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Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of Animals
Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of Animals explores the structure and function of animal bodies across major taxa, emphasizing both diversity and common biological principles. The text begins with the fundamentals of classification, tissues, and homeostasis, then examines the major organ systems—digestive, excretory, nervous, sensory, muscular, endocrine, respiratory, circulatory, and thermoregulatory.
- Author
- Glené Mynhardt
- Publisher
- Hanover College
- Source
- LibreTexts
- License
- CC BY
- Language
- EN
- Category
- Basic Sciences
Contents· 95 sections
- 01: Fundamentals of Animal Physiology
- 1.01: Features Used to Classify Animals
- 1.02: Prelude to The Animal Body
- 1.03: Animal Form and Function
- 1.04: Animal Primary Tissues
- 1.05: Homeostasis
- 1.E: The Animal Body - Basic Form and Function (Exercises)
- 02: The Digestive System
- 2.01: Prelude to Animal Nutrition and the Digestive System
- 2.02: Digestive Systems
- 2.03: Nutrition and Energy Production
- 2.04: Digestive System Processes
- 2.05: Digestive System Regulation
- 2.E: Animal Nutrition and the Digestive System (Exercises)
- 03: The Excretory System
- 3.01: Prelude to Osmotic Regulation and Excretion
- 3.02: Osmoregulation and Osmotic Balance
- 3.03: The Kidneys and Osmoregulatory Organs
- 3.04: Excretion Systems
- 3.05: Nitrogenous Wastes
- 3.06: Hormonal Control of Osmoregulatory Functions
- 04: Basics of the Nervous System
- 4.01: Prelude to the Nervous System
- 4.02: Neurons and Glial Cells
- 4.03: How Neurons Communicate
- 05: The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
- 5.01: The Central Nervous System
- 5.02: The Peripheral Nervous System
- 5.03: Nervous System Disorders
- 06: Sensory Physiology
- 6.01: Introduction
- 6.02: Sensory Processes
- 6.03: Somatosensation
- 6.04: Taste and Smell
- 6.05: Hearing and Vestibular Sensation
- 6.06: Vision
- 6.E: Sensory Systems (Exercises)
- 07: The Muscular System
- 7.01: Prelude to the Musculoskeletal System
- 7.02: Types of Skeletal Systems
- 7.03: Muscle Contraction and Locomotion
- 08: The Endocrine System
- 8.01: Introduction
- 8.02: Types of Hormones
- 8.03: How Hormones Work
- 8.04: Regulation of Body Processes
- 8.05: Regulation of Hormone Production
- 8.06: Endocrine Glands
- 8.E: The Endocrine System (Exercises)
- 09: The Respiratory System
- 9.01: Prelude to the Respiratory System
- 9.02: Systems of Gas Exchange
- 9.03: Gas Exchange across Respiratory Surfaces
- 9.04: Breathing
- 9.05: Transport of Gases in Human Bodily Fluids
- 10: The Circulatory System
- 10.01: Prelude to the Circulatory System
- 10.02: Overview of the Circulatory System
- 10.03: Components of the Blood
- 10.04: Mammalian Heart and Blood Vessels
- 10.05: Blood Flow and Blood Pressure Regulation
- 10.E: The Circulatory System (Exercises)
- 11: Thermoregulation
- 11.01: Homeostasis
- 12: Review Topics
- 12.01: Biological Macromolecules
- 12.1.01: Prelude to Biological Macromolecules
- 12.1.02: Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules
- 12.1.03: Carbohydrates
- 12.1.04: Lipids
- 12.1.05: Proteins
- 12.1.06: Nucleic Acids
- 12.02: Cell Structure
- 12.2.01: Prelude to Cell Structure
- 12.2.02: Studying Cells
- 12.2.03: Prokaryotic Cells
- 12.2.04: Eukaryotic Cells
- 12.2.05: The Endomembrane System and Proteins
- 12.2.06: The Cytoskeleton
- 12.2.07: Connections between Cells and Cellular Activities
- 12.2.E: Cell Structure (Exercises)
- 12.03: Structure and Function of Plasma Membranes
- 12.3.01: Prelude to Structure and Function of Plasma Membranes
- 12.3.02: Components and Structure
- 12.3.03: Passive Transport
- 12.3.04: Active Transport
- 12.3.05: Bulk Transport
- 12.3.E: Structure and Function of Plasma Membranes (Exercises)
- 12.04: Cell Communication
- 12.4.01: Prelude to Cell Communication
- 12.4.02: Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
- 12.4.03: Propagation of the Signal
- 12.4.04: Response to the Signal
- 12.4.05: Signaling in Single-Celled Organisms
- 12.4.E: Cell Communication (Exercises)