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CH14133: Chemistry for General Education

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CH14133: Chemistry for General Education

Chemistry
Author
Ginger Berry
Publisher
Arkansas Northeastern College
Source
LibreTexts
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 148 sections
  1. 01: The Chemical World
  2. 1.0E: 1.E: Exercises
  3. 1.01: The Scope of Chemistry
  4. 1.02: Chemicals Compose Ordinary Things
  5. 1.03: Hypothesis Theories and Laws
  6. 1.04: The Scientific Method - How Chemists Think
  7. 1.05: A Beginning Chemist - How to Succeed
  8. 02: Measurement and Problem Solving
  9. 2.0E: 2.E: Measurement and Problem Solving (Exercises)
  10. 2.01: Taking Measurements
  11. 2.02: Scientific Notation - Writing Large and Small Numbers
  12. 2.03: Significant Figures - Writing Numbers to Reflect Precision
  13. 2.04: Significant Figures in Calculations
  14. 2.05: The Basic Units of Measurement
  15. 2.06: Problem Solving and Unit Conversions
  16. 2.07: Solving Multistep Conversion Problems
  17. 2.08: Units Raised to a Power
  18. 2.09: Density
  19. 2.10: Numerical Problem-Solving Strategies and the Solution Map
  20. 03: Matter and Energy
  21. 3.0E: 3.E: Matter and Energy (Exercises)
  22. 3.01: In Your Room
  23. 3.02: What is Matter
  24. 3.03: Classifying Matter According to Its State- Solid Liquid and Gas
  25. 3.04: Classifying Matter According to Its Composition
  26. 3.05: Differences in Matter- Physical and Chemical Properties
  27. 3.06: Changes in Matter - Physical and Chemical Changes
  28. 3.07: Conservation of Mass - There is No New Matter
  29. 3.08: Energy
  30. 3.09: Energy and Chemical and Physical Change
  31. 3.10: Temperature - Random Motion of Molecules and Atoms
  32. 3.11: Temperature Changes - Heat Capacity
  33. 3.12: Energy and Heat Capacity Calculations
  34. 04: Atoms and Elements
  35. 4.01: Cutting Alumimun until you get Atoms
  36. 4.02: Indivisible - The Atomic Theory
  37. 4.03: The Nuclear Atom
  38. 4.04: The Properties of Protons Neutrons and Electrons
  39. 4.05: Elements- Defined by Their Number of Protons
  40. 4.06: Looking for Patterns- The Periodic Table
  41. 4.07: Ions - Losing and Gaining Electrons
  42. 4.08: Isotopes - When the Number of Neutrons Varies
  43. 4.09: Atomic Mass- The Average Mass of an Elements Atoms
  44. 05: Molecules and Compounds
  45. 5.01: Sugar and Salt
  46. 5.02: Compounds Display Constant Composition
  47. 5.03: Chemical Formulas- How to Represent Compounds
  48. 5.04: A Molecular View of Elements and Compounds
  49. 5.05: Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds
  50. 5.06: Nomenclature- Naming Compounds
  51. 5.07: Naming Ionic Compounds
  52. 5.08: Naming Molecular Compounds
  53. 5.09: Naming Acids
  54. 5.10: Nomenclature Summary
  55. 5.11: Formula Mass- The Mass of a Molecule or Formula Unit
  56. 06: Chemical Composition
  57. 6.01: How Much Sodium
  58. 6.02: Counting Nails by the Pound
  59. 6.03: Counting Atoms by the Gram
  60. 6.04: Counting Molecules by the Gram
  61. 6.05: Chemical Formulas as Conversion Factors
  62. 6.06: Mass Percent Composition of Compounds
  63. 6.07: Mass Percent Composition from a Chemical Formula
  64. 6.08: Calculating Empirical Formulas for Compounds
  65. 6.09: Calculating Molecular Formulas for Compounds
  66. 07: Chemical Reactions
  67. 7.01: Grade School Volcanoes, Automobiles, and Laundry Detergents
  68. 7.02: Evidence of a Chemical Reaction
  69. 7.03: Chemical Equations
  70. 7.04: How to Write Balanced Chemical Equations
  71. 7.05: Aqueous Solutions and Solubility - Compounds Dissolved in Water
  72. 7.06: Precipitation Reactions
  73. 7.07: Writing Chemical Equations for Reactions in Solution- Molecular, Complete Ionic, and Net Ionic Equations
  74. 7.08: Acid–Base and Gas Evolution Reactions
  75. 7.09: Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
  76. 7.10: Classifying Chemical Reactions
  77. 7.11: The Activity Series- Predicting Spontaneous Redox Reactions
  78. 08: Quantities in Chemical Reactions
  79. 8.01: Climate Change - Too Much Carbon Dioxide
  80. 8.02: Stoichiometry
  81. 8.03: Mole-to-Mole Conversions
  82. 8.04: Making Molecules- Mole to Mass (or vice versa) and Mass-to-Mass Conversions
  83. 8.05: Limiting Reactant and Theoretical Yield
  84. 8.06: Limiting Reactant Theoretical Yield and Percent Yield from Initial Masses of Reactants
  85. 8.07: Enthalpy Change is a Measure of the Heat Evolved or Absorbed
  86. 09: Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table
  87. 9.0E: 9.E: Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table (Exercises)
  88. 9.01: Blimps, Balloons, and Models of the Atom
  89. 9.02: Light is Visible Electromagnetic Radiation
  90. 9.03: The Electromagnetic Spectrum
  91. 9.04: The Bohr Model - Atoms with Orbits
  92. 9.05: The Quantum-Mechanical Model- Atoms with Orbitals
  93. 9.06: Quantum-Mechanical Orbitals and Electron Configurations
  94. 9.07: Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
  95. 9.08: The Explanatory Power of the Quantum-Mechanical Model
  96. 9.09: Periodic Trends- Atomic Size, Ionization Energy, and Metallic Character
  97. 10: Chemical Bonding
  98. 10.01: Bonding Models and AIDS Drugs
  99. 10.02: Representing Valence Electrons with Dots
  100. 10.03: Lewis Structures of Ionic Compounds- Electrons Transferred
  101. 10.04: Covalent Lewis Structures- Electrons Shared
  102. 10.05: Writing Lewis Structures for Covalent Compounds
  103. 10.06: Resonance - Equivalent Lewis Structures for the Same Molecule
  104. 10.07: Predicting the Shapes of Molecules
  105. 10.08: Electronegativity and Polarity- Why Oil and Water Dont Mix
  106. 11: Gases
  107. 11.01: Extra-Long Straws
  108. 11.02: Kinetic Molecular Theory- A Model for Gases
  109. 11.03: Pressure- The Result of Constant Molecular Collisions
  110. 11.04: Boyle’s Law- Pressure and Volume
  111. 11.05: Charles’s Law- Volume and Temperature
  112. 11.06: Gay-Lussac's Law- Temperature and Pressure
  113. 11.07: The Combined Gas Law- Pressure, Volume, and Temperature
  114. 11.08: Avogadro’s Law- Volume and Moles
  115. 11.09: The Ideal Gas Law- Pressure, Volume, Temperature, and Moles
  116. 11.10: Mixtures of Gases - Why Deep-Sea Divers Breathe a Mixture of Helium and Oxygen
  117. 11.11: Gases in Chemical Reactions
  118. 12: Liquids Solids and Intermolecular Forces
  119. 12.01: Interactions between Molecules
  120. 12.02: Properties of Liquids and Solids
  121. 12.03: Surface Tension and Viscosity
  122. 12.04: Evaporation and Condensation
  123. 12.05: Melting, Freezing, and Sublimation
  124. 12.06: Intermolecular Forces- Dispersion, Dipole–Dipole, Hydrogen Bonding, and Ion-Dipole
  125. 12.07: Types of Crystalline Solids
  126. 12.08: Water - A Remarkable Molecule
  127. 13: Solutions
  128. 13.01: Prelude - Tragedy in Cameroon
  129. 13.02: Solutions - Homogeneous Mixtures
  130. 13.03: Solutions of Solids Dissolved in Water- How to Make Rock Candy
  131. 13.04: Solutions of Gases in Water
  132. 13.05: Solution Concentration- Mass Percent
  133. 13.06: Solution Concentration- Molarity
  134. 13.07: Solution Dilution
  135. 13.08: Solution Stoichiometry
  136. 13.09: Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation
  137. 13.10: Osmosis
  138. 14: Acids and Bases
  139. 14.01: Sour Patch Kids and International Spy Movies
  140. 14.02: Acids- Properties and Examples
  141. 14.03: Bases- Properties and Examples
  142. 14.04: Molecular Definitions of Acids and Bases
  143. 14.05: Reactions of Acids and Bases
  144. 14.06: Acid–Base Titration
  145. 14.07: Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
  146. 14.08: Water - Acid and Base in One
  147. 14.09: The pH and pOH Scales - Ways to Express Acidity and Basicity
  148. 14.10: Buffers are Solutions that Resist pH Change