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BIO 2: Introduction to Human Biology

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BIO 2: Introduction to Human Biology

Human biology is an interdisciplinary area of study that examines humans through the influences and interplay of many diverse fields such as genetics, evolution, physiology, anatomy, epidemiology, anthropology, ecology, nutrition, population genetics and sociocultural influences; it is closely related to physical anthropology.

Biology
Author
Suzanne Wakim & Mandeep Grewal
Publisher
Butte College
Source
LibreTexts
License
CK-12
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 250 sections
  1. 01: The Nature and Process of Science
  2. 1.1: Case Study: Why Should You Learn About Science
  3. 1.2: What Is Science
  4. 1.3: The Nature of Science
  5. 1.4: Theories in Science
  6. 1.5: Scientific Investigations
  7. 1.6: Scientific Experiments
  8. 1.7: Nonexperimental Scientific Investigations
  9. 1.8: Case Study Shot Conclusion and Chapter Summary
  10. 02: Introduction to Human Biology
  11. 2.1: Case Study - Why Should You Study Human Biology
  12. 2.2: Shared Traits of All Living Things
  13. 2.3: Diversity of Life
  14. 2.4: The Human Animal
  15. 2.5: Case Study Inhabitants Conclusion and Chapter Summary
  16. 03: Chemistry of Life
  17. 3.01: Case Study: Chemistry and Your Life
  18. 3.02: Elements and Compounds
  19. 3.03: Chemical Bonding
  20. 3.04: Biochemical Compounds
  21. 3.05: Carbohydrates
  22. 3.06: Lipids
  23. 3.07: Proteins
  24. 3.08: Nucleic Acids
  25. 3.09: Energy in Chemical Reactions
  26. 3.10: Chemical Reactions in Living Things
  27. 3.11: Biochemical Properties of Water
  28. 3.12: Acids and Bases
  29. 3.13: Case Study Diet Conclusion and Chapter Summary
  30. 04: Nutrition
  31. 4.1: Case Study: Fueling Our Bodies Properly
  32. 4.2: Nutrients
  33. 4.3: Healthy Eating
  34. 4.4: Eating Disorders
  35. 4.5: Obesity
  36. 4.6: Undernutrition
  37. 4.7: Foodborne Diseases
  38. 4.8: Case Study Fast Food Conclusion and Chapter Summary
  39. 05: Cells
  40. 5.01: Case Study - The Importance of Cells
  41. 5.02: Discovery of Cells and Cell Theory
  42. 5.03: Variation in Cells
  43. 5.04: Plasma Membrane
  44. 5.05: Cytoplasm and Cytoskeleton
  45. 5.06: Cell Organelles
  46. 5.07: Active Transport and Homeostasis
  47. 5.08: Cellular Respiration
  48. 5.09: Anaerobic Respiration
  49. 5.10: Case Study Tired Conclusion and Chapter Summary
  50. 5.11: Cell Transport
  51. 06: DNA and Protein Synthesis
  52. 6.01: Case Study - Why do we need to sequence everybody's genome?
  53. 6.02: DNA and RNA
  54. 6.03: Chromosomes and Genes
  55. 6.04: Protein Synthesis
  56. 6.05: Genetic Code
  57. 6.06: Mutations
  58. 6.07: Regulation of Gene Expression
  59. 6.08: Biotechnology
  60. 6.09: The Human Genome
  61. 6.10: Case Study Parmacogenomics Conclusion and Chapter Summary
  62. 07: Cell Reproduction
  63. 7.1: Case Study: Genetic Similarities and Differences
  64. 7.2: Cell Cycle and Cell Division
  65. 7.3: Mitotic Phase - Mitosis and Cytokinesis
  66. 7.4: Mutations and Cancer
  67. 7.5: Sexual Reproduction: Meiosis and gametogenesis
  68. 7.6: Genetic Variation
  69. 7.7: Mitosis vs. Meiosis and disorders
  70. 7.8: Case Study Genes Conclusion and Chapter Summary
  71. 08: Inheritance
  72. 8.1: Case Study: Genes and Inheritance
  73. 8.2: Mendel's Experiments and Laws of Inheritance
  74. 8.3: Genetics of Inheritance
  75. 8.4: Mendelian Inheritance
  76. 8.5: Non-Mendelian Inheritance
  77. 8.6: Genetic Disorders
  78. 8.7: Case Study Cancer Conclusion and Chapter Summary
  79. 09: Biological Evolution
  80. 9.1: Case Study: Everyday Evolution
  81. 9.2: Darwin, Wallace, and the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
  82. 9.3: Evidence for Evolution
  83. 9.4: Microevolution
  84. 9.5: Macroevolution
  85. 9.6: Tools for Studying Evolution
  86. 9.7: Adaptation in Humans
  87. 9.8: Case Study Flu Conclusion and Chapter Summary
  88. 10: Introduction to the Human Body
  89. 10.1: Case Study: Getting to Know Your Body
  90. 10.2: Organization of the Body
  91. 10.3: Human Cells and Tissues
  92. 10.4: Human Organs and Organ Systems
  93. 10.5: Human Body Cavities
  94. 10.6: Interaction of Organ Systems
  95. 10.7: Homeostasis and Feedback
  96. 10.8: Case Study Pressure Conclusion and Chapter Summary
  97. 11: Nervous System
  98. 11.1: Case Study - The Control Center of Your Body
  99. 11.2: Introduction to the Nervous System
  100. 11.3: Neurons and Glial Cells
  101. 11.4: Nerve Impulses
  102. 11.5: Central Nervous System
  103. 11.6: Peripheral Nervous System
  104. 11.7: Human Senses
  105. 11.8: Psychoactive Drugs
  106. 11.9: Case Study Memory Conclusion and Chapter Summary
  107. 12: Endocrine System
  108. 12.1: Case Study: Hormones and Health
  109. 12.2: Introduction to the Endocrine System
  110. 12.3: Endocrine Hormones
  111. 12.4: Pituitary Gland
  112. 12.5: Thyroid Gland
  113. 12.6: Adrenal Glands
  114. 12.7: Pancreas
  115. 12.8: Case Study Hormonal Conclusion and Chapter Summary
  116. 13: Integumentary System
  117. 13.1: Case Study - Skin Cancer
  118. 13.2: Introduction to the Integumentary System
  119. 13.3: Skin
  120. 13.4: Hair and Nails
  121. 13.5: Case Study Skin Cancer Conclusion and Chapter Summary
  122. 14: Skeletal System
  123. 14.1: Case Study: Your Support System
  124. 14.2: Introduction to the Skeletal System
  125. 14.3: Divisions of the Skeletal System
  126. 14.4: Structure of Bone
  127. 14.5: Bone Growth, Remodeling, and Repair
  128. 14.6: Joints
  129. 14.7: Disorders of the Skeletal System
  130. 14.8: Case Study Heels Conclusion and Chapter Summary
  131. 15: Muscular System
  132. 15.1: Case Study - Muscles and Movement
  133. 15.2: Introduction to the Muscular System
  134. 15.3: Types of Muscle Tissue
  135. 15.4: Muscle Contraction
  136. 15.5: Physical Exercise
  137. 15.6: Disorders of the Muscular System
  138. 15.7: Case Study Conclusion: Needing to Relax and Chapter Summary
  139. 16: Respiratory System
  140. 16.1: Case Study: Respiratory System and Gas Exchange
  141. 16.2: Structure and Function of the Respiratory System
  142. 16.3: Breathing
  143. 16.4: Gas Exchange
  144. 16.5: Disorders of the Respiratory System
  145. 16.6: Smoking and Health
  146. 16.7: Case Study Bronchitis Conclusion and Chapter Summary
  147. 17: Cardiovascular System
  148. 17.1: Case Study - Your Body's Transportation System
  149. 17.2: Introduction to the Cardiovascular System
  150. 17.3: Heart
  151. 17.4: Blood Vessels
  152. 17.5: Blood
  153. 17.6: Blood Types
  154. 17.7: Cardiovascular Disease
  155. 17.8: Case Study Flight Conclusion and Chapter Summary
  156. 18: Digestive System
  157. 18.1: Case Study: Food Processing
  158. 18.2: Introduction to the Digestive System
  159. 18.3: Digestion and Absorption
  160. 18.4: Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
  161. 18.5: Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
  162. 18.6: Accessory Organs of Digestion
  163. 18.7: Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract
  164. 18.8: Case Study Celiac Conclusion and Chapter Summary
  165. 19: Excretory System
  166. 19.1: Case Study - Waste Management
  167. 19.2: Organs of Excretion
  168. 19.3: Introduction to the Urinary System
  169. 19.4: Kidneys
  170. 19.5: Ureters, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra
  171. 19.6: Disorders of the Urinary System
  172. 19.7: Case Study Alcohol Conclusion and Chapter Summary
  173. 20: Immune System
  174. 20.1: Case Study: Your Defense System
  175. 20.2: Introduction to the Immune System
  176. 20.3: Lymphatic System
  177. 20.4: Innate Immune System
  178. 20.5: Adaptive Immune System
  179. 20.6: Disorders of the Immune System
  180. 20.7: Case Study Lymphoma Conclusion and Chapter Summary
  181. 21: Disease
  182. 21.1: Case Study: Threats to Our Health
  183. 21.2: Homeostasis and Disease
  184. 21.3: Infectious Diseases
  185. 21.4: Sexually Transmitted Infections
  186. 21.5: HIV and AIDS
  187. 21.6: Noninfectious Diseases
  188. 21.7: Cancer
  189. 21.8: Case Study Lyme Conclusion and Chapter Summary
  190. 22: Reproductive System
  191. 22.01: Case Study: Making Babies
  192. 22.02: Introduction to the Reproductive System
  193. 22.03: Structures of the Male Reproductive System
  194. 22.04: Functions of the Male Reproductive System
  195. 22.05: Disorders of the Male Reproductive System
  196. 22.06: Structures of the Female Reproductive System
  197. 22.07: Functions of the Female Reproductive System
  198. 22.08: Menstrual Cycle
  199. 22.09: Disorders of the Female Reproductive System
  200. 22.10: Infertility
  201. 22.11: Contraception
  202. 22.12: Case Study Conclusion: Trying to Conceive and Chapter Summary
  203. 23: Human Growth and Development
  204. 23.1: Case Study: How Our Bodies Change Throughout Life
  205. 23.2: Germinal Stage
  206. 23.3: Embryonic Stage
  207. 23.4: Fetal Stage
  208. 23.5: Infancy
  209. 23.6: Childhood
  210. 23.7: Adolescence and Puberty
  211. 23.8: Adulthood
  212. 23.9: Case Study Conclusion: Lead Danger and Chapter Summary
  213. 24: Ecology
  214. 24.01: Case Study - The Web of Life
  215. 24.02: Introduction to Ecology
  216. 24.03: Ecosystems
  217. 24.04: Community Relationships
  218. 24.05: Energy in Ecosystems
  219. 24.06: Cycles of Matter
  220. 24.07: Introduction to Human Populations
  221. 24.08: Population Dynamics
  222. 24.09: Climate Change
  223. 24.10: Case Study Organic Conclusion and Chapter Summary
  224. 25: Glossary
  225. 25.01: Glossary: J
  226. 25.02: Glossary: K
  227. 25.03: Glossary: L
  228. 25.04: Glossary: M
  229. 25.05: Glossary: N
  230. 25.06: Glossary: O
  231. 25.07: Glossary: P
  232. 25.08: Glossary: Q
  233. 25.09: Glossary: R
  234. 25.10: Glossary: S
  235. 25.11: Glossary: A
  236. 25.12: Glossary: T
  237. 25.13: Glossary: U
  238. 25.14: Glossary: V
  239. 25.15: Glossary: W
  240. 25.16: Glossary: X
  241. 25.17: Glossary: Y
  242. 25.18: Glossary: Z
  243. 25.19: Glossary: B
  244. 25.20: Glossary: C
  245. 25.21: Glossary: D
  246. 25.22: Glossary: E
  247. 25.23: Glossary: F
  248. 25.24: Glossary: G
  249. 25.25: Glossary: H
  250. 25.26: Glossary: I