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LCC: General Chemistry

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LCC: General Chemistry

Chemistry
Publisher
LibreTexts
Source
LibreTexts
License
CC BY-NC-SA
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
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Contents· 160 sections
  1. 01: Introduction - Matter and Measurement
  2. 1.1: The Study of Chemistry
  3. 1.2: Classification of Matter
  4. 1.3: Properties of Matter
  5. 1.4: Units of Measurement
  6. 1.5: Uncertainty in Measurement
  7. 1.6: Dimensional Analysis
  8. 1.7: Matter and Measurement (Exercises)
  9. 1.8: Matter and Measurement (Summary)
  10. 02: Atoms Molecules and Ions
  11. 2.01: The Atomic Theory of Matter
  12. 2.02: The Discovery of Atomic Structure
  13. 2.03: The Modern View of Atomic Structure
  14. 2.04: Atomic Mass
  15. 2.05: The Periodic Table
  16. 2.06: Molecules and Molecular Compounds
  17. 2.07: Ions and Ionic Compounds
  18. 2.08: Naming Inorganic Compounds
  19. 2.09: Some Simple Organic Compounds
  20. 2.10: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions (Exercises)
  21. 2.11: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions (Summary)
  22. 03: Stoichiometry: Chemical Formulas and Equations
  23. 3.1: Chemical Equations
  24. 3.2: Some Simple Patterns of Chemical Reactivity
  25. 3.3: Formula Masses
  26. 3.4: Avogadro's Number and the Mole
  27. 3.5: Empirical Formulas from Analysis
  28. 3.6: Quantitative Information from Balanced Equations
  29. 3.7: Limiting Reactants
  30. 3.8: Stoichiometry (Exercises)
  31. 3.9: Stoichiometry (Summary)
  32. 04: Reactions in Aqueous Solution
  33. 4.1: General Properties of Aqueous Solutions
  34. 4.2: Precipitation Reactions
  35. 4.3: Acid-Base Reactions
  36. 4.4: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
  37. 4.5: Concentration of Solutions
  38. 4.6: Solution Stoichiometry and Chemical Analysis
  39. 4.7: Reactions in Aqueous Solution (Exercises)
  40. 4.8: Reactions in Aqueous Solution (Summary)
  41. 05: Gases
  42. 5.01: Characteristics of Gases
  43. 5.02: Pressure
  44. 5.03: The Gas Laws
  45. 5.04: The Ideal Gas Equation
  46. 5.05: Further Applications of the Ideal-Gas Equations
  47. 5.06: Gas Mixtures and Partial Pressures
  48. 5.07: Kinetic-Molecular Theory
  49. 5.08: Molecular Effusion and Diffusion
  50. 5.09: Real Gases - Deviations from Ideal Behavior
  51. 5.10: Exercises
  52. 5.11: Gases (Summary)
  53. 06: Thermochemistry
  54. 6.01: The Nature of Energy
  55. 6.02: The First Law of Thermodynamics
  56. 6.03: Enthalpy
  57. 6.04: Enthalpy of Reaction
  58. 6.05: Calorimetry
  59. 6.06: Hess's Law
  60. 6.07: Enthalpies of Formation
  61. 6.08: Foods and Fuels
  62. 6.09: Thermochemistry (Exercises)
  63. 6.10: Thermochemistry (Summary)
  64. 07: Electronic Structure of Atoms
  65. 7.01: The Wave Nature of Light
  66. 7.02: Quantized Energy and Photons
  67. 7.03: Line Spectra and the Bohr Model
  68. 7.04: The Wave Behavior of Matter
  69. 7.05: Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Orbitals
  70. 7.06: 3D Representation of Orbitals
  71. 7.07: Many-Electron Atoms
  72. 7.08: Electron Configurations
  73. 7.09: Electron Configurations
  74. 7.10: Electronic Structure of Atoms (Exercises)
  75. 7.11: Electronic Structure of Atoms (Summary)
  76. 08: Periodic Properties of the Elements
  77. 8.01: Development of the Periodic Table
  78. 8.02: Shielding and Effective Nuclear Charge
  79. 8.03: Sizes of Atoms and Ions
  80. 8.04: Ionization Energy
  81. 8.05: Electron Affinities
  82. 8.06: Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
  83. 8.07: Group Trends for the Active Metals
  84. 8.08: Group Trends for Selected Nonmetals
  85. 8.09: Periodic Properties of the Elements (Exercises)
  86. 8.10: Periodic Properties of the Elements (Summary)
  87. 09: Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding
  88. 9.01: Chemical Bonds, Lewis Symbols, and the Octet Rule
  89. 9.02: Ionic Bonding
  90. 9.03: Covalent Bonding
  91. 9.04: Bond Polarity and Electronegativity
  92. 9.05: Drawing Lewis Structures
  93. 9.06: Resonance Structures
  94. 9.07: Exceptions to the Octet Rule
  95. 9.08: Strength of Covalent Bonds
  96. 9.09: Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding (Exercises)
  97. 9.10: Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding (Summary)
  98. 10: Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories
  99. 10.01: Molecular Shapes
  100. 10.02: The VSEPR Model
  101. 10.03: Molecular Shape and Molecular Polarity
  102. 10.04: Covalent Bonding and Orbital Overlap
  103. 10.05: Hybrid Orbitals
  104. 10.06: Multiple Bonds
  105. 10.07: Molecular Orbitals
  106. 10.08: Second-Row Diatomic Molecules
  107. 10.09: Exercises
  108. 10.10: Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories (Summary)
  109. 11: Liquids and Intermolecular Forces
  110. 11.01: A Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids
  111. 11.02: Intermolecular Forces
  112. 11.03: Some Properties of Liquids
  113. 11.04: Phase Changes
  114. 11.05: Vapor Pressure
  115. 11.06: Phase Diagrams
  116. 11.07: Structure of Solids
  117. 11.08: Bonding in Solids
  118. 11.09: Liquids and Intermolecular Forces (Exercises)
  119. 11.10: Liquids and Intermolecular Forces (Summary)
  120. 12: Solids and Modern Materials
  121. 12.1: Classes of Materials
  122. 12.2: Materials for Structure
  123. 12.3: Materials for Medicine
  124. 12.4: Materials for Electronics
  125. 12.5: Materials for Optics
  126. 12.6: Materials for Nanotechnology
  127. 12.7: Solids and Modern Materials (Exercises)
  128. 13: Properties of Solutions
  129. 13.1: The Solution Process
  130. 13.2: Saturated Solutions and Solubility
  131. 13.3: Factors Affecting Solubility
  132. 13.4: Ways of Expressing Concentration
  133. 13.5: Colligative Properties
  134. 13.6: Colloids
  135. 13.7: Properties of Solutions (Exercises)
  136. 13.8: Properties of Solutions (Summary)
  137. 14: Chemical Equilibrium
  138. 14.1: The Concept of Equilibrium
  139. 14.2: The Equilibrium Constant
  140. 14.3: Interpreting
  141. 14.4: Heterogeneous Equilibria
  142. 14.5: Calculating Equilibrium Constants
  143. 14.6: Applications of Equilibrium Constants
  144. 14.7: Le Chatelier's Principle
  145. 14.8: Exercises
  146. 14.9: Chemical Equilibrium (Summary)
  147. 15: AcidBase Equilibria
  148. 15.01: Acids and Bases: A Brief Review
  149. 15.02: Brønsted–Lowry Acids and Bases
  150. 15.03: The Autoionization of Water
  151. 15.04: The pH Scale
  152. 15.05: Strong Acids and Bases
  153. 15.06: Weak Acids
  154. 15.07: Weak Bases
  155. 15.08: Relationship Between Ka and Kb
  156. 15.09: Acid-Base Properties of Salt Solutions
  157. 15.10: Acid-Base Behavior and Chemical Structure
  158. 15.11: Lewis Acids and Bases
  159. 15.12: Acid–Base Equilibria (Exercises)
  160. 15.13: Acid–Base Equilibria (Summary)