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Introduction to Fluid Motions and Sediment Transport

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Introduction to Fluid Motions and Sediment Transport

This course introduces students to aspects of fluid dynamics relevant to transport and deposition of particulate sedimentary materials. Emphasis is on the structure of turbulent shear flows and the forces exerted by fluid motions on bed of loosed sediment. With fluid dynamics as background, the course deals with sediment movement as bed load and suspended load, and with the geometry, kinematics, and dynamics of ripple and dune bed forms.

SedimentologyGeosciences
Author
John Southard
Publisher
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Source
LibreTexts
License
CC BY-NC-SA
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 111 sections
  1. 01: Introduction
  2. 1.01: The Nature of Fluids
  3. 1.02: Pressure
  4. 1.03: Viscosity
  5. 1.04: Diffusion
  6. 02: Flow Past a Sphere I - Dimensional Analysis Reynolds Numbers and Froude Numbers
  7. 2.01: Introduction
  8. 2.02: Which Variables are Important?
  9. 2.03: Some Dimensional Reasoning and its Consequences
  10. 2.04: How to Construct Dimensionless Variables
  11. 2.05: What if You Choose the Wrong Variables?
  12. 2.06: "Dimensional Analysis"
  13. 2.07: Significance of Reynolds Numbers and Froude Numbers
  14. 03: Flow Past a Sphere II - Stokes' Law The Bernoulli Equation Turbulence Boundary Layers Flow Separation
  15. 3.01: Introduction and the Navier-Stokes Equation
  16. 3.02: Flow Past a Sphere at Low Reynolds Numbers
  17. 3.03: Inviscid Flow
  18. 3.04: The Bernoulli Equation
  19. 3.05: Turbulence
  20. 3.06: Boundary Layers
  21. 3.07: Flow Separation
  22. 3.08: Flow Past a Sphere at High Reynolds Numbers
  23. 3.09: Settling of Spheres
  24. 04: Flow in Channels
  25. 4.01: Introduction to Flow in Channels
  26. 4.02: Laminar Flow Down an Inclined Plane
  27. 4.03: Turbulent Flow in Channels - Initial Material
  28. 4.04: Turbulent Shear Stress
  29. 4.05: Structure of Turbulent Boundary Layers
  30. 4.06: Flow Resistance
  31. 4.07: Velocity Profiles
  32. 4.08: More on the Structure of Turbulent Boundary Layers- Coherent Structures in Turbulent Shear Flow
  33. 05: Open-Channel Flow
  34. 5.01: Introduction
  35. 5.02: Two Practical Problems
  36. 5.03: Uniform Flow
  37. 5.04: Energy in Open-Channel Flow
  38. 5.05: The Hydraulic Jump
  39. 5.06: Hydraulic Regimes of Open-Channel Flow
  40. 5.07: Gradually Varied Flow
  41. 06: Oscillatory Flow
  42. 6.01: Introduction
  43. 6.02: The Nature of Waves
  44. 6.03: Water Motions Due to Waves
  45. 6.04: Wave Boundary Layers
  46. 6.05: Combined Flow (Waves plus Current)
  47. 07: Flow in Rotating Environments
  48. 7.01: Playing on a Rotating Table
  49. 7.02: The Coriolis Effect on the Earth's Surface
  50. 7.03: The Rossby Number and Inertia Currents
  51. 7.04: The Ekman Spiral
  52. 7.05: Geostrophic Motion
  53. 7.06: Ekman Layers
  54. 7.07: Planetary Boundary Layers- The Ekman Layer, The Logarithmic Layer, and The Mixed Layer
  55. 08: Sediments Variables Flumes
  56. 8.01: Introduction to Sediment
  57. 8.02: Hydrodynamic Perspective
  58. 8.03: Particle Motions vs. Turbulence
  59. 8.04: Observing Sediment Transport
  60. 8.05: Variables
  61. 8.06: Flumes
  62. 09: Threshold of Movement
  63. 9.01: Introduction
  64. 9.02: Forces on Bed Particles
  65. 9.03: Balance of Forces and Dimensional Analysis
  66. 9.04: Movement Threshold
  67. 9.05: Recasting the Shields Diagram
  68. 9.06: The Effect of Density Ratio
  69. 10: Movement of Sediment by Water Flows
  70. 10.01: Introduction
  71. 10.02: The Bed, the Flow, and the Load
  72. 10.03: Transport Mode Versus Flow Intensity
  73. 10.04: Bed Load
  74. 10.05: Suspension in a Shear Flow- The Diffusional Theory of Suspension
  75. 11: Movement of Sediment by the Wind
  76. 11.01: Introduction
  77. 11.02: Saltation I
  78. 11.03: Saltation II
  79. 12: Bed Configurations Generated by Water Flows and the Wind
  80. 12.01: Introduction to Bed Configurations
  81. 12.02: Unidirectional-Flow Bed Configurations
  82. 12.03: Velocity Profiles over Ripples
  83. 12.04: Movement of Ripples and Dunes
  84. 12.05: 2D Dunes and 3D Dunes
  85. 12.06: Oscillatory-Flow and Combined-Flow Bed Configurations
  86. 12.07: Wind Ripples and Eolian Dunes
  87. 12.08: Works Cited and Reading List
  88. 13: The Sediment Transport Rate
  89. 13.01: Introduction to Sediment Transport Rates
  90. 13.02: The Sediment Load and the Sediment Transport Rate
  91. 13.03: Predicting the Sediment Transport Rate
  92. 14: Mixed-Size Sediments
  93. 14.01: Introduction
  94. 14.02: Several Consequences of Size
  95. 14.03: A Look at Some Real Data on Fractional Transport Rates, From the Flume and From the Field
  96. 14.04: Movement Threshold in Mixed-Sized Sediments
  97. 14.05: Deviations from the Condition of Equal Mobility
  98. 15: Deposition
  99. 15.01: Introduction
  100. 15.02: Modes of Deposition
  101. 15.03: Why Deposition or Erosion?
  102. 16: Cross Stratification
  103. 16.01: Stratification and Cross Stratification
  104. 16.02: The Nature of Cross Stratification
  105. 16.03: The Basic Idea Behind Climbing-Bed-Form Cross Stratification
  106. 16.04: Important Kinds of Climbing-Bed-Form Cross Stratification
  107. 16.05: Cross Stratification Not Produced by Climbing Bed Forms
  108. 17: Planar Stratification
  109. 17.01: Introduction to Planar Stratification
  110. 17.02: The Origin of Planar Lamination in Sands and Sandstones
  111. 17.03: Planar Lamination in Fine Sediments