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BIOL 1550: Microbiology (2025)

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BIOL 1550: Microbiology (2025)

Biology
Author
Jaydip Dasgupta
Publisher
North Central State College
Source
LibreTexts
License
CC0 / Public domain
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 220 sections
  1. 01: Introduction to Microbiology
  2. 1.01: Introduction to Microbiology
  3. 1.02: Introduction to Microbiology
  4. 1.03: Cellular Organization - Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
  5. 1.04: Classification - The Three Domain System
  6. 1.05: What Our Ancestors Knew
  7. 1.06: A Systematic Approach
  8. 1.07: Types of Microorganisms
  9. 1.08: Classification - The Three Domain System
  10. 1.09: How We See the Invisible World
  11. 1.E: An Invisible World (Exercises)
  12. 1.E: Fundamentals of Microbiology (Exercises)
  13. 02: Microscopes
  14. 2.01: The Properties of Light
  15. 2.02: Peering into the Invisible World
  16. 2.03: Instruments of Microscopy
  17. 2.04: Staining Microscopic Specimens
  18. 2.E: How We See the Invisible World (Exercises)
  19. 03: Macromolecules
  20. 3.01: Organic Molecules
  21. 3.02: Isomerism
  22. 3.03: Functional Groups and Dehydration Reaction
  23. 3.04: Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides and Disaccharides
  24. 3.05: Carbohydrates - Polysaccharides
  25. 3.06: Lipids - Triacylglycerides
  26. 3.07: Lipids - Phospholipids and Membrane
  27. 3.08: Proteins - Building Blocks
  28. 3.09: Protein Structures
  29. 3.10: Using Biochemistry to Identify Microorganisms
  30. 3.E: Microbial Biochemistry (Exercises)
  31. 04: The Prokaryotic Cell - Bacteria
  32. 4.01: Spontaneous Generation
  33. 4.02: Foundations of Modern Cell Theory
  34. 4.03: Unique Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells
  35. 05: The Cell
  36. 5.01: Unique Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells
  37. 5.02: Eukaryotic Cell Anatomy
  38. 5.03: The Cytoplasmic Membrane
  39. 5.04: The Cell Wall
  40. 5.05: The Endomembrane System
  41. 5.5A: The Nucleus
  42. 5.5B: The Endoplasmic Reticulum
  43. 5.5C: The Golgi Complex
  44. 5.06: Other Internal Membrane-Bound Organelles
  45. 5.6A: Mitochondria
  46. 5.6B: Chloroplasts
  47. 5.6C: Lysosomes Peroxisomes Vacuoles and Vesicles
  48. 5.07: Ribosomes
  49. 5.08: The Cytoskeleton
  50. 5.09: Flagella and Cilia
  51. 5.10: The Endosymbiotic Theory
  52. 5.E: The Cell (Exercises)
  53. 5.E: The Eukaryotic Cell (Exercises)
  54. 06: Prokaryotic Pathogens
  55. 6.01: Prokaryote Habitats Relationships and Microbiomes
  56. 6.02: Proteobacteria
  57. 6.03: Nonproteobacteria Gram-negative Bacteria and Phototrophic Bacteria
  58. 6.04: Gram-positive Bacteria
  59. 6.05: Deeply Branching Bacteria
  60. 6.06: Archaea
  61. 6.E: Prokaryotic Diversity (Exercises)
  62. 07: Viruses
  63. 7.01: Viruses
  64. 7.02: The Viral Life Cycle
  65. 7.03: Viruses
  66. 7.3.01: General Characteristics of Viruses
  67. 7.3.02: Size and Shapes of Viruses
  68. 7.3.03: Viral Structure
  69. 7.3.04: Classification of Viruses
  70. 7.3.05: Other Acellular Infectious Agents- Viroids and Prions
  71. 7.3.06: Animal Virus Life Cycles
  72. 7.3.6A: The Productive Life Cycle of Animal Viruses
  73. 7.3.6B: Productive Life Cycle with Possible Latency
  74. 7.3.6C: The Life Cycle of HIV
  75. 7.3.6D: Natural History of a Typical HIV Infection
  76. 7.3.6E: The Role of Viruses in Tumor Production
  77. 7.3.07: Bacteriophage Life Cycles- An Overview
  78. 7.3.7A: The Lytic Life Cycle of Bacteriophages
  79. 7.3.7B: The Lysogenic Life Cycle of Bacteriophages
  80. 7.3.08: Pathogenicity of Animal Viruses
  81. 7.3.09: Bacteriophage-Induced Alterations of Bacteria
  82. 7.3.10: Antiviral Agents
  83. 7.3.11: General Categories of Viral Infections
  84. 7.3.E: Viruses (Exercises)
  85. 7.E: Acellular Pathogens (Exercises)
  86. 08: Acellular Pathogens
  87. 8.01: Isolation Culture and Identification of Viruses
  88. 8.02: Viroids Virusoids and Prions
  89. 8.E: Acellular Pathogens (Exercises)
  90. 09: Microbial Metabolism I
  91. 9.01: Energy Matter and Enzymes
  92. 9.02: Catabolism of Carbohydrates
  93. 9.03: Cellular Respiration
  94. 9.04: Fermentation
  95. 9.05: Catabolism of Lipids and Proteins
  96. 9.06: Photosynthesis and the Importance of Light
  97. 9.07: Biogeochemical Cycles
  98. 9.E: Microbial Metabolism (Exercises)
  99. 10: Microbial Metabolism II
  100. 10.01: Cellular Respiration
  101. 10.02: Fermentation
  102. 10.03: Catabolism of Lipids and Proteins
  103. 10.04: Photosynthesis and the Importance of Light
  104. 10.05: Biogeochemical Cycles
  105. 10.E: Microbial Metabolism (Exercises)
  106. 11: Microbial Growth
  107. 11.01: How Microbes Grow
  108. 11.02: Oxygen Requirements for Microbial Growth
  109. 11.03: The Effects of pH on Microbial Growth
  110. 11.04: Temperature and Microbial Growth
  111. 11.05: Other Environmental Conditions that Affect Growth
  112. 11.06: Media Used for Bacterial Growth
  113. 11.E: Microbial Growth (Exercises)
  114. 12: DNA and RNA
  115. 12.01: Using Microbiology to Discover the Secrets of Life
  116. 12.02: Structure and Function of DNA
  117. 12.03: Structure and Function of RNA
  118. 12.04: The Structure and Function of Cellular Genomes
  119. 12.E: Biochemistry of the Genome (Exercises)
  120. 13: DNA Replication Transcription and Translation
  121. 13.01: What Are Genes
  122. 13.02: DNA Replication
  123. 13.03: RNA Transcription
  124. 13.04: Protein Synthesis (Translation)
  125. 13.E: Mechanisms of Microbial Genetics (Exercises)
  126. 14: Horizontal Gene Transfer and Operons
  127. 14.01: Mutations
  128. 14.02: How Asexual Prokaryotes Achieve Genetic Diversity
  129. 14.03: Gene Regulation - Operon Theory
  130. 14.E: Mechanisms of Microbial Genetics (Exercises)
  131. 15: Antibiotics
  132. 15.01: Discovering Antimicrobial Drugs
  133. 15.02: Antibacterial Drugs
  134. 15.03: Antibacterial Drugs
  135. 15.04: Drugs Targeting Other Microorganisms
  136. 15.05: Clinical Considerations
  137. 15.06: Testing the Effectiveness of Antimicrobials
  138. 15.E: Antimicrobial Drugs (Exercises)
  139. 16: Antibiotic Resistance and Other Antimicrobials
  140. 16.01: The Emergence of Drug Resistance
  141. 16.02: Current Strategies for Antimicrobial Discovery
  142. 16.E: Antimicrobial Drugs (Exercises)
  143. 17: Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity
  144. 17.01: Characteristics of Infectious Diseases
  145. 17.02: How Pathogens Cause Disease
  146. 17.03: Virulence Factors
  147. 17.04: Aseptic Techniques
  148. 17.E: Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity (Exercises)
  149. 18: Disease and Epidemiology
  150. 18.01: The Language of Epidemiologists
  151. 18.02: Tracking Infectious Diseases
  152. 18.03: How Diseases Spread
  153. 18.04: Global Public Health
  154. 18.E: Disease and Epidemiology (Exercises)
  155. 19: Epidemiological Studies and Public Health
  156. 19.01: Descriptive Epidemiology
  157. 19.02: Analytical Epidemiology
  158. 19.03: Experimental Epidemiology
  159. 19.04: Public Health Measures for Disease Control
  160. 19.05: Global Health
  161. 19.06: Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases
  162. 19.07: Biological Weapons
  163. 19.08: Technology and New Infectious Agents
  164. 19.09: Current Epidemics
  165. 20: Innate Immunity 1
  166. 20.01: Physical Defenses Overview
  167. 20.02: Physical Barreirs - Skin and Mucous Membranes
  168. 20.03: Chemical Defenses - Overview
  169. 20.04: Chemical Defenses - Antimicrobial Peptides (AMP) and Plasma Protein Mediators
  170. 20.05: Chemical Defenses - Complement System
  171. 20.06: Chemical Defenses - Cytokines
  172. 20.E: Innate Immune Defenses I (Exercises)
  173. 21: Innate Immunity II
  174. 21.01: Cellular Defenses - Overview
  175. 21.02: Cellular Defenses - Granulocytes
  176. 21.03: Cellular Defenses - Agranulocytes
  177. 21.04: Pathogen Recognition
  178. 21.05: Phagocytosis
  179. 21.06: Inflammation
  180. 21.07: Fever
  181. 21.E: Innate Immune Defenses II (Exercises)
  182. 22: Adaptive Immunity I
  183. 22.01: Adaptive Immune Defenses - Overview
  184. 22.02: Antigens
  185. 22.03: Antibodies
  186. 22.04: Antigen-Antibody Interactions
  187. 22.05: Major Histocompatibility Complexes (MHC)
  188. 22.06: Antigen Presenting Cells (APC)
  189. 22.E: Adaptive Immunity I (Exercises)
  190. 23: Adaptive Immunity II
  191. 23.01: T Lymphocytes - Overview
  192. 23.02: T-Cell Receptors (TCR) and Helper T Cells
  193. 23.03: Cytotoxic T Cells and Superantigens
  194. 23.04: B Lymphocytes and Antibodies
  195. 23.05: B Cell Activation
  196. 23.06: Vaccines
  197. 23.07: Variolation and Vaccination
  198. 23.08: Classes of Vaccines
  199. 23.E: Adaptive Immunity II (Exercises)
  200. 24: Hypersensitivites
  201. 24.01: Type I Hypersensitivities
  202. 24.02: Type II Hypersensitivities
  203. 24.03: Type III Hypersensitivities
  204. 24.04: Type IV Hypersensitivities
  205. 24.05: Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis and Summary
  206. 24.06: Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypersensitivities
  207. 24.E: Diseases of the Immune System (Exercises)
  208. 25: Diseases of the Immune System
  209. 25.01: Organ-Specific Autoimmune Disorders
  210. 25.02: Systemic Autoimmune Disorders
  211. 25.03: Organ Transplantation and Rejection
  212. 25.04: Immunodeficiency
  213. 25.E: Diseases of the Immune System (Exercises)
  214. 26: Laboratory Analysis of the Immune Response
  215. 26.01: Practical Applications of Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies
  216. 26.02: Detecting Antigen-Antibody Complexes in vitro
  217. 26.03: Agglutination Assays
  218. 26.04: Enzyme Immunoassays (EIA) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA)
  219. 26.05: Fluorescent Auto-Antibody Techniques
  220. 26.E: Laboratory Analysis of the Immune Response (Exercises)