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Introduction to Physics

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Introduction to Physics

This textbook is intended for a one-semester introduction to physics course, requiring as little mathematics as possible. Students are expected to have taken some algebra and geometry at high-school level, but no higher level of mathematics is required (and use of algebra and geometry is minimized as much as possible, in order to emphasize the concepts of physics).

Conceptual PhysicsPhysics
Author
Andrew Park
Publisher
apark
Source
LibreTexts
License
CC BY
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 176 sections
  1. 01: Introduction
  2. 1.01: Introduction
  3. 1.1.01: Science and the Realm of Physics Physical Quantities and Units
  4. 1.1.02: Physics - An Introduction
  5. 1.1.03: Physical Quantities and Units
  6. 1.1.04: Introduction (Exercise)
  7. 02: Mechanics I - Motion and Forces
  8. 2.02: Kinematics
  9. 2.2.01: Introduction to One-Dimensional Kinematics
  10. 2.2.02: Displacement
  11. 2.2.03: Vectors Scalars and Coordinate Systems
  12. 2.2.04: Time Velocity and Speed
  13. 2.2.05: Acceleration
  14. 2.2.06: Motion Equations for Constant Acceleration in One Dimension
  15. 2.2.07: Falling Objects
  16. 2.2.08: Projectile Motion
  17. 2.2.09: Centripetal Acceleration
  18. 2.2.10: Kinematics (Exercise)
  19. 2.03: Dynamics
  20. 2.3.01: Introduction to Dynamics- Newtons Laws of Motion
  21. 2.3.02: Development of Force Concept
  22. 2.3.03: Newtons First Law of Motion- Inertia
  23. 2.3.04: Newtons Second Law of Motion- Force and Acceleration
  24. 2.3.05: Newtons Third Law of Motion- Symmetry in Forces
  25. 2.3.06: Normal Force and Tension
  26. 2.3.07: Spring Force- Hookes Law
  27. 2.3.08: Friction
  28. 2.3.09: Newtons Universal Law of Gravitation
  29. 2.3.10: Centripetal Force
  30. 2.3.11: Dynamics (Exercise)
  31. 03: Unit 2- Mechanics II - Energy and Momentum Oscillations and Waves Rotation and Fluids
  32. 3.04: Work and Energy
  33. 3.4.01: Introduction to Work and Energy
  34. 3.4.02: Work- The Scientific Definition
  35. 3.4.03: Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Theorem
  36. 3.4.04: Gravitational Potential Energy
  37. 3.4.05: Conservative Forces Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy
  38. 3.4.06: Spring Potential Energy
  39. 3.4.07: Power
  40. 3.4.08: Work and Energy (Exercise)
  41. 3.05: Impulse and Momentum
  42. 3.5.01: Introduction to Linear Momentum and Collisions
  43. 3.5.02: Linear Momentum and Force
  44. 3.5.03: Impulse
  45. 3.5.04: Conservation of Momentum
  46. 3.5.05: Elastic Collisions in One Dimension
  47. 3.5.06: Inelastic Collisions in One Dimension
  48. 3.5.07: Impulse and Momentum (Exercise)
  49. 3.06: Oscillations and Waves
  50. 3.6.01: Introduction to Oscillatory Motion and Waves
  51. 3.6.02: Period and Frequency in Oscillations
  52. 3.6.03: Simple Harmonic Motion- A Special Periodic Motion
  53. 3.6.04: Forced Oscillations and Resonance
  54. 3.6.05: Waves
  55. 3.6.06: Wave Interference- Standing Waves and Beats
  56. 3.6.07: Sound
  57. 3.6.08: Speed of Sound Frequency and Wavelength
  58. 3.6.09: Doppler Effect and Sonic Booms
  59. 3.6.10: Oscillations and Waves (Exercise)
  60. 3.07: Rotation
  61. 3.7.01: Introduction to Rotational Motion and Angular Momentum
  62. 3.7.02: Angular Acceleration
  63. 3.7.03: Dynamics of Rotational Motion- Rotational Inertia
  64. 3.7.04: Rotational Kinetic Energy
  65. 3.7.05: Angular Momentum and Its Conservation
  66. 3.7.06: Gyroscopic Effects- Vector Aspects of Angular Momentum
  67. 3.7.07: Rotation (Exercise)
  68. 3.08: Fluids
  69. 3.8.01: Introduction to Fluids
  70. 3.8.02: What Is a Fluid
  71. 3.8.03: Density
  72. 3.8.04: Pressure
  73. 3.8.05: Pressure Due to the Weight of Fluid
  74. 3.8.06: Archimedes Principle
  75. 3.8.07: Flow Rate and Its Relation to Velocity
  76. 3.8.08: Bernoullis Equation
  77. 3.8.09: Fluids (Exercise)
  78. 04: Unit 3- Classical Physics - Thermodynamics Electricity and Magnetism and Light
  79. 4.09: Thermal Physics
  80. 4.9.01: Introduction to Thermal Physics
  81. 4.9.02: Temperature
  82. 4.9.03: The Ideal Gas Law
  83. 4.9.04: Heat
  84. 4.9.05: Heat Transfer Methods
  85. 4.9.06: Temperature Change and Heat Capacity
  86. 4.9.07: Phase Change and Latent Heat
  87. 4.9.08: The First Law of Thermodynamics
  88. 4.9.09: The First Law of Thermodynamics and Heat Engine Processes
  89. 4.9.10: Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics- Heat Engines and Their Efficiency
  90. 4.9.11: Carnots Perfect Heat Engine- The Second Law of Thermodynamics Restated
  91. 4.9.12: Applications of Thermodynamics- Heat Pumps and Refrigerators
  92. 4.9.13: Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics- Disorder and the Unavailability of Energy
  93. 4.9.14: Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics- The Underlying Explanation
  94. 4.9.15: Thermal Physics (Exercises)
  95. 4.10: Electricity
  96. 4.10.01: Introduction to Electricity
  97. 4.10.02: Static Electricity and Charge- Conservation of Charge
  98. 4.10.03: Coulombs Law
  99. 4.10.04: Electric Field- Concept of a Field Revisited
  100. 4.10.05: Electric Field Lines
  101. 4.10.06: Electric Potential and Potential Energy
  102. 4.10.07: Conductors and Applications of Electrostatics
  103. 4.10.08: Current
  104. 4.10.09: Ohms Law- Resistance and Simple Circuits
  105. 4.10.10: Electric Power and Energy
  106. 4.10.11: Resistors in Series and Parallel
  107. 4.10.12: Electric Hazards and the Human Body
  108. 4.10.13: Electricity (Exercise)
  109. 4.11: Magnetism
  110. 4.11.01: Introduction to Magnetism
  111. 4.11.02: Magnets
  112. 4.11.03: Ferromagnets and Electromagnets
  113. 4.11.04: Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Field Lines
  114. 4.11.05: Magnetic Field Strength- Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field
  115. 4.11.06: Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor
  116. 4.11.07: Motors and Meters
  117. 4.11.08: Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents- Amperes Law
  118. 4.11.09: Induced Voltage and Magnetic Flux
  119. 4.11.10: Faradays Law of Induction- Lenzs Law
  120. 4.11.11: Transformers
  121. 4.11.12: Alternating Current versus Direct Current
  122. 4.11.13: Magnetism (Exercise)
  123. 4.12: Light
  124. 4.12.01: Introduction to Light
  125. 4.12.02: Maxwells Equations- Electromagnetic Waves Predicted and Observed
  126. 4.12.03: Production and Properties of Electromagnetic Waves
  127. 4.12.04: The Electromagnetic Spectrum- an Overview
  128. 4.12.05: The Electromagnetic Spectrum- Application Notes
  129. 4.12.06: Reflection
  130. 4.12.07: Refraction
  131. 4.12.08: Dispersion- The Rainbow and Prisms
  132. 4.12.09: Image Formation by Lenses
  133. 4.12.10: Image Formation by Mirrors
  134. 4.12.11: Polarization
  135. 4.12.12: Light (Exercises)
  136. 05: Unit 4- Modern Physics - Quantum Mechanics Special Relativity and Nuclear and Particle Physics
  137. 5.13: Quantum Mechanics
  138. 5.13.01: Introduction to Quantum Mechanics
  139. 5.13.02: Blackbody Radiation
  140. 5.13.03: The Photoelectric Effect
  141. 5.13.04: The Wave Nature of Matter
  142. 5.13.05: Uncertainty Principle
  143. 5.13.06: Discovery of the Atomic Nucleus
  144. 5.13.07: Bohrs Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
  145. 5.13.08: The Wave Nature of Matter Causes Quantization
  146. 5.13.09: Quantum Mechanics (Exercise)
  147. 5.14: Special Relativity
  148. 5.14.01: Prelude to Special Relativity
  149. 5.14.02: Einsteins Postulates
  150. 5.14.03: Simultaneity and Time Dilation
  151. 5.14.04: Length Contraction
  152. 5.14.05: Relativistic Addition of Velocities
  153. 5.14.06: Relativistic Momentum
  154. 5.14.07: Relativistic Energy
  155. 5.14.08: Special Relativity (Exercise)
  156. 5.15: Nuclear and Particle Physics
  157. 5.15.01: Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics
  158. 5.15.02: Nuclear Radioactivity
  159. 5.15.03: Radiation Detection and Detectors
  160. 5.15.04: Substructure of the Nucleus
  161. 5.15.05: Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
  162. 5.15.06: Half-Life and Activity
  163. 5.15.07: Medical Imaging and Diagnostics
  164. 5.15.08: Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
  165. 5.15.09: Fusion
  166. 5.15.10: Fission
  167. 5.15.11: Nuclear Weapons
  168. 5.15.12: The Four Basic Forces
  169. 5.15.13: Particles Patterns and Conservation Laws
  170. 5.15.14: GUTs- The Unification of Forces
  171. 5.15.15: Nuclear and Particle Physics (Exercise)
  172. 06: Appendices
  173. 6.16: Atomic Masses
  174. 6.17: Selected Radioactive Isotopes
  175. 6.18: Useful Information
  176. 6.19: Glossary of Key Symbols and Notation