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Chemistry 110: An Introduction to General, Organic and Biological Chemistry

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Chemistry 110: An Introduction to General, Organic and Biological Chemistry

This text takes up the fundamental concepts of general, organic, and biological chemistry. Emphasis is placed on the relationship between chemistry and the health/medical sciences, so the course is especially appropriate for students who intend to pursue a career in nursing and other health-related professions, including kinesiology and psychology.

Chemistry
Author
Garima Garg
Publisher
Rio Hondo College
Source
LibreTexts
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 186 sections
  1. 01: Chemistry in Our Lives
  2. 1.01: Chemicals Compose Ordinary Things
  3. 1.02: Medicine
  4. 1.03: The Scientific Method - How Chemists Think
  5. 1.04: A Beginning Chemist - How to Succeed
  6. 1.05: Measurements
  7. 1.06: Scientific Notation - Writing Large and Small Numbers
  8. 02: Chemistry and Measurements
  9. 2.01: Taking Measurements
  10. 2.02: The Basic Units of Measurement
  11. 2.03: Measuring Mass Length and Volume
  12. 2.04: Measurement and Significant Figures
  13. 2.05: Significant Figures in Calculations
  14. 2.06: Problem Solving and Unit Conversions
  15. 2.07: Solving Multi-step Conversion Problems
  16. 2.08: Density
  17. 2.09: Dosage Calculations
  18. 03: Matter and Energy
  19. 3.01: What is Matter
  20. 3.02: Classifying Matter According to Its Composition
  21. 3.03: Classifying Matter According to Its StateSolid Liquid and Gas
  22. 3.04: Differences in Matter- Physical and Chemical Properties
  23. 3.05: Changes in Matter - Physical and Chemical Changes
  24. 3.06: Chemical Reactions - Examples of Chemical Change
  25. 3.07: Temperature - Random Motion of Molecules and Atoms
  26. 3.08: States of Matter and Their Changes
  27. 04: Atoms and Elements
  28. 4.01: The Elements
  29. 4.02: The Periodic Table
  30. 4.03: Indivisible - The Atomic Theory
  31. 4.04: The Nuclear Atom
  32. 4.05: The Properties of Protons Neutrons and Electrons
  33. 4.06: Elements- Defined by Their Number of Protons
  34. 4.07: Isotopes - When the Number of Neutrons Varies
  35. 4.08: Atomic Mass - The Average Mass of an Elements Atoms
  36. 4.09: Electromagnetic Spectrum
  37. 4.10: Arrangements of Electrons
  38. 4.11: The Periodic Table
  39. 05: Ionic and Molecular Compounds
  40. 5.01: Ions and Ionic Compounds
  41. 5.02: Chemical Bond
  42. 5.03: Covalent Bond
  43. 5.04: Molecular Compounds
  44. 5.05: Energy and Covalent Bond Formation
  45. 5.06: Lewis Electron-Dot Structures
  46. 5.07: Single Covalent Bonds
  47. 5.08: Multiple Covalent Bonds
  48. 5.09: Bond Polarity
  49. 5.10: Polar Molecules
  50. 5.11: VSEPR Theory
  51. 5.12: Molecular Shapes- No Lone Pairs on Central Atoms
  52. 5.13: Molecular Shapes - Lone Pair(s) on Central Atom
  53. 5.14: Physical Properties and Intermolecular Forces
  54. 06: Chemical Quantities and Reactions
  55. 6.01: Avogadro's Number
  56. 6.02: Conversions Between Moles and Atoms
  57. 6.03: Chemical Formulas as Conversion Factors
  58. 6.04: Molar Mass
  59. 6.05: Conversions Between Moles and Mass
  60. 6.06: Word Equations
  61. 6.07: Chemical Equations
  62. 6.08: Balancing Equations
  63. 6.09: Combination Reactions
  64. 6.10: Decomposition Reactions
  65. 6.11: Combustion Reactions
  66. 6.12: Single Replacement Reactions
  67. 6.13: Activity Series
  68. 6.14: Double Replacement Reactions
  69. 6.15: Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions
  70. 6.16: Redox Reactions in Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
  71. 6.17: Quantitative Relationships Based on Chemical Equations
  72. 6.18: Mass-Mole Stoichiometry
  73. 6.19: Mass-Mass Stoichiometry
  74. 6.20: Energy and Chemical Bonds
  75. 6.21: Heat Changes during Chemical Reactions
  76. 6.22: Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions
  77. 6.23: Why Do Chemical Reactions Occur Free Energy
  78. 6.24: How Do Chemical Reactions Occur Reaction Rates
  79. 6.25: Effects of Temperature Concentration and Catalysts on Reaction Rates
  80. 07: Gases
  81. 7.01: Gases and the Kinetic-Molecular Theory
  82. 7.02: Pressure
  83. 7.03: Boyles Law - The Relation between Volume and Pressure
  84. 7.04: Charless Law- The Relation between Volume and Temperature
  85. 7.05: Gay-Lussac's Law- The Relationship Between Pressure and Temperature
  86. 7.06: The Combined Gas Law
  87. 7.07: Avogadros Law - The Relation between Volume and Molar Amount
  88. 7.08: The Ideal Gas Law
  89. 7.09: Partial Pressure and Dalton's Law
  90. 08: Solutions
  91. 8.01: Introduction to solution
  92. 8.02: Solubility
  93. 8.03: Electrolytes
  94. 8.04: Concentration of solutions
  95. 8.05: Osmosis
  96. 09: Acids and Bases
  97. 9.01: Acids and Bases Definitions
  98. 9.02: Acid and Base Strength
  99. 9.03: Acid Dissociation Constants
  100. 9.04: Water as Both an Acid and a Base
  101. 9.05: Measuring Acidity in Aqueous Solutions- The pH Scale
  102. 9.06: Working with pH
  103. 9.07: Acid-base equilibrium
  104. 9.08: Shifting Equilibria - Le Chatelier's Principle
  105. 9.09: Reactions of Acids and Bases
  106. 9.10: Acids and Bases in Industry and in Daily Life
  107. 9.11: Buffers- Solutions that Resist pH Change
  108. 10: Introduction to Organic Chemistry- Hydrocarbons
  109. 10.01: Prelude to Organic Chemistry - Alkanes and Halogenated Hydrocarbons
  110. 10.02: Organic Chemistry
  111. 10.03: Structures and Names of Alkanes
  112. 10.04: Branched-Chain Alkanes
  113. 10.05: Condensed Structural and Line-Angle Formulas
  114. 10.06: IUPAC Nomenclature
  115. 10.07: Physical Properties of Alkanes
  116. 10.08: Chemical Properties of Alkanes
  117. 10.09: Halogenated Hydrocarbons
  118. 10.10: Cycloalkanes
  119. 10.11: Prelude to Unsaturated and Aromatic Hydrocarbons
  120. 10.12: Alkenes- Structures and Names
  121. 10.13: Cis-Trans Isomers (Geometric Isomers)
  122. 10.14: Physical Properties of Alkenes
  123. 10.15: Chemical Properties of Alkenes
  124. 10.16: Polymers
  125. 10.17: Alkynes
  126. 10.18: Aromatic Compounds- Benzene
  127. 10.19: Structure and Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds
  128. 10.E: Organic Chemistry- Alkanes and Halogenated Hydrocarbons (Exercises)
  129. 10.E: Unsaturated and Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Exercises)
  130. 10.S: Organic Chemistry- Alkanes and Halogenated Hydrocarbons (Summary)
  131. 10.S: Unsaturated and Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Summary)
  132. 11: Alcohols Thiols Aldehydes and Ketones
  133. 11.01: Prelude to Organic Compounds of Oxygen
  134. 11.02: Organic Compounds with Functional Groups
  135. 11.03: Alcohols - Nomenclature and Classification
  136. 11.04: Physical Properties of Alcohols
  137. 11.05: Reactions that Form Alcohols
  138. 11.06: Reactions of Alcohols
  139. 11.07: Phenols
  140. 11.08: Ethers
  141. 11.09: Aldehydes and Ketones- Structure and Names
  142. 11.10: Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones
  143. 11.11: Organic Sulfur Compounds
  144. 11.E: Organic Compounds of Oxygen (Exercises)
  145. 11.S: Organic Compounds of Oxygen (Summary)
  146. 12: Carboxylic Acids Esters Amines and Amides
  147. 12.01: Prelude to Organic Acids and Bases and Some of Their Derivatives
  148. 12.02: Carboxylic Acids - Structures and Names
  149. 12.03: The Formation of Carboxylic Acids
  150. 12.04: Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids
  151. 12.05: Chemical Properties of Carboxylic Acids- Ionization and Neutralization
  152. 12.06: Esters - Structures and Names
  153. 12.07: Physical Properties of Esters
  154. 12.08: Preparation of Esters
  155. 12.09: Hydrolysis of Esters
  156. 12.10: Amines - Structures and Names
  157. 12.11: Physical Properties of Amines
  158. 12.12: Amines as Bases
  159. 12.13: Amides- Structures and Names
  160. 12.14: Physical Properties of Amides
  161. 12.15: Formation of Amides
  162. 12.16: Chemical Properties of Amides- Hydrolysis
  163. 12.S: Organic Acids and Bases and Some of Their Derivatives (Summary)
  164. 13: Carbohydrates
  165. 13.01: Prelude to Carbohydrates
  166. 13.02: Carbohydrates
  167. 13.03: Classes of Monosaccharides
  168. 13.04: Important Hexoses
  169. 13.05: Cyclic Structures of Monosaccharides
  170. 13.06: Properties of Monosaccharides
  171. 13.07: Disaccharides
  172. 13.08: Polysaccharides
  173. 13.S: Carbohydrates (Summary)
  174. 14: Lipids
  175. 14.01: Prelude to Lipids
  176. 14.02: Fatty Acids
  177. 14.03: Fats and Oils
  178. 14.04: Membranes and Membrane Lipids
  179. 14.05: Steroids
  180. 14.S: Lipids (Summary)
  181. 15: Amino Acids Proteins and Enzymes
  182. 15.01: Prelude to Amino Acids Proteins and Enzymes
  183. 15.02: Properties of Amino Acids
  184. 15.03: Reactions of Amino Acids
  185. 15.04: Peptides
  186. 15.05: Proteins