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Human Biology

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Human Biology

Human biology is an interdisciplinary area of study that examines humans through the influences and interplay of many diverse fields such as genetics, evolution, physiology, anatomy, epidemiology, anthropology, ecology, nutrition, population genetics and sociocultural influences; it is closely related to physical anthropology.

Human BiologyBiology
Author
Suzanne Wakim & Mandeep Grewal
Publisher
Butte College
Source
LibreTexts
License
CC BY
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 222 sections
  1. 01: The Nature and Process of Science
  2. 1.1: Case Study - Why Should You Learn About Science
  3. 1.2: What Is Science
  4. 1.3: The Nature of Science
  5. 1.4: Theories in Science
  6. 1.5: Scientific Investigations
  7. 1.6: Scientific Experiments
  8. 1.7: Extrapolations of Scientific Investigations
  9. 1.8: Case Study Conclusion: Shot and Chapter Summary
  10. 02: Introduction to Human Biology
  11. 2.1: Case Study - Why Should You Study Human Biology
  12. 2.2: Shared Traits of All Living Things
  13. 2.3: Diversity of Life
  14. 2.4: The Human Animal
  15. 2.5: Case Study Conclusion: Inhabitants and Chapter Summary
  16. 03: Chemistry of Life
  17. 3.01: Case Study: Chemistry and Your Life
  18. 3.02: Elements and Compounds
  19. 3.03: Chemical Bonding
  20. 3.04: Biochemical Compounds
  21. 3.05: Carbohydrates
  22. 3.06: Lipids
  23. 3.07: Proteins
  24. 3.08: Nucleic Acids
  25. 3.09: Energy in Chemical Reactions
  26. 3.10: Chemical Reactions in Living Things
  27. 3.11: Biochemical Properties of Water
  28. 3.12: Acids and Bases
  29. 3.13: Case Study Conclusion: Diet and Chapter Summary
  30. 04: Nutrition
  31. 4.1: Case Study: Fueling Our Bodies Properly
  32. 4.2: Nutrients
  33. 4.3: Healthy Eating
  34. 4.4: Eating Disorders
  35. 4.5: Obesity
  36. 4.6: Undernutrition
  37. 4.7: Foodborne Diseases
  38. 4.8: Case Study Conclusion: Fast Food and Chapter Summary
  39. 05: Cells
  40. 5.01: Case Study: The Importance of Cells
  41. 5.02: Discovery of Cells and Cell Theory
  42. 5.03: Variation in Cells
  43. 5.04: Plasma Membrane
  44. 5.05: Cytoplasm and Cytoskeleton
  45. 5.06: Cell Organelles
  46. 5.07: Cell Transport
  47. 5.08: Active Transport and Homeostasis
  48. 5.09: Cellular Respiration
  49. 5.10: Fermentation
  50. 5.11: Case Study Conclusion: Tired and Chapter Summary
  51. 06: DNA and Protein Synthesis
  52. 6.01: Case Study: Why do we need to sequence everybody's genome
  53. 6.02: DNA and RNA
  54. 6.03: Chromosomes and Genes
  55. 6.04: Protein Synthesis
  56. 6.05: Genetic Code
  57. 6.06: Mutations
  58. 6.07: Regulation of Gene Expression
  59. 6.08: Biotechnology
  60. 6.09: The Human Genome
  61. 6.10: Case Study Conclusion: Parmacogenomics and Chapter Summary
  62. 07: Cell Reproduction
  63. 7.1: Case Study: Genetic Similarities and Differences
  64. 7.2: Cell Cycle and Cell Division
  65. 7.3: Mitotic Phase - Mitosis and Cytokinesis
  66. 7.4: Mutations and Cancer
  67. 7.5: Sexual Reproduction: Meiosis and gametogenesis
  68. 7.6: Genetic Variation
  69. 7.7: Mitosis vs. Meiosis and Disorders
  70. 7.8: Case Study Conclusion: Genes and Chapter Summary
  71. 08: Inheritance
  72. 8.1: Case Study: Genes and Inheritance
  73. 8.2: Laws of Inheritance
  74. 8.3: Genetics of Inheritance
  75. 8.4: Simple Inheritance
  76. 8.5: Complex Inheritance
  77. 8.6: Genetic Disorders
  78. 8.7: Case Study Conclusion: Cancer and Chapter Summary
  79. 09: Biological Evolution
  80. 9.1: Case Study: Everyday Evolution
  81. 9.2: Darwin Wallace and the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
  82. 9.3: Evidence for Evolution
  83. 9.4: Microevolution
  84. 9.5: Macroevolution
  85. 9.6: Tools for Studying Evolution
  86. 9.7: Adaptation in Humans
  87. 9.8: Case Study Conclusion: Flu and Chapter Summary
  88. 10: Introduction to the Human Body
  89. 10.1: Case Study: Getting to Know Your Body
  90. 10.2: Organization of the Body
  91. 10.3: Human Cells and Tissues
  92. 10.4: Human Organs and Organ Systems
  93. 10.5: Human Body Cavities
  94. 10.6: Interaction of Organ Systems
  95. 10.7: Homeostasis and Feedback
  96. 10.8: Case Study Conclusion: Pressure and Chapter Summary
  97. 11: Nervous System
  98. 11.1: Case Study: The Control Center of Your Body
  99. 11.2: Introduction to the Nervous System
  100. 11.3: Neurons
  101. 11.4: Nerve Impulses
  102. 11.5: Central Nervous System
  103. 11.6: Peripheral Nervous System
  104. 11.7: Human Senses
  105. 11.8: Psychoactive Drugs
  106. 11.9: Case Study Conclusion: Memory and Chapter Summary
  107. 12: Endocrine System
  108. 12.1: Case Study: Hormones and Health
  109. 12.2: Introduction to the Endocrine System
  110. 12.3: Endocrine Hormones
  111. 12.4: Pituitary Gland
  112. 12.5: Thyroid Gland
  113. 12.6: Adrenal Glands
  114. 12.7: Pancreas
  115. 12.8: Case Study Conclusion: Hormonal and Chapter Summary
  116. 13: Integumentary System
  117. 13.1: Case Study: Skin Cancer
  118. 13.2: Introduction to the Integumentary System
  119. 13.3: Skin
  120. 13.4: Hair and Nails
  121. 13.5: Case Study Conclusion: Skin Cancer and Chapter Summary
  122. 14: Skeletal System
  123. 14.1: Case Study: Your Support System
  124. 14.2: Introduction to the Skeletal System
  125. 14.3: Divisions of the Skeletal System
  126. 14.4: Structure of Bone
  127. 14.5: Bone Growth Remodeling and Repair
  128. 14.6: Joints
  129. 14.7: Disorders of the Skeletal System
  130. 14.8: Case Study Conclusion: Heels and Chapter Summary
  131. 15: Muscular System
  132. 15.1: Case Study: Muscles and Movement
  133. 15.2: Introduction to the Muscular System
  134. 15.3: Types of Muscle Tissue
  135. 15.4: Muscle Contraction
  136. 15.5: Physical Exercise
  137. 15.6: Disorders of the Muscular System
  138. 15.7: Case Study Conclusion: Needing to Relax and Chapter Summary
  139. 16: Respiratory System
  140. 16.1: Case Study: Respiratory System and Gas Exchange
  141. 16.2: Structure and Function of the Respiratory System
  142. 16.3: Breathing
  143. 16.4: Disorders of the Respiratory System
  144. 16.5: Smoking and Health
  145. 16.6: Case Study Conclusion: Bronchitis and Chapter Summary
  146. 17: Cardiovascular System
  147. 17.1: Case Study: Your Body's Transportation System
  148. 17.2: Introduction to the Cardiovascular System
  149. 17.3: Heart
  150. 17.4: Blood Vessels
  151. 17.5: Blood
  152. 17.6: Blood Types
  153. 17.7: Cardiovascular Disease
  154. 17.8: Case Study Conclusion: Flight and Chapter Summary
  155. 18: Digestive System
  156. 18.1: Case Study: Food Processing
  157. 18.2: Introduction to the Digestive System
  158. 18.3: Digestion and Absorption
  159. 18.4: Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
  160. 18.5: Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
  161. 18.6: Accessory Organs of Digestion
  162. 18.7: Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract
  163. 18.8: Case Study Conclusion: Celiac and Chapter Summary
  164. 19: Urinary System
  165. 19.1: Case Study: Waste Management
  166. 19.2: Introduction to the Urinary System
  167. 19.3: Kidneys
  168. 19.4: Ureters Urinary Bladder and Urethra
  169. 19.5: Disorders of the Urinary System
  170. 19.6: Case Study Conclusion: Alcohol and Chapter Summary
  171. 20: Immune System
  172. 20.1: Case Study: Your Defense System
  173. 20.2: Introduction to the Immune System
  174. 20.3: Lymphatic System
  175. 20.4: Innate Immune System
  176. 20.5: Adaptive Immune System
  177. 20.6: Disorders of the Immune System
  178. 20.7: Human Microbiome
  179. 20.8: Case Study Conclusion: Lymphoma and Chapter Summary
  180. 21: Disease
  181. 21.1: Case Study: Threats to Our Health
  182. 21.2: Homeostasis and Disease
  183. 21.3: Infectious Diseases
  184. 21.4: Sexually Transmitted Infections
  185. 21.5: HIV and AIDS
  186. 21.6: Noninfectious Diseases
  187. 21.7: Cancer
  188. 21.8: Case Study Conclusion: Lyme and Chapter Summary
  189. 22: Reproductive System
  190. 22.01: Case Study: Making Babies
  191. 22.02: Introduction to the Reproductive System
  192. 22.03: Structures of the Male Reproductive System
  193. 22.04: Functions of the Male Reproductive System
  194. 22.05: Disorders of the Male Reproductive System
  195. 22.06: Structures of the Female Reproductive System
  196. 22.07: Menstrual Cycle
  197. 22.08: Functions of the Female Reproductive System
  198. 22.09: Disorders of the Female Reproductive System
  199. 22.10: Infertility
  200. 22.11: Contraception
  201. 22.12: Case Study Conclusion: Trying to Conceive and Chapter Summary
  202. 23: Human Growth and Development
  203. 23.1: Case Study: How Our Bodies Change Throughout Life
  204. 23.2: Germinal Stage
  205. 23.3: Embryonic Stage
  206. 23.4: Fetal Stage
  207. 23.5: Infancy
  208. 23.6: Childhood
  209. 23.7: Adolescence and Puberty
  210. 23.8: Adulthood
  211. 23.9: Case Study Conclusion: Lead Danger and Chapter Summary
  212. 24: Ecology
  213. 24.01: Case Study - The Web of Life
  214. 24.02: Introduction to Ecology
  215. 24.03: Ecosystems
  216. 24.04: Community Relationships
  217. 24.05: Energy in Ecosystems
  218. 24.06: Cycles of Matter
  219. 24.07: Introduction to Human Populations
  220. 24.08: Population Dynamics
  221. 24.09: Climate Change
  222. 24.10: Case Study Conclusion: Organic and Chapter Summary