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Introduction to Genetics

External

Introduction to Genetics

Biology
Author
Ying Liu
Publisher
City College of San Francisco
Source
LibreTexts
License
Mixed
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 215 sections
  1. 01: DNA Genes Chromosomes and Genome
  2. 1.01: Introduction
  3. 1.02: DNA is the Genetic Material
  4. 1.03: DNA Structure
  5. 1.04: Genes are the Basic Units of Inheritance
  6. 1.05: Genes and Genomes
  7. 1.06: Model Organisms Facilitate Genetic Advances
  8. 1.E: Overview DNA and Genes (Exercises)
  9. 1.S: Overview DNA and Genes (Summary)
  10. 02: Cells and Mitosis
  11. 2.01: Introduction
  12. 2.02: Studying Cells
  13. 2.03: DNA is Packaged into Chromatin
  14. 2.04: The Cell Cycle and Changes in DNA Content
  15. 2.05: Karyotypes Describe Chromosome Number and Structure
  16. 2.06: Key Words and Terms
  17. 03: Meiosis - Sexual Reproduction
  18. 3.01: Overview of Meiosis
  19. 3.02: Meiosis I
  20. 3.03: Meiosis II
  21. 3.04: Meiosis
  22. 3.05: Comparing Meiosis and Mitosis
  23. 3.06: Errors in Meiosis
  24. 04: Mendelian Genetics
  25. 4.01: Introduction
  26. 4.02: Introduction
  27. 4.03: Mendels Experiments
  28. 4.04: Punnett Squares and Test Crosses
  29. 4.05: Laws of Inheritance
  30. 4.06: Mendels First Law
  31. 4.07: Relationships Between Genes Genotypes and Phenotypes
  32. 4.08: Pedigree Analysis
  33. 4.8.01: Symbols used in Pedigree Charts
  34. 4.8.02: Modes of Inheritance
  35. 4.8.03: Sporadic and Non-Heritable Diseases
  36. 4.8.04: Calculating Probabilities Using Pedigree Charts
  37. 4.8.05: Chapter 4 Summary
  38. 4.8.06: Key Terms in Chapter 4
  39. 4.8.07: Chapter 4 Study Questions
  40. 4.8.08: Chapter 4 Answers
  41. 4.09: Pedigrees and Punnett Squares
  42. 4.10: Biochemical Basis of Dominance
  43. 4.11: Black fur color - a dominant trait
  44. 4.12: Yellow fur color - a recessive trait
  45. 4.13: Sex-Linkage- An Exception to Mendels First Law
  46. 4.14: Phenotypes May Not Be As Expected from the Genotype
  47. 4.15: Phenotypic Ratios May Not Be As Expected
  48. 4.16: Extensions of the Laws of Inheritance
  49. 4.E: Genetic Analysis of Single Genes (Exercises)
  50. 4.S: Genetic Analysis of Single Genes (Summary)
  51. 05: Genetic Analysis of Multiple Genes
  52. 5.01: Dihybrid Crosses
  53. 5.02: Epistasis and Other Gene Interactions
  54. 5.03: Example of Multiple Genes Affecting One Character
  55. 5.04: Alleles at a Single Locus
  56. 5.4.01: Introduction
  57. 5.4.02: Somatic vs. Germline Mutations
  58. 5.4.03: Alleles- Hetero- Homo- Hemizygosity
  59. 5.4.04: Pleiotropy vs. Polygenic Inheritance
  60. 5.4.05: Types of Dominance
  61. 5.4.06: Biochemical Basis of Dominance
  62. 5.4.07: Classification of Mutants
  63. 5.4.08: Muller's Morphs
  64. 5.4.09: Chapter 6 Summary
  65. 5.4.10: Key Terms in Chapter 6
  66. 5.4.11: Chapter 6 Study Questions
  67. 5.4.12: Chapter 6 Answers
  68. 5.E: Genetic Analysis of Multiple Genes (Exercises)
  69. 5.S: Genetic Analysis of Multiple Genes (Summary)
  70. 06: Sex Chromosomes Sex Linkage
  71. 6.01: Introduction
  72. 6.02: Autosomes and Sex Chromosomes
  73. 6.03: Pseudo-Autosomal Regions on the X and Y Chromosomes
  74. 6.04: Sex Linkage- An Exception to Mendel's First Law
  75. 6.05: Y-Linked Genes
  76. 6.06: Chapter 10 Summary
  77. 6.07: Key Terms in Chapter 10
  78. 6.08: Chapter 10 Study Questions
  79. 6.09: Chapter 10 Answers
  80. 07: DNA Structure and Function
  81. 7.01: Introduction
  82. 7.02: Historical Basis of Modern Understanding
  83. 7.03: DNA Structure and Sequencing
  84. 7.04: Basics of DNA Replication
  85. 7.05: DNA Replication in Prokaryotes
  86. 7.06: DNA Replication in Eukaryotes
  87. 7.07: DNA Repair
  88. 7.08: Key Terms
  89. 7.09: Chapter Summary
  90. 7.10: Visual Connection Questions
  91. 7.11: Review Questions
  92. 7.12: Critical Thinking Questions
  93. 08: Genes and Proteins
  94. 8.01: Introduction
  95. 8.02: The Genetic Code
  96. 8.03: Prokaryotic Transcription
  97. 8.04: Eukaryotic Transcription
  98. 8.05: RNA Processing in Eukaryotes
  99. 8.06: Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
  100. 8.07: Gene Expression
  101. 8.7.01: Introduction
  102. 8.7.02: Regulation of Gene Expression
  103. 8.7.03: Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
  104. 8.7.04: Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation
  105. 8.7.05: Eukaryotic Transcription Gene Regulation
  106. 8.7.06: Eukaryotic Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation
  107. 8.7.07: Eukaryotic Translational and Post-translational Gene Regulation
  108. 8.7.08: Cancer and Gene Regulation
  109. 8.7.09: Key Terms
  110. 8.7.10: Chapter Summary
  111. 8.7.11: Visual Connection Questions
  112. 8.7.12: Review Questions
  113. 8.7.13: Critical Thinking Questions
  114. 8.08: Key Terms
  115. 8.09: Chapter Summary
  116. 8.10: Visual Connection Questions
  117. 8.11: Regulation of Gene Expression
  118. 8.11.01: The lac Operon
  119. 8.11.02: The Use of Mutants to Study the lac Operon
  120. 8.11.03: Eukaryotic Gene Regulation
  121. 8.11.04: Regulatory Elements in Evolution
  122. 8.11.05: Additional Levels of Regulating Transcription
  123. 8.11.06: Epigenetics
  124. 8.11.07: Regulation of Gene Expression (Exercises)
  125. 8.11.08: Gene Expression Essentials
  126. 8.11.S: Regulation of Gene Expression (Summary)
  127. 8.12: Review Questions
  128. 8.13: Critical Thinking Questions
  129. 09: Mutation and Variation
  130. 9.01: Mutation and Polymorphism
  131. 9.02: Origins of Mutations
  132. 9.03: Genetic screening for mutations- Forward genetics
  133. 9.04: Types of Mutations
  134. 9.05: Some mutations may not have detectable phenotypes
  135. 9.06: Complementation tests and Allelism
  136. 9.07: Example of Human Mutations
  137. 9.08: Linkage and Mapping
  138. 9.8.01: Linkage
  139. 9.8.02: Recombination
  140. 9.8.03: Linkage Reduces Recombination Frequency
  141. 9.8.04: Crossovers Allow Recombination of Linked Loci
  142. 9.8.05: Inferring Recombination From Genetic Data
  143. 9.8.06: Genetic Mapping
  144. 9.8.07: Mapping With Three-Point Crosses
  145. 9.8.E: Linkage and Mapping (Exercises)
  146. 9.8.S: Linkage and Mapping (Summary)
  147. 9.E: Mutation and Variation (Exercises)
  148. 9.S: Mutation and Variation (Summary)
  149. 10: Changes in Chromosome Number and Structure
  150. 10.01: Changes in Chromosome Number
  151. 10.02: Changes in Chromosome Structure
  152. 10.03: Chromosome Abnormalities in Humans
  153. 10.04: Diagnosing Human Chromosome Abnormalities
  154. 10.E: Changes in Chromosome Number and Structure (Exercises)
  155. 10.S: Changes in Chromosome Number and Structure (Summary)
  156. 11: Pedigrees and Populations
  157. 11.01: Prelude to Pedigrees and Populations
  158. 11.02: Pedigree Analysis
  159. 11.03: Inferring the Mode of Inheritance
  160. 11.04: Sporadic and Non-Heritable Diseases
  161. 11.05: Calculating Probabilities
  162. 11.06: Population Genetics
  163. 11.E: Pedigrees and Populations (Exercises)
  164. 11.S: Pedigrees and Populations (Summary)
  165. 12: Techniques of Molecular Genetics
  166. 12.01: Prelude to Molecular Genetics
  167. 12.02: Isolating Genomic DNA
  168. 12.03: Isolating or Detecting a Specific Sequence by PCR
  169. 12.04: Cutting and Pasting DNA- Restriction Digests and DNA Ligation
  170. 12.05: Cloning DNA - Plasmid Vectors
  171. 12.06: DNA Analysis - Gel Electrophoresis
  172. 12.07: DNA Analysis- Blotting and Hybridization
  173. 12.08: Transgenic organisms
  174. 12.09: Techniques of Molecular Genetics (Exercises)
  175. 12.S: Techniques of Molecular Genetics (Summary)
  176. 13: Cancer Genetics
  177. 13.01: Classification of Cancers
  178. 13.02: Cancer Cell Biology
  179. 13.03: Hallmarks of Cancer
  180. 13.04: Mutagens and Carcinogens
  181. 13.05: Oncogenes
  182. 13.06: Tumor Suppressor Genes
  183. 13.07: The Poster Boy of Genetic Research Leading to a Cancer Treatment Gleevec (Imatinib)
  184. 13.08: Genes and COVID-19 Susceptibility in Humans
  185. 13.8.01: Introduction
  186. 13.8.02: How Does SARS-Cov-2 Infect Humans
  187. 13.8.03: Genes Implicated in Severe COVID-19 Infection in Humans
  188. 13.8.04: Approaches for Vaccine Development Against SARSCov2
  189. 13.8.05: Chapter 13 Summary
  190. 13.8.06: Key Terms in Chapter 13
  191. 13.E: Cancer Genetics (Exercises)
  192. 13.S: Cancer Genetics (Summary)
  193. 14: Genomics and Systems Biology
  194. 14.01: Omics Technologies
  195. 14.02: DNA Sequencing
  196. 14.03: Whole Genome Sequencing
  197. 14.04: Functional Genomics Determining Function(s)
  198. 14.E: Genomics and Systems Biology (Exercises)
  199. 14.S: Genomics and Systems Biology (Summary)
  200. 15: Molecular Markers and Quantitative Traits
  201. 15.01: Some Variations in the Genome Affect Complex Traits
  202. 15.02: Origins of Molecular Polymorphisms
  203. 15.03: Classification and Detection of Molecular Markers
  204. 15.04: Applications of Molecular Markers
  205. 15.05: Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) Analysis
  206. 15.E: Molecular Markers and Quantitative Traits (Exercises)
  207. 15.S: Molecular Markers and Quantitative Traits (Summary)
  208. 16: Appendix1Simple Nomenclature
  209. 16.01: Textbook Introduction
  210. 16.02: Why Use Nomenclature
  211. 16.03: Biochemistry of GeneBehavior
  212. 16.04: Basic Nomenclature
  213. 16.05: Three-Letter Symbols
  214. 16.06: Linked Genes
  215. 16.07: Summary