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Organic Chemistry Lab Textbook

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Organic Chemistry Lab Textbook

Chemistry
Author
Evan Joslin
Publisher
Sewanee
Source
LibreTexts
License
CC BY-NC-SA
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 111 sections
  1. 01: General Information
  2. 1.01: Reading Drawing and Understanding- The Power of Visualization
  3. 1.02: Safety
  4. 1.03: Notebook
  5. 1.04: Chemical Hazards
  6. 1.4.01: Introduction to Hazards of Chemistry
  7. 1.4.02: Chemical Waste
  8. 02: Important Calculations
  9. 2.01: Important Calculations (Limiting Reagent)
  10. 2.02: Important Calculations (Theoretical Yield and Percent Yield)
  11. 03: General Techniques for Lab
  12. 3.01: Transferring and Weighting Methods
  13. 3.02: Drying Agents
  14. 3.03: Heating and Cooling Methods
  15. 3.3.01: Methods and Flammability
  16. 3.3.02: Controlled Boiling
  17. 3.3.03: Hotplates
  18. 3.3.04: Heating Mantles
  19. 3.3.05: Water Sand and Oil Baths
  20. 3.3.06: Cooling Baths
  21. 3.3.07: Reflux
  22. 04: Glassware and Equipment
  23. 4.01: Storing Samples (Parafilm)
  24. 4.02: Pictures of Glassware and Equipment
  25. 4.03: Ground Glass Joints
  26. 4.04: Hood and Clamping
  27. 4.05: Greasing Joints
  28. 4.06: Cleaning and Drying Glassware
  29. 05: Filtering Methods
  30. 5.01: Overview of Methods
  31. 5.02: Decanting
  32. 5.03: Gravity Filtration
  33. 5.04: Suction Filtration
  34. 06: Crystallization
  35. 6.01: Overview of Crystallization
  36. 6.02: Uses of Crystallization
  37. 6.2A: Reagent Purification
  38. 6.2B: Purification of Product Mixtures
  39. 6.03: Crystallization Theory
  40. 6.3A: Purification
  41. 6.3B: Cooling Slowly
  42. 6.3C: Using the Minimum Amount of Hot Solvent
  43. 6.3D: The Unavoidable Loss of Recovery
  44. 6.04: Choice of Solvent
  45. 6.4A: Ideal Temperature Profile
  46. 6.4B: General Procedures for Removing Impurities
  47. 6.05: Procedural Generalities
  48. 6.5A: General Procedure
  49. 6.5B: Initiating Crystallization
  50. 6.5C: Cooling Slowly
  51. 6.06: Step-by-Step Procedures
  52. 6.6A: Single Solvent Crystallization
  53. 6.6B: Crystallization Summary
  54. 6.6C: Using Solvents Other Than Water
  55. 6.6D: Troubleshooting
  56. 07: Melting Point
  57. 7.01: Overview of Melting Point
  58. 7.02: Uses of Melting Points
  59. 7.03: Melting Point Theory
  60. 7.04: Step-by-Step Procedures for Melting Point Determination
  61. 08: Extraction
  62. 8.01: Prelude to Extraction
  63. 8.02: Overview of Extraction
  64. 8.03: Uses of Extraction
  65. 8.04: Which Layer is Which
  66. 8.05: Extraction Theory
  67. 8.06: Common Extraction Washes
  68. 8.07: Step-by-Step Procedures For Extractions (Large Scale)
  69. 8.08: Step-by-Step Procedures For Extractions (Microscale)
  70. 8.09: Acid-Base Extraction
  71. 09: Chromatography
  72. 9.01: Prelude to Chromatography
  73. 9.02: Chromatography Generalities
  74. 9.2A: Overview of Chromatography
  75. 9.2B: General Separation Theory
  76. 9.03: Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)
  77. 9.3A: Overview of TLC
  78. 9.3B: Uses of TLC
  79. 9.3C: The Retention Factor
  80. 9.3D: Separation Theory
  81. 9.3E: Step-by-Step Procedures for Thin Layer Chromatography
  82. 9.3F: Visualizing TLC Plates
  83. 9.04: Column Chromatography
  84. 9.4A: Macroscale Columns
  85. 9.4B: Microscale (Pipette) Columns
  86. 10: Stereoisomers
  87. 10.01: Chiral Molecules
  88. 10.02: Optical Activity
  89. 10.03: Absolute Configuration- R-S Sequence Rules
  90. 10.04: Molecules Incorporating Several Stereocenters- Diastereomers
  91. 11: Distillation
  92. 11.01: Overview of Distillation
  93. 11.02: Simple Distillation
  94. 11.2A: Uses of Simple Distillation
  95. 11.2B: Separation Theory
  96. 11.2C: Step-by-Step Procedures
  97. 11.2D: Microscale Distillation
  98. 11.03: Steam Distillation
  99. 11.3A: Overview of Steam Distillation
  100. 11.3B: Uses of Steam Distillation
  101. 11.3C: Separation Theory
  102. 11.3D: Step-by-Step Procedures for Steam Distillation
  103. 12: Aldehydes and Ketones - The Carbonyl Group
  104. 12.01: Structure of the Carbonyl Group
  105. 12.02: Oxidation of Aldehydes and Ketones
  106. 12.03: Reduction of Carbonyls to Alcohols Using Metal Hydrides
  107. 12.04: Spectroscopic Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones
  108. 13: IR Spectroscopy
  109. 13.01: Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy
  110. 13.02: Interpreting IR Spectra
  111. 14: Halogenation of Alkenes - Addition of X