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Physical Geography: our Beautiful World

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Physical Geography: our Beautiful World

Geosciences
Author
Arnaud Temme, Kansas State University
Publisher
LibreTexts
Source
LibreTexts
License
CC BY-NC-SA
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 181 sections
  1. 01: Essentials of Geography
  2. 1.01: The Discipline of Geography
  3. 1.1.01: Principles of Geography
  4. 1.1.02: Geography as a Spatial Science
  5. 1.1.03: The Continuum of Geography
  6. 1.1.04: Geography and the Scientific Method
  7. 1.02: Tools of the Geographer
  8. 1.2.01: Maps
  9. 1.2.02: Aerial Photographs and Remote Sensing
  10. 1.2.03: Geographic Information System
  11. 1.2.04: Models in Geography
  12. 1.2.05: The Global Positioning System (GPS)
  13. 1.03: Locational Systems
  14. 1.3.01: Latitude and Longitude
  15. 1.3.02: Geographical Zones
  16. 1.04: Time
  17. 1.05: Future Geographies
  18. 1.06: Review and Additional Resources
  19. 02: Energy and Radiation
  20. 2.01: Energy and Heat
  21. 2.1.01: The Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation
  22. 2.1.02: Selective Absorption by the Atmosphere
  23. 2.02: Insolation
  24. 2.03: Radiation and Energy Balance of the Earth System
  25. 2.3.01: The Radiation Balance
  26. 2.3.02: The Energy Balance
  27. 2.04: Global Patterns of Insolation Net radiation and Heat
  28. 2.05: Global Patterns of Sensible and Latent Heat Transfer
  29. 2.06: Future Geographies - Radiative Forcing and the Earth's Heat Balance
  30. 2.07: Review and Additional Online Resources
  31. 03: The Atmosphere
  32. 3.01: Atmospheric Composition
  33. 3.02: Atmospheric Structure
  34. 3.03: Greenhouse Effect
  35. 3.04: Future Geographies - Predicting Atmospheric Composition
  36. 3.05: Review and Additional Resources
  37. 04: Atmospheric and Ocean Circulation
  38. 4.01: Getting Ready for Chapter 4
  39. 4.02: Air Pressure
  40. 4.03: Controls over wind direction and speed
  41. 4.04: Cyclones and Anticyclones
  42. 4.05: Local Scale Wind
  43. 4.06: Regional Scale Winds - The Monsoon
  44. 4.07: Global Scale Circulation
  45. 4.08: Wind and Pressure Aloft
  46. 4.09: Ocean Circulation and Atmospheric Circulation
  47. 4.10: Future Geographies - Atmospheric Pressure and Winds
  48. 4.11: Review and Additional Resources
  49. 05: Atmospheric Moisture
  50. 5.01: Phases of Water
  51. 5.1.01: Evaporation
  52. 5.1.02: Transpiration
  53. 5.1.03: Humidity
  54. 5.1.04: Condensation
  55. 5.02: Adiabatic Temperature Change and Stability
  56. 5.03: Clouds and Precipitation
  57. 5.3.01: Fog
  58. 5.3.02: Clouds
  59. 5.3.03: Precipitation Process
  60. 5.04: Global Patterns of Precipitation
  61. 5.05: Looking Ahead
  62. 5.06: Review and Additional Resources
  63. 06: Weather Systems
  64. 6.01: Getting Ready for Chapter 6
  65. 6.02: Air Masses
  66. 6.03: Fronts
  67. 6.04: Wave Cyclones (Cyclogenesis)
  68. 6.05: Weather and Wave Cyclones
  69. 6.06: Severe Weather
  70. 6.6.01: Thunderstorms
  71. 6.6.02: Lightning
  72. 6.6.03: Tornadoes
  73. 6.6.04: Hurricanes
  74. 6.07: Future Geographies - Severe Weather and Global Warming
  75. 6.08: Review and Additional Resources
  76. 07: Climate Systems
  77. 7.01: Getting Ready for Chapter 7
  78. 7.02: The Elements of Climate
  79. 7.03: Climate Classification
  80. 7.04: Low Latitude Climates
  81. 7.4.01: Tropical Rain Forest
  82. 7.4.02: Tropical Monsoon Climate
  83. 7.4.03: Tropical Wet Dry (Savanna) Climate
  84. 7.4.04: Tropical Steppe Climate
  85. 7.4.05: Tropical Desert Climate
  86. 7.05: Midlatitude and Subtropical Climates
  87. 7.5.01: Mediterranean or Dry Summer Subtropical Climate
  88. 7.5.02: Midlatitude Desert Climate
  89. 7.5.03: Midlatitude Steppe
  90. 7.5.04: Humid Subtropical Climate
  91. 7.5.05: Humid Continental Climate
  92. 7.5.06: Marine (Humid) West Coast Climate
  93. 7.06: High Latitude Climates
  94. 7.6.01: Subarctic Climate
  95. 7.6.02: Tundra Climate
  96. 7.6.03: Ice Cap Climate
  97. 7.07: Urban Climate
  98. 7.08: Future Geographies - The Evidence for Climate Change
  99. 7.09: Review and Additional Resources
  100. 08: The Hydrosphere
  101. 8.01: The Hydrosphere
  102. 8.02: The Hydrologic Cycle
  103. 8.03: Future Geographies - Water Resources and Climate Change
  104. 8.04: Review and Additional Resources
  105. 09: Earth Materials and Structure
  106. 9.01: The Earth's Interior
  107. 9.02: Forces that Shape the Surface of the Earth
  108. 9.03: Orders of Relief
  109. 9.04: Minerals
  110. 9.05: Rocks
  111. 9.5.01: Rocks and the Rock Cycle
  112. 9.5.02: Igneous Rocks
  113. 9.5.03: Sedimentary Rocks
  114. 9.5.04: Metamorphic Rocks
  115. 9.06: Review and Additional Resources
  116. 10: Tectonics and Landforms
  117. 10.01: Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift
  118. 10.02: Plate Boundaries
  119. 10.03: Crustal Deformation
  120. 10.3.01: Folding and Faulting
  121. 10.3.02: Geographic Patterns of Faults and Earthquakes
  122. 10.3.03: Tsunamis
  123. 10.04: Review and Additional Resources
  124. 11: Volcanic Processes and Landforms
  125. 11.01: Features of Volcanoes
  126. 11.02: Distribution of Volcanoes
  127. 11.03: Types of Volcanoes and Landscapes
  128. 11.04: Volcanic Hazards
  129. 11.05: Review and Additional Resources
  130. 12: Weathering Erosion and Mass Movement
  131. 12.01: Weathering
  132. 12.02: Mass Movement
  133. 12.03: Water Erosion
  134. 12.04: Review and Additional Resources
  135. 13: Glaciers and ice caps
  136. 13.01: Glaciation
  137. 13.02: Geologic Work of Glaciers
  138. 13.03: Landforms of Continental Glaciation
  139. 13.04: Landforms of Alpine Glaciation
  140. 13.05: Digging Deeper-The Fate of Permafrost in a Warming World
  141. 13.06: Review and Additional Resources
  142. 14: Fluvial Systems
  143. 14.01: The Stream System
  144. 14.02: Channel Geometry and Flow Characteristics
  145. 14.03: Geologic Work of Streams
  146. 14.04: Stream Gradation
  147. 14.05: Landforms of Alluvial Rivers
  148. 14.06: Fluvial Processes in Dry Regions
  149. 14.07: Review and Additional Resources
  150. 15: Ocean and Coastal Systems
  151. 15.01: Water in Motion
  152. 15.02: Coastal Landforms and Processes
  153. 15.03: Types of Coasts
  154. 15.04: Review and Additional Resources
  155. 16: Soil Systems
  156. 16.01: Soil Development
  157. 16.02: Horizon Development Processes
  158. 16.03: Soil Properties
  159. 16.04: Soil Profiles
  160. 16.05: Factors Affecting Soil Development
  161. 16.06: Soil Forming (Pedogenic) Processes
  162. 16.07: Soil Orders
  163. 16.08: Review and Additional Resources
  164. 17: Ecosystems
  165. 17.01: Ecosystem Types and Dynamics
  166. 17.02: Biogeochemical Cycles
  167. 17.03: Soils
  168. 17.04: Soil Degradation
  169. 17.05: Data Dive- Beaver Impacts on Wetlands
  170. 17.06: Review
  171. 18: Earth Biomes
  172. 18.01: Patterns of the Biosphere
  173. 18.02: The Forest Biome
  174. 18.2.01: Tropical Forests
  175. 18.2.02: Midlatitude Forests
  176. 18.2.03: Northern Forests
  177. 18.03: Savanna Biome
  178. 18.04: Grassland Biome
  179. 18.05: The Desert Biome
  180. 18.06: Tundra Biome
  181. 18.07: Review and Additional Resources