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CHEM 1010: Introductory Chemistry

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CHEM 1010: Introductory Chemistry

Chemistry
Author
Travis Green
Publisher
North Central State College
Source
LibreTexts
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 150 sections
  1. 01: The Chemical World
  2. 1.01: Chemistry and the Scientific Method
  3. 1.1.01: Chemicals Compose Ordinary Things
  4. 1.1.02: Hypothesis Theories and Laws
  5. 1.1.03: The Scientific Method - How Chemists Think
  6. 1.1.04: A Beginning Chemist - How to Succeed
  7. 1.02: Scientific Notation - Writing Large and Small Numbers
  8. 1.2.01: Significant Figures - Writing Numbers to Reflect Precision
  9. 1.2.02: Significant Figures in Calculations
  10. 1.03: Measurement and Problem Solving
  11. 1.3.01: Taking Measurements
  12. 1.3.02: The Basic Units of Measurement
  13. 1.3.03: Problem Solving and Unit Conversions
  14. 1.3.04: Solving Multi-step Conversion Problems
  15. 1.3.05: Units Raised to a Power
  16. 1.3.06: Density
  17. 02: Matter and Energy
  18. 2.01: What is Matter
  19. 2.02: Classifying Matter According to Its StateSolid Liquid and Gas
  20. 2.03: Classifying Matter According to Its Composition
  21. 2.04: Differences in Matter- Physical and Chemical Properties
  22. 2.05: Changes in Matter - Physical and Chemical Changes
  23. 2.06: Conservation of Mass - There is No New Matter
  24. 2.07: Energy and Chemical and Physical Change
  25. 2.08: Temperature - Random Motion of Molecules and Atoms
  26. 2.09: Temperature Changes - Heat Capacity
  27. 2.10: Energy and Heat Capacity Calculations
  28. 03: Atoms and Elements
  29. 3.01: Cutting Aluminum until you get Atoms
  30. 3.02: Indivisible - The Atomic Theory
  31. 3.03: The Nuclear Atom
  32. 3.04: The Properties of Protons Neutrons and Electrons
  33. 3.05: Elements- Defined by Their Number of Protons
  34. 3.06: Looking for Patterns - The Periodic Table
  35. 3.07: Ions - Losing and Gaining Electrons
  36. 3.08: Isotopes - When the Number of Neutrons Varies
  37. 3.09: Atomic Mass - The Average Mass of an Elements Atoms
  38. 04: Molecules and Compounds
  39. 4.01: Sugar and Salt
  40. 4.02: Compounds Display Constant Composition
  41. 4.03: Chemical Formulas - How to Represent Compounds
  42. 4.04: A Molecular View of Elements and Compounds
  43. 4.05: Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds
  44. 4.06: Nomenclature- Naming Compounds
  45. 4.07: Naming Ionic Compounds
  46. 4.08: Naming Molecular Compounds
  47. 4.09: Naming Acids
  48. 4.10: Nomenclature Summary
  49. 4.11: Formula Mass- The Mass of a Molecule or Formula Unit
  50. 05: Chemical Composition
  51. 5.01: Prelude to Chemical Composition - How Much Sodium
  52. 5.02: Counting Nails by the Pound
  53. 5.03: Counting Atoms by the Gram
  54. 5.04: Counting Molecules by the Gram
  55. 5.05: Chemical Formulas as Conversion Factors
  56. 5.06: Mass Percent Composition of Compounds
  57. 5.07: Mass Percent Composition from a Chemical Formula
  58. 5.08: Calculating Empirical Formulas for Compounds
  59. 5.09: Calculating Molecular Formulas for Compounds
  60. 06: Chemical Reactions
  61. 6.01: Chemical Equations
  62. 6.1.01: Evidence of a Chemical Reaction
  63. 6.1.02: How to Write Balanced Chemical Equations
  64. 6.1.03: Aqueous Solutions and Solubility - Compounds Dissolved in Water
  65. 6.1.04: Precipitation Reactions
  66. 6.1.05: Writing Chemical Equations for Reactions in Solution- Molecular Complete Ionic and Net Ionic Equations
  67. 6.1.06: AcidBase and Gas Evolution Reactions
  68. 6.1.07: OxidationReduction Reactions
  69. 6.1.08: Classifying Chemical Reactions
  70. 6.1.09: The Activity Series- Predicting Spontaneous Redox Reactions
  71. 6.02: Stoichiometry
  72. 6.2.01: Climate Change - Too Much Carbon Dioxide
  73. 6.2.02: Mole-to-Mole Conversions
  74. 6.2.03: Limiting Reactant and Theoretical Yield
  75. 6.2.04: Making Molecules- Mole to Mass (or vice versa) and Mass-to-Mass Conversions
  76. 6.2.05: Limiting Reactant Theoretical Yield and Percent Yield from Initial Masses of Reactants
  77. 6.2.06: Enthalpy Change is a Measure of the Heat Evolved or Absorbed
  78. 07: Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table
  79. 7.01: Blimps Balloons and Models of the Atom
  80. 7.02: Light is Visible Electromagnetic Radiation
  81. 7.03: The Electromagnetic Spectrum
  82. 7.04: The Bohr Model - Atoms with Orbits
  83. 7.05: The Quantum-Mechanical Model- Atoms with Orbitals
  84. 7.06: Quantum-Mechanical Orbitals and Electron Configurations
  85. 7.07: Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
  86. 7.08: The Explanatory Power of the Quantum-Mechanical Model
  87. 7.09: Periodic Trends - Atomic Size Ionization Energy and Metallic Character
  88. 08: Chemical Bonding
  89. 8.01: Representing Valence Electrons with Dots
  90. 8.02: Lewis Structures of Ionic Compounds- Electrons Transferred
  91. 8.03: Covalent Lewis Structures- Electrons Shared
  92. 8.04: Writing Lewis Structures for Covalent Compounds
  93. 8.05: Resonance - Equivalent Lewis Structures for the Same Molecule
  94. 8.06: Predicting the Shapes of Molecules
  95. 8.07: Electronegativity and Polarity - Why Oil and Water Dont Mix
  96. 09: Gases
  97. 9.01: Extra-Long Straws
  98. 9.02: Kinetic Molecular Theory- A Model for Gases
  99. 9.03: Pressure - The Result of Constant Molecular Collisions
  100. 9.04: The Combined Gas Law- Pressure Volume and Temperature
  101. 9.05: The Ideal Gas Law- Pressure Volume Temperature and Moles
  102. 9.06: Mixtures of Gases - Why Deep-Sea Divers Breathe a Mixture of Helium and Oxygen
  103. 9.07: Gases in Chemical Reactions
  104. 9.08: Boyles Law - Pressure and Volume
  105. 9.09: Charless Law- Volume and Temperature
  106. 9.10: Gay-Lussac's Law- Temperature and Pressure
  107. 9.11: Avogadros Law- Volume and Moles
  108. 10: Liquids Solids and Intermolecular Forces
  109. 10.01: Interactions between Molecules
  110. 10.02: Properties of Liquids and Solids
  111. 10.03: Surface Tension and Viscosity
  112. 10.04: Evaporation and Condensation
  113. 10.05: Melting Freezing and Sublimation
  114. 10.06: Types of Crystalline Solids
  115. 10.07: Water - A Remarkable Molecule
  116. 10.08: Intermolecular Forces- Dispersion DipoleDipole Hydrogen Bonding and Ion-Dipole
  117. 11: Solutions
  118. 11.01: Prelude - Tragedy in Cameroon
  119. 11.02: Solutions - Homogeneous Mixtures
  120. 11.03: Solutions of Solids Dissolved in Water- How to Make Rock Candy
  121. 11.04: Solutions of Gases in Water
  122. 11.05: Solution Concentration- Mass Percent
  123. 11.06: Solution Concentration- Molarity
  124. 11.07: Solution Dilution
  125. 11.08: Solution Stoichiometry
  126. 11.09: Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation
  127. 11.10: Osmosis
  128. 12: Acids and Bases
  129. 12.01: Prelude - Sour Patch Kids and International Spy Movies
  130. 12.02: Acids- Properties and Examples
  131. 12.03: Bases- Properties and Examples
  132. 12.04: Molecular Definitions of Acids and Bases
  133. 12.05: Reactions of Acids and Bases
  134. 12.06: Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
  135. 12.07: Water - Acid and Base in One
  136. 12.08: Buffers are Solutions that Resist pH Change
  137. 12.09: The pH and pOH Scales - Ways to Express Acidity and Basicity
  138. 12.10: AcidBase Titration
  139. 13: Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry
  140. 13.01: Diagnosing Appendicitis
  141. 13.02: The Discovery of Radioactivity
  142. 13.03: Types of Radioactivity- Alpha Beta and Gamma Decay
  143. 13.04: Detecting Radioactivity
  144. 13.05: Natural Radioactivity and Half-Life
  145. 13.06: Radiocarbon Dating- Using Radioactivity to Measure the Age of Fossils and Other Artifacts
  146. 13.07: The Discovery of Fission and the Atomic Bomb
  147. 13.08: Nuclear Power- Using Fission to Generate Electricity
  148. 13.09: Nuclear Fusion- The Power of the Sun
  149. 13.10: The Effects of Radiation on Life
  150. 13.11: Radioactivity in Medicine