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CHEM 176: General Chemistry II

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CHEM 176: General Chemistry II

This is the second semester of chemistry for science, biomedical and chemical engineering, and pre-med programs. Topics include gas laws, colligative properties, kinetics, equilibria, acids/bases, buffers, titrations, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, and molecular orbital theory. An understanding of how chemistry applies to living systems and the natural world, green chemistry, and sustainable chemistry applications are emphasized.

Chemistry
Author
Shirley Fischer-Drowos
Publisher
Widener University
Source
LibreTexts
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 163 sections
  1. 01: Composition of Substances and Solutions
  2. 1.01: Introduction
  3. 1.02: Formula Mass and the Mole Concept
  4. 1.03: Determining Empirical and Molecular Formulas
  5. 1.04: Molarity
  6. 1.05: Other Units for Solution Concentrations
  7. 1.06: Key Terms
  8. 1.07: Key Equations
  9. 1.08: Summary
  10. 1.09: Exercises
  11. 02: Solutions and Colloids
  12. 2.01: Introduction
  13. 2.02: The Dissolution Process
  14. 2.03: Electrolytes
  15. 2.04: Solubility
  16. 2.05: Colligative Properties
  17. 2.06: Colloids
  18. 2.07: Key Terms
  19. 2.08: Key Equations
  20. 2.09: Summary
  21. 2.10: Exercises
  22. 03: Kinetics
  23. 3.01: Introduction
  24. 3.02: Chemical Reaction Rates
  25. 3.03: Factors Affecting Reaction Rates
  26. 3.04: Rate Laws
  27. 3.05: Integrated Rate Laws
  28. 3.06: Collision Theory
  29. 3.07: Reaction Mechanisms
  30. 3.08: Catalysis
  31. 3.09: Key Terms
  32. 3.10: Key Equations
  33. 3.11: Summary
  34. 3.12: Exercises
  35. 04: Fundamental Equilibrium Concepts
  36. 4.01: Introduction
  37. 4.02: Chemical Equilibria
  38. 4.03: Equilibrium Constants
  39. 4.04: Shifting Equilibria - Le Chateliers Principle
  40. 4.05: Equilibrium Calculations
  41. 4.06: Key Terms
  42. 4.07: Key Equations
  43. 4.08: Summary
  44. 4.09: Exercises
  45. 05: Acid-Base Equilibria
  46. 5.01: Introduction
  47. 5.02: Brnsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
  48. 5.03: pH and pOH
  49. 5.04: Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases
  50. 5.05: Hydrolysis of Salt Solutions
  51. 5.06: Polyprotic Acids
  52. 5.07: Buffers
  53. 5.08: Acid-Base Titrations
  54. 5.09: Key Terms
  55. 5.10: Key Equations
  56. 5.11: Summary
  57. 5.12: Exercises
  58. 06: Equilibria of Other Reaction Classes
  59. 6.01: Introduction
  60. 6.02: Precipitation and Dissolution
  61. 6.03: Lewis Acids and Bases
  62. 6.04: Coupled Equilibria
  63. 6.05: Key Terms
  64. 6.06: Key Equations
  65. 6.07: Summary
  66. 6.08: Exercises
  67. 07: Gases
  68. 7.01: Introduction
  69. 7.02: Gas Pressure
  70. 7.03: Relating Pressure Volume Amount and Temperature - The Ideal Gas Law
  71. 7.04: Stoichiometry of Gaseous Substances Mixtures and Reactions
  72. 7.05: Effusion and Diffusion of Gases
  73. 7.06: The Kinetic-Molecular Theory
  74. 7.07: Non-Ideal Gas Behavior
  75. 7.08: Key Terms
  76. 7.09: Key Equations
  77. 7.10: Summary
  78. 7.11: Exercises
  79. 08: Thermodynamics
  80. 8.01: Introduction
  81. 8.1.01: Energy Basics
  82. 8.02: Enthalpy
  83. 8.03: Spontaneity
  84. 8.04: Entropy
  85. 8.05: The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics
  86. 8.06: Free Energy
  87. 8.07: Key Terms
  88. 8.08: Key Equations
  89. 8.09: Summary
  90. 8.10: Exercises
  91. 09: Electrochemistry
  92. 9.01: Introduction
  93. 9.02: Review of Redox Chemistry
  94. 9.03: Galvanic Cells
  95. 9.04: Electrode and Cell Potentials
  96. 9.05: Potential Free Energy and Equilibrium
  97. 9.06: Batteries and Fuel Cells
  98. 9.07: Corrosion
  99. 9.08: Electrolysis
  100. 9.09: Key Terms
  101. 9.10: Key Equations
  102. 9.11: Summary
  103. 9.12: Exercises
  104. 10: Polymers
  105. 10.01: Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry
  106. 10.1.01: Diagnosing Appendicitis
  107. 10.1.02: The Discovery of Radioactivity
  108. 10.1.03: Types of Radioactivity
  109. 10.1.04: The Valley of Stability- Predicting the Type of Radioactivity
  110. 10.1.05: Detecting Radioactivity
  111. 10.1.06: The Kinetics of Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating
  112. 10.1.07: The Discovery of Fission- The Atomic Bomb and Nuclear Power
  113. 10.1.08: Converting Mass to Energy- Mass Defect and Nuclear Binding Energy
  114. 10.1.09: Nuclear Fusion - The Power of the Sun
  115. 10.1.10: Nuclear Transmutation and Transuranium Elements
  116. 10.1.11: The Effects of Radiation on Life
  117. 10.1.12: Radioactivity in Medicine and Other Applications
  118. 11: Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry
  119. 11.01: Diagnosing Appendicitis
  120. 11.02: The Discovery of Radioactivity
  121. 11.03: Types of Radioactivity
  122. 11.04: The Valley of Stability- Predicting the Type of Radioactivity
  123. 11.05: Detecting Radioactivity
  124. 11.06: The Kinetics of Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating
  125. 11.07: The Discovery of Fission- The Atomic Bomb and Nuclear Power
  126. 11.08: Converting Mass to Energy- Mass Defect and Nuclear Binding Energy
  127. 11.09: Nuclear Fusion - The Power of the Sun
  128. 11.10: Nuclear Transmutation and Transuranium Elements
  129. 11.11: The Effects of Radiation on Life
  130. 11.12: Radioactivity in Medicine and Other Applications
  131. 12: Electronic Structure and Periodic Properties
  132. 12.01: Introduction
  133. 12.02: Electromagnetic Energy
  134. 12.03: The Bohr Model
  135. 12.04: Development of Quantum Theory
  136. 12.05: Electronic Structure of Atoms (Electron Configurations)
  137. 12.06: Periodic Variations in Element Properties
  138. 12.07: Key Terms
  139. 12.08: Key Equations
  140. 12.09: Summary
  141. 12.10: Exercises
  142. 13: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry
  143. 13.01: Introduction
  144. 13.02: Ionic Bonding
  145. 13.03: Covalent Bonding
  146. 13.04: Lewis Symbols and Structures
  147. 13.05: Formal Charges and Resonance
  148. 13.06: Strengths of Ionic and Covalent Bonds
  149. 13.07: Molecular Structure and Polarity
  150. 13.08: Key Terms
  151. 13.09: Key Equations
  152. 13.10: Summary
  153. 13.11: Exercises
  154. 14: Advanced Theories of Covalent Bonding
  155. 14.01: Introduction
  156. 14.02: Valence Bond Theory
  157. 14.03: Hybrid Atomic Orbitals
  158. 14.04: Multiple Bonds
  159. 14.05: Molecular Orbital Theory
  160. 14.06: Key Terms
  161. 14.07: Key Equations
  162. 14.08: Summary
  163. 14.09: Exercises