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Principles of Microeconomics 3e
Principles of Microeconomics 3e covers the scope and sequence of most one semester introductory microeconomics courses. The third edition takes a balanced approach to the theory and application of microeconomics concepts. The text uses conversational language and ample illustrations to explore economic theories, and provides a wide array of examples using both fictional and real-world applications. The third edition has been carefully and thoroughly updated to reflect recent developments.
- Author
- OpenStax
- Publisher
- LibreTexts
- Source
- LibreTexts
- License
- CC BY
- Language
- EN
- Category
- Economics
Contents· 272 sections
- 1.01: Welcome to Economics
- 1.1.01: Introduction
- 1.1.02: What Is Economics and Why Is It Important
- 1.1.03: Microeconomics and Macroeconomics
- 1.1.04: How Economists Use Theories and Models to Understand Economic Issues
- 1.1.05: How To Organize Economies- An Overview of Economic Systems
- 1.1.06: Key Terms
- 1.1.07: Key Concepts and Summary
- 1.1.08: Self-Check Questions
- 1.1.09: Review Questions
- 1.1.10: Critical Thinking Questions
- 1.02: Choice in a World of Scarcity
- 1.2.01: Introduction
- 1.2.02: How Individuals Make Choices Based on Their Budget Constraint
- 1.2.03: The Production Possibilities Frontier and Social Choices
- 1.2.04: Confronting Objections to the Economic Approach
- 1.2.05: Key Terms
- 1.2.06: Key Concepts and Summary
- 1.2.07: Self-Check Questions
- 1.2.08: Review Questions
- 1.2.09: Critical Thinking Questions
- 1.2.10: Problems
- 1.03: Demand and Supply
- 1.3.01: Introduction
- 1.3.02: Free Markets and Efficiency
- 1.3.03: Free Markets Enhanced Growth
- 1.3.3.01: Free Markets - Sustainability
- 1.3.3.1.01: Free Markets Enhanced Growth
- 1.3.04: Demand Supply and Equilibrium in Markets for Goods and Services
- 1.3.05: Shifts in Demand and Supply for Goods and Services
- 1.3.06: Changes in Equilibrium Price and Quantity- The Four-Step Process
- 1.3.07: Price Ceilings and Price Floors
- 1.3.08: Demand Supply and Efficiency
- 1.3.09: Key Terms
- 1.3.10: Key Concepts and Summary
- 1.3.11: Self-Check Questions
- 1.3.12: Review Questions
- 1.3.13: Critical Thinking Questions
- 1.3.14: Problems
- 1.04: Elasticity
- 1.4.01: Introduction
- 1.4.02: Rubber Band Theory
- 1.4.03: Price Elasticity of Demand and Price Elasticity of Supply
- 1.4.04: Polar Cases of Elasticity and Constant Elasticity
- 1.4.05: Elasticity and Pricing
- 1.4.06: Elasticity in Areas Other Than Price
- 1.4.07: Key Terms
- 1.4.08: Key Concepts and Summary
- 1.4.09: Self-Check Questions
- 1.4.10: Review Questions
- 1.4.11: Critical Thinking Questions
- 1.4.12: Problems
- 1.05: Poverty and Economic Inequality
- 1.5.01: Introduction
- 1.5.02: Drawing the Poverty Line
- 1.5.03: The Poverty Trap
- 1.5.04: The Safety Net
- 1.5.05: Income Inequality- Measurement and Causes
- 1.5.06: Government Policies to Reduce Income Inequality
- 1.5.07: Key Terms
- 1.5.08: Key Concepts and Summary
- 1.5.09: Self-Check Questions
- 1.5.10: Review Questions
- 1.5.11: Critical Thinking Questions
- 1.5.12: Problems
- 1.06: Environmental Protection and Negative Externalities
- 1.6.01: Introduction
- 1.6.02: The Economics of Pollution
- 1.6.03: Command-and-Control Regulation
- 1.6.04: Market-Oriented Environmental Tools
- 1.6.05: The Benefits and Costs of U.S. Environmental Laws
- 1.6.06: International Environmental Issues
- 1.6.07: The Tradeoff between Economic Output and Environmental Protection
- 1.6.08: Key Terms
- 1.6.09: Key Concepts and Summary
- 1.6.10: Self-Check Questions
- 1.6.11: Review Questions
- 1.6.12: Critical Thinking Questions
- 1.6.13: Problems
- 1.07: Positive Externalities and Public Goods
- 1.7.01: Introduction
- 1.7.02: Investments in Innovation
- 1.7.03: How Governments Can Encourage Innovation
- 1.7.04: Public Goods
- 1.7.05: Key Terms
- 1.7.06: Key Concepts and Summary
- 1.7.07: Self-Check Questions
- 1.7.08: Review Questions
- 1.7.09: Critical Thinking Questions
- 1.7.10: Problems
- 1.08: Production Costs and Industry Structure
- 1.8.01: Introduction
- 1.8.02: Explicit and Implicit Costs and Accounting and Economic Profit
- 1.8.03: Production in the Short Run
- 1.8.04: Costs in the Short Run
- 1.8.05: Production in the Long Run
- 1.8.06: Costs in the Long Run
- 1.8.07: Key Terms
- 1.8.08: Key Concepts and Summary
- 1.8.09: Self-Check Questions
- 1.8.10: Review Questions
- 1.8.11: Critical Thinking Questions
- 1.8.12: Problems
- 1.09: Perfect Competition
- 1.9.01: Introduction
- 1.9.02: Perfect Competition and Why It Matters
- 1.9.03: How Perfectly Competitive Firms Make Output Decisions
- 1.9.04: Entry and Exit Decisions in the Long Run
- 1.9.05: Efficiency in Perfectly Competitive Markets
- 1.9.06: Key Terms
- 1.9.07: Key Concepts and Summary
- 1.9.08: Self-Check Questions
- 1.9.09: Review Questions
- 1.9.10: Critical Thinking Questions
- 1.9.11: Problems
- 1.10: Monopoly
- 1.10.01: Introduction
- 1.10.02: Market Environment
- 1.10.03: How Monopolies Form- Barriers to Entry
- 1.10.04: How a Profit-Maximizing Monopoly Chooses Output and Price
- 1.10.05: Key Terms
- 1.10.06: Key Concepts and Summary
- 1.10.07: Self-Check Questions
- 1.10.08: Review Questions
- 1.10.09: Critical Thinking Questions
- 1.10.10: Problems
- 1.11: Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly
- 1.11.01: Introduction
- 1.11.02: Monopolistic Competition
- 1.11.03: Oligopoly
- 1.11.04: Matrix Games
- 1.11.05: Nash Equilibrium
- 1.11.06: Mixed Strategies
- 1.11.07: Subgame Perfection
- 1.11.08: Examples
- 1.11.09: Key Terms
- 1.11.10: Key Concepts and Summary
- 1.11.11: Self-Check Questions
- 1.11.12: Review Questions
- 1.11.13: Critical Thinking Questions
- 1.11.14: Problems
- 1.12: Monopoly and Antitrust Policy
- 1.12.01: Introduction
- 1.12.02: Corporate Mergers
- 1.12.03: Regulating Anticompetitive Behavior
- 1.12.04: Regulating Natural Monopolies
- 1.12.05: The Great Deregulation Experiment
- 1.12.06: Key Terms
- 1.12.07: Key Concepts and Summary
- 1.12.08: Self-Check Questions
- 1.12.09: Review Questions
- 1.12.10: Critical Thinking Questions
- 1.12.11: Problems
- 1.13: Consumer Choices
- 1.13.01: Introduction
- 1.13.02: Consumption Choices
- 1.13.03: How Changes in Income and Prices Affect Consumption Choices
- 1.13.04: Behavioral Economics- An Alternative Framework for Consumer Choice
- 1.13.05: Key Terms
- 1.13.06: Key Concepts and Summary
- 1.13.07: Self-Check Questions
- 1.13.08: Review Questions
- 1.13.09: Critical Thinking Questions
- 1.13.10: Problems
- 1.14: Labor and Financial Markets
- 1.14.01: Introduction
- 1.14.02: Demand and Supply at Work in Labor Markets
- 1.14.03: Demand and Supply in Financial Markets
- 1.14.04: The Market System as an Efficient Mechanism for Information
- 1.14.05: Key Terms
- 1.14.06: Key Concepts and Summary
- 1.14.07: Self-Check Questions
- 1.14.08: Review Questions
- 1.14.09: Critical Thinking Questions
- 1.14.10: Problems
- 1.15: Labor Markets and Income
- 1.15.01: Introduction
- 1.15.02: The Theory of Labor Markets
- 1.15.03: Wages and Employment in an Imperfectly Competitive Labor Market
- 1.15.04: Market Power on the Supply Side of Labor Markets- Unions
- 1.15.05: Bilateral Monopoly
- 1.15.06: Employment Discrimination
- 1.15.07: Immigration
- 1.15.08: Key Terms
- 1.15.09: Key Concepts and Summary
- 1.15.10: Self-Check Questions
- 1.15.11: Review Questions
- 1.15.12: Critical Thinking Questions
- 1.16: Information Risk and Insurance
- 1.16.01: Introduction
- 1.16.02: The Problem of Imperfect Information and Asymmetric Information
- 1.16.03: Insurance and Imperfect Information
- 1.16.04: Key Terms
- 1.16.05: Key Concepts and Summary
- 1.16.06: Self-Check Questions
- 1.16.07: Review Questions
- 1.16.08: Critical Thinking Questions
- 1.16.09: Problems
- 1.17: Financial Markets
- 1.17.01: Introduction
- 1.17.02: How Businesses Raise Financial Capital
- 1.17.03: How Households Supply Financial Capital
- 1.17.04: How to Accumulate Personal Wealth
- 1.17.05: Key Terms
- 1.17.06: Key Concepts and Summary
- 1.17.07: Self-Check Questions
- 1.17.08: Review Questions
- 1.17.09: Critical Thinking Questions
- 1.17.10: Problems
- 1.18: Public Economy
- 1.18.01: Introduction
- 1.18.02: Voter Participation and Costs of Elections
- 1.18.03: Special Interest Politics
- 1.18.04: Flaws in the Democratic System of Government
- 1.18.05: Key Terms
- 1.18.06: Key Concepts and Summary
- 1.18.07: Self-Check Questions
- 1.18.08: Review Questions
- 1.18.09: Critical Thinking Questions
- 1.18.10: Problems
- 1.19: International Trade
- 1.19.01: Introduction
- 1.19.02: Trade in our daily lives
- 1.19.03: Absolute and Comparative Advantage
- 1.19.04: What Happens When a Country Has an Absolute Advantage in All Goods
- 1.19.05: Intra-industry Trade between Similar Economies
- 1.19.06: Trade barriers- Tariffs subsidies and quotas
- 1.19.07: The Benefits of Reducing Barriers to International Trade
- 1.19.08: Key Terms
- 1.19.09: Key Concepts and Summary
- 1.19.10: Self-Check Questions
- 1.19.11: Review Questions
- 1.19.12: Critical Thinking Questions
- 1.19.13: Problems
- 1.20: Globalization and Protectionism
- 1.20.01: Introduction
- 1.20.02: Protectionism- An Indirect Subsidy from Consumers to Producers
- 1.20.03: International Trade and Its Effects on Jobs Wages and Working Conditions
- 1.20.04: Arguments in Support of Restricting Imports
- 1.20.05: How Governments Enact Trade Policy- Globally Regionally and Nationally
- 1.20.06: The Tradeoffs of Trade Policy
- 1.20.07: Key Terms
- 1.20.08: Key Concepts and Summary
- 1.20.09: Self-Check Questions
- 1.20.10: Review Questions
- 1.20.11: Critical Thinking Questions
- 1.20.12: Problems
- 1.21: Appendix
- 1.21.01: Appendix A- The Use of Mathematics in Principles of Economics
- 1.21.02: Appendix B- Indifference Curves
- 1.21.03: Appendix C- Present Discounted Value
- 1.21.04: Answer Key
- 1.21.4.01: Chapter 1
- 1.21.4.02: Chapter 2
- 1.21.4.03: Chapter 3
- 1.21.4.04: Chapter 4
- 1.21.4.05: Chapter 5
- 1.21.4.06: Chapter 6
- 1.21.4.07: Chapter 7
- 1.21.4.08: Chapter 8
- 1.21.4.09: Chapter 9
- 1.21.4.10: Chapter 10
- 1.21.4.11: Chapter 11
- 1.21.4.12: Chapter 12
- 1.21.4.13: Chapter 13
- 1.21.4.14: Chapter 14
- 1.21.4.15: Chapter 15
- 1.21.4.16: Chapter 16
- 1.21.4.17: Chapter 17
- 1.21.4.18: Chapter 18
- 1.21.4.19: Chapter 19
- 1.21.4.20: Chapter 20