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Chem 114: Human Chemistry II

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Chem 114: Human Chemistry II

Human Chemistry provides a general background on the factual basis and principles of chemistry. These first year chemistry courses explore chemical phenomena and principles with emphasis on developing an understanding of chemistry and an appreciation of what chemists do. You must commit yourself to learning the basic vocabulary of chemistry. You will acquire skills in dealing with chemical phenomena and principles and in manipulating mathematical expressions that describe chemical behavior.

Chemistry
Author
Pedro Muíño
Publisher
Saint Francis University
Source
LibreTexts
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 171 sections
  1. 12: Introduction to Organic Chemistry - Alkanes
  2. 12.01: The Nature of Organic Molecules
  3. 12.02: Families of Organic Molecules - Functional Groups
  4. 12.03: The Structure of Organic Molecules - Alkanes and Their Isomers
  5. 12.04: Drawing Organic Structures
  6. 12.05: The Shapes of Organic Molecules
  7. 12.06: Naming Alkanes
  8. 12.07: Properties of Alkanes
  9. 12.08: Reactions of Alkanes
  10. 12.09: Cycloalkanes
  11. 12.10: Drawing and Naming Cycloalkanes
  12. 13: Alkenes Alkynes and Aromatic Compounds
  13. 13.01: Alkenes and Alkynes
  14. 13.02: Naming Alkenes and Alkynes
  15. 13.03: The Structure of Alkenes- Cis-Trans Isomerism
  16. 13.04: Properties of Alkenes and Alkynes
  17. 13.05: Types of Organic Reactions
  18. 13.06: Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes
  19. 13.07: Alkene Polymers
  20. 13.08: Aromatic Compounds and the Structure of Benzene
  21. 13.09: Naming Aromatic Compounds
  22. 13.10: Reactions of Aromatic Compounds
  23. 14: Some Compounds with Oxygen Sulfur or a Halogen
  24. 14.01: Alcohols Phenols and Ethers
  25. 14.02: Some Common Alcohols
  26. 14.03: Naming Alcohols
  27. 14.04: Properties of Alcohols
  28. 14.05: Reactions of Alcohols
  29. 14.06: Phenols
  30. 14.07: Acidity of Alcohols and Phenols
  31. 14.08: Ethers
  32. 14.09: Thiols and Disulfides
  33. 14.10: Halogen-Containing Compounds
  34. 15: Amines
  35. 15.01: Amines
  36. 15.02: Properties of Amines
  37. 15.03: Heterocyclic Nitrogen Compounds
  38. 15.04: Basicity of Amines
  39. 15.05: Amine Salts
  40. 15.06: Amines in Plants- Alkaloids
  41. 16: Aldehydes and Ketones
  42. 16.01: The Carbonyl Group
  43. 16.02: Naming Aldehydes and Ketones
  44. 16.03: Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones
  45. 16.04: Some Common Aldehydes and Ketones
  46. 16.05: Oxidation of Aldehydes
  47. 16.06: Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones
  48. 16.07: Addition of Alcohols - Hemiacetals and Acetals
  49. 17: Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives
  50. 17.01: Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives- Properties and Names
  51. 17.02: Some Common Carboxylic Acids
  52. 17.03: Acidity of Carboxylic Acids
  53. 17.04: Reactions of Carboxylic Acids - Ester and Amide Formation
  54. 17.05: Aspirin and Other Over-the-Counter Carboxylic Acid
  55. 17.06: Hydrolysis of Esters and Amides
  56. 17.07: Polyamides and Polyesters
  57. 17.08: Phosphoric Acid Derivatives
  58. 18: Amino Acids and Proteins
  59. 18.01: An Introduction to Biochemistry
  60. 18.02: Protein Structure and Function- An Overview
  61. 18.03: Amino Acids
  62. 18.04: Acid-Base Properties of Amino Acids
  63. 18.05: Handedness
  64. 18.06: Molecular Handedness and Amino Acids
  65. 18.07: Primary Protein Structure
  66. 18.08: Shape-Determining Interactions in Proteins
  67. 18.09: Secondary Protein Structure
  68. 18.10: Tertiary Protein Structure
  69. 18.11: Quaternary Protein Structure
  70. 18.12: Chemical Properties of Proteins
  71. 19: Enzymes and Vitamins
  72. 19.01: Catalysis by Enzymes
  73. 19.02: Enzyme Cofactors
  74. 19.03: Enzyme Classification
  75. 19.04: How Enzymes Work
  76. 19.05: Effect of Concentration on Enzyme Activity
  77. 19.06: Effect of Temperature and pH on Enzyme Activity
  78. 19.07: Enzyme Regulation - Feedback and Allosteric Control
  79. 19.08: Enzyme Regulation - Inhibition
  80. 19.09: Enzyme Regulation - Covalent Modification and Genetic Control
  81. 19.10: Vitamins and Minerals
  82. 20: The Generation of Biochemical Energy
  83. 20.01: Energy and Life
  84. 20.02: Energy and Biochemical Reactions
  85. 20.03: Cells and Their Structure
  86. 20.04: An Overview of Metabolism and Energy Production
  87. 20.05: Strategies of Metabolism - ATP and Energy Transfer
  88. 20.06: Strategies of Metabolism - Metabolic Pathways and Coupled Reactions
  89. 20.07: Strategies of Metabolism- Oxidized and Reduced Coenzymes
  90. 20.08: The Citric Acid Cycle
  91. 20.09: The Electron-Transport Chain and ATP Production
  92. 20.10: Harmful Oxygen By-Products and Antioxidant Vitamins
  93. 21: Carbohydrates
  94. 21.01: An Introduction to Carbohydrates
  95. 21.02: Handedness of Carbohydrates
  96. 21.03: The D and L Families of Sugars- Drawing Sugar Molecules
  97. 21.04: Structure of Glucose and Other Monosaccharides
  98. 21.05: Some Important Monosaccharides
  99. 21.06: Reactions of Monosaccharides
  100. 21.07: Disaccharides
  101. 21.08: Variations on the Carbohydrate Theme
  102. 21.09: Some Important Polysaccharides
  103. 22: Carbohydrate Metabolism
  104. 22.01: Digestion of Carbohydrates
  105. 22.02: Glucose Metabolism - An Overview
  106. 22.03: Glycolysis
  107. 22.04: Entry of Other Sugars into Glycolysis
  108. 22.05: The Fate of Pyruvate
  109. 22.06: Energy Output in Complete Catabolism of Glucose
  110. 22.07: 22.7. Regulation of Glucose Metabolism and Energy Production
  111. 22.08: Metabolism in Fasting and Starvation
  112. 22.09: Metabolism in Diabetes Mellitus
  113. 22.10: Glycogen Metabolism- Glycogenesis and Glycogenolysis
  114. 22.11: Gluconeogenesis- Glucose from Noncarbohydrates
  115. 23: Lipids
  116. 23.01: Structure and Classification of Lipids
  117. 23.02: Fatty Acids and Their Esters
  118. 23.03: Properties of Fats and Oils
  119. 23.04: Chemical Reactions of Triacylglycerols
  120. 23.05: Phospholipids and Glycolipids
  121. 23.06: Sterols
  122. 23.07: Structure of Cell Membranes
  123. 23.08: Transport Across Cell Membranes
  124. 23.09: Eicosanoids- Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes
  125. 24: Lipid Metabolism
  126. 24.01: Digestion of Triacylglycerols
  127. 24.02: Lipoproteins for Lipid Transport
  128. 24.03: Triacylglycerol Metabolism - An Overview
  129. 24.04: Storage and Mobilization of Triacylglycerols
  130. 24.05: Oxidation of Fatty Acids
  131. 24.06: Energy from Fatty Acid Oxidation
  132. 24.07: Ketone Bodies and Ketoacidosis
  133. 24.08: Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids
  134. 25: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
  135. 25.01: DNA Chromosomes and Genes
  136. 25.02: Composition of Nucleic Acids
  137. 25.03: The Structure of Nucleic Acid Chains
  138. 25.04: Base Pairing in DNA- The Watson-Crick Model
  139. 25.05: Nucleic Acids and Heredity
  140. 25.06: Replication of DNA
  141. 25.07: Translation- Transfer RNA and Protein Synthesis
  142. 25.08: Structure and Function of RNA
  143. 25.09: Transcription - RNA Synthesis
  144. 25.10: The Genetic Code
  145. 26: Genomics
  146. 26.01: Mapping the Human Genome
  147. 26.02: A Trip Along a Chromosome
  148. 26.03: Mutations and Polymorphisms
  149. 26.04: Recombinant DNA
  150. 26.05: Genomics- Using What We Know
  151. 27: Chemical Messengers- Hormones Neurotransmitters and Drugs
  152. 27.01: Messenger Molecules
  153. 27.02: Hormones and the Endocrine System
  154. 27.03: How Hormones Work - Epinephrine and Fight-or-Flight
  155. 27.04: Amino Acid Derivatives and Polypeptides as Hormones
  156. 27.05: Steroid Hormones
  157. 27.06: Neurotransmitters
  158. 27.07: How Neurotransmitters Work- Acetylcholine Its Agonists and Antagonists
  159. 27.08: Histamine and Antihistamines
  160. 27.09: Serotonin Norepinephrine and Dopamine
  161. 27.10: Neuropeptides and Pain Relief
  162. 27.11: Drug Discovery and Drug Design
  163. 28: Body Fluids
  164. 28.01: Body Water and Its Solutes
  165. 28.02: Fluid Balance
  166. 28.03: Blood
  167. 28.04: Plasma Proteins White Blood Cells and Immunity
  168. 28.05: Blood Clotting
  169. 28.06: Red Blood Cells and Blood Gases
  170. 28.07: The Kidney and Urine Formation
  171. 28.08: Urine Composition and Function