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Advanced Chemistry

Chemistry

Author: David Karlin
Publisher: The Williams School
Source: LibreTexts
Language: EN
Category: Basic Sciences

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Contents· 152 sections

01: Chemical Foundations
1.01: The Scope of Chemistry
1.02: Taking Measurements
1.03: Scientific Notation - Writing Large and Small Numbers
1.04: Problem Solving and Unit Conversions
1.05: Solving Multi-step Conversion Problems
02: Atomic Structure
2.01: Atomic Structure
2.02: Masses of Atoms and Molecules
2.03: Electron Configurations
2.04: Electronic Structure and the Periodic Table
2.05: Periodic Trends- Atomic Size Ionization Energy Electron Affinity and Metallic Character
03: Chemical Bonding
3.01: Valence Electrons
3.02: Ions
3.03: Formulas for Ionic Compounds
3.04: Ionic Nomenclature
3.05: Covalent Bonds
3.06: The Covalent structure of Polyatomic Ions
3.07: Covalent Compounds - Formulas and Names
04: Covalent Bonds
4.01: Characteristics of Covalent compounds
4.02: Multiple Covalent Bonds
4.03: Molecular Geometry
4.04: Electronegativity and Bond Polarity
05: Chemical Reactions
5.01: Chemical Equations
5.02: Classifying Chemical Reactions
5.03: Redox Reactions
06: Reaction Kinetics
6.01: Rate of a Chemical Reaction
6.02: The Rate Law- The Effect of Concentration on Reaction Rate
6.03: The Integrated Rate Law- The Dependence of Concentration on Time
6.04: The Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rate
6.05: Catalysis
07: Chemical Equilibrium
7.01: The Concept of Dynamic Equilibrium
7.02: The Equilibrium Constant (K)
7.03: Calculating the Equilibrium Constant From Measured Equilibrium Concentrations Part 1
7.04: Calculating the Equilibrium Constant From Measured Equilibrium Concentrations Part 2
7.05: Le Chateliers Principle - How a System at Equilibrium Responds to Disturbances
08: Acids and Bases
8.01: Definitions of Acids and Bases
8.02: Autoionization of Water and pH
8.03: Acid Strength and the Acid Dissociation Constant (Ka)
8.04: Acid Strength and Molecular Structure
8.05: Weak Acids
8.06: Lewis Acids and Bases
8.07: Buffer Solutions
8.08: Henderson-Hasselbalch Approximation
09: Introduction to Organic Chemistry
9.01: Why Is Organic Chemistry Special
9.02: sp Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Methane
9.03: sp Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Ethylene
9.04: sp Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Acetylene
9.05: Hybridization of Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorus and Sulfur
9.06: Describing Chemical Bonds- Molecular Orbital Theory
9.07: Lone Pair Electrons and Bonding Theories
9.08: Drawing Chemical Structures
9.09: A Review of Isomerism
9.10: Enantiomers and the Tetrahedral Carbon
9.11: Polar Covalent Bonds - Dipole Moments
9.12: Organic Acids and Organic Bases
9.13: Noncovalent Interactions Between Molecules
10: Organic Functional Groups
10.01: Organic Functional Groups
10.02: Generic (Abbreviated) Structures (aka R Groups)
10.03: Overview of the IUPAC Naming Strategy
10.04: Alkanes
10.05: Alkenes
10.06: Alcohols - Classification and Nomenclature
10.07: Ethers Epoxides and Sulfides
10.08: Aldehydes and Ketones
10.09: Amines - Classification and Nomenclature
10.10: Benzene and its Derivatives
10.11: Carboxylic Acids
11: An Overview of Organic Reactions
11.01: Kinds of Organic Reactions
11.02: How Organic Reactions Occur - Mechanisms
11.03: Polar Reactions
11.04: An Example of a Polar Reaction - Addition of HBr to Ethylene
11.05: Using Curved Arrows in Polar Reaction Mechanisms
11.06: Radical Reactions
12: Thermochemistry
12.01: Describing a Reaction - Equilibria Rates and Energy Changes
12.02: Describing a Reaction - Bond Dissociation Energies
12.03: Describing a Reaction - Energy Diagrams and Transition States
12.04: Describing a Reaction- Intermediates
12.05: Reaction Mechanisms
12.06: A Comparison between Biological Reactions and Laboratory Reactions
13: Polymers
13.01: Polymerization - Making Big Ones Out of Little Ones
13.02: Addition Polymerization - One One One ... Gives One
13.03: Polymerization of Alkenes
13.04: Properties of Polymers
13.05: Plastics and the Environment
13.06: Biodegradable Plastics
14: Biological Polymers
14.01: Carbohydrates
14.02: Carbohydrates- Monosaccharides
14.03: Glycosides Disaccharides Polysaccharides
14.04: Starch and Cellulose
14.05: Amino Acids
14.06: Peptides
14.07: Polypeptides and Proteins
15: Neurochemistry
15.01: A Drug's Life
15.02: Neurotransmitters and Antidepressants
15.03: Analgesics
15.04: No Pain Your Gain
15.05: Narcotic Analgesics
15.06: Stimulants
15.07: Antidepressant medications
16: Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry
16.01: Hard and Soft Acids and Bases
16.02: Prelude to Redox Stability and Redox Reactions
16.03: Electrochemical Potentials
17: Crystallography
17.01: Unit Cells and Crystal Structures
17.02: Crystal Structures of Metals
17.03: Bragg's Law
17.04: X-ray Diffraction
18: Ionic and Covalent Solids - Structures
18.01: Prelude to Ionic and Covalent Solids - Structures
18.02: Close-packing and Interstitial Sites
18.03: Structures Related to NaCl and NiAs
18.04: Tetrahedral Structures
18.05: Layered Structures and Intercalation Reactions
19: Metals and Alloys
19.01: Bonding in Metals
19.02: Defects in Metallic Crystals
19.03: Work Hardening Alloying and Annealing
19.04: Malleability of Metals and Alloys
19.05: Iron and Steel
19.06: Amorphous Alloys
20: Conductivity and Magnetism
20.01: Conduction in Metals
20.02: Semiconductors- Band Gaps Colors Conductivity and Doping
20.03: Semiconductor p-n Junctions
20.04: Diodes LEDs and Solar Cells
20.05: Atomic Orbitals and Magnetism
20.06: Ferro- Ferri- and Antiferromagnetism
21: Basic Science of Nanomaterials
21.01: Nanoscale Metal Particles
21.02: Semiconductor Quantum Dots
21.03: Synthesis of Semiconductor Nanocrystals
21.04: Surface Energy
21.05: Carbon Nanomaterials
21.06: Transmission Electron Microscopy
21.07: Scanning Probe Microscopy - STM and AFM
21.08: Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
21.09: Atomic Force Microscopy