution in the Universe
  161. 3.7.05: Key Terms
  162. 3.7.06: Summary
  163. 3.7.07: For Further Exploration
  164. 3.7.08: Collaborative Group Activities
  165. 3.7.09: Exercises
  166. 3.7.9.01: Review Questions
  167. 3.7.9.02: Thought Questions
  168. 3.7.9.03: Figuring for Yourself
  169. 3.08: The Big Bang
  170. 3.8.01: Thinking Ahead
  171. 3.8.02: The Age of the Universe
  172. 3.8.03: A Model of the Universe
  173. 3.8.04: The Beginning of the Universe
  174. 3.8.05: The Cosmic Microwave Background
  175. 3.8.06: What Is the Universe Really Made Of
  176. 3.8.07: The Inflationary Universe
  177. 3.8.08: The Anthropic Principle
  178. 3.8.09: Key Terms
  179. 3.8.10: Summary
  180. 3.8.11: For Further Exploration
  181. 3.8.12: Collaborative Group Activities
  182. 3.8.13: Exercises
  183. 3.8.13.01: Review Questions
  184. 3.8.13.02: Thought Questions
  185. 3.8.13.03: Figuring for Yourself
  186. 3.09: Life in the Universe
  187. 3.9.01: Thinking Ahead
  188. 3.9.02: The Cosmic Context for Life
  189. 3.9.03: Astrobiology
  190. 3.9.04: Searching for Life beyond Earth
  191. 3.9.05: The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
  192. 3.9.06: Key Terms
  193. 3.9.07: Summary
  194. 3.9.08: For Further Exploration
  195. 3.9.09: Collaborative Group Activities
  196. 3.9.10: Exercises
  197. 3.9.10.01: Review Questions
  198. 3.9.10.02: Thought Questions
  199. 3.9.10.03: Figuring for Yourself