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AST102: GC OER

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AST102: GC OER

Physics
Author
Ryan Johnson
Publisher
Gettysburg College
Source
LibreTexts
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 184 sections
  1. 01: The Pursuit of Truth
  2. 1.01: Introduction
  3. 1.02: The Nature of Astronomy
  4. 1.03: The Nature of Science
  5. 1.04: The Laws of Nature
  6. 1.05: Numbers in Astronomy
  7. 1.06: Consequences of Light Travel Time
  8. 1.07: A Tour of the Universe
  9. 02: Celestial Sphere
  10. 2.01: Thinking Ahead
  11. 2.02: The Sun and the Moon
  12. 2.03: The Sky Above
  13. 2.04: Eclipses of the Sun and Moon
  14. 2.05: Astrology and Astronomy
  15. 2.06: The Birth of Modern Astronomy
  16. 2.07: Stellar and Celestial Object Brightness
  17. 2.08: Magnitude System
  18. 2.09: The Magnitude Scale
  19. 2.10: Exercises
  20. 2.10.01: Review Questions
  21. 2.10.02: Thought Questions
  22. 2.10.03: Figuring for Yourself
  23. 03: Astronomy to Astrophysics
  24. 3.01: Thinking Ahead
  25. 3.02: The Laws of Planetary Motion
  26. 3.03: Newtons Great Synthesis
  27. 3.04: Newtons Universal Law of Gravitation
  28. 3.05: Orbits in the Solar System
  29. 3.06: Exercises
  30. 3.6.01: Review Questions
  31. 3.6.02: Thought Questions
  32. 3.6.03: Figuring for Yourself
  33. 04: Light
  34. 4.01: The Behavior of Light
  35. 4.02: The Electromagnetic Spectrum
  36. 4.03: Color and Color Vision
  37. 4.04: Spectroscopy in Astronomy
  38. 4.05: The Structure of the Atom
  39. 4.06: Formation of Spectral Lines
  40. 4.07: The Doppler Effect
  41. 4.08: Exercises
  42. 4.8.01: Review Questions
  43. 4.8.02: Thought Questions
  44. 4.8.03: Figuring for Yourself
  45. 05: Astronomical Instruments
  46. 5.01: Thinking Ahead
  47. 5.02: Telescopes
  48. 5.03: Telescopes Today
  49. 5.04: Visible-Light Detectors and Instruments
  50. 5.05: Radio Telescopes
  51. 5.06: Observations outside Earth's Atmosphere
  52. 5.07: The Future of Large Telescopes
  53. 5.08: For Further Exploration
  54. 5.09: Exercises
  55. 5.9.01: Review Questions
  56. 5.9.02: Thought Questions
  57. 5.9.03: Figuring for Yourself
  58. 06: The Sun- A Nuclear Powerhouse
  59. 6.01: Thinking Ahead
  60. 6.02: Sources of Sunshine- Thermal and Gravitational Energy
  61. 6.03: Mass Energy and the Theory of Relativity
  62. 6.04: Exercises
  63. 6.4.01: Review Questions
  64. 6.4.02: Thought Questions
  65. 6.4.03: Figuring for Yourself
  66. 07: Celestial Distances
  67. 7.01: Thinking Ahead
  68. 7.02: Fundamental Units of Distance
  69. 7.03: Surveying the Stars
  70. 7.04: Variable Stars- One Key to Cosmic Distances
  71. 7.05: Exercises
  72. 7.5.01: Review Questions
  73. 7.5.02: Thought Questions
  74. 7.5.03: Figuring for Yourself
  75. 08: The Stars - A Celestial Census
  76. 8.01: Thinking Ahead
  77. 8.02: A Stellar Census
  78. 8.03: Measuring Stellar Masses
  79. 8.04: Diameters of Stars
  80. 8.05: The H-R Diagram
  81. 8.06: The H-R and Cosmic Distances
  82. 8.07: For Further Exploration
  83. 8.08: Exercises
  84. 8.8.01: Review Questions
  85. 8.8.02: Thought Questions
  86. 8.8.03: Figuring for Yourself
  87. 09: Stars from Adolescence to Old Age
  88. 9.01: Thinking Ahead
  89. 9.02: Evolution from the Main Sequence to Red Giants
  90. 9.03: Star Clusters
  91. 9.04: Checking Out the Theory
  92. 9.05: Further Evolution of Stars
  93. 9.06: The Evolution of More Massive Stars
  94. 9.07: Exercises
  95. 9.7.01: Review Questions
  96. 9.7.02: Thought Questions
  97. 9.7.03: Figuring for Yourself
  98. 10: The Deaths of Stars
  99. 10.01: Thinking Ahead
  100. 10.02: The Death of Low-Mass Stars
  101. 10.03: Evolution of Massive Stars- An Explosive Finish
  102. 10.04: Supernova Observations
  103. 10.05: Pulsars and the Discovery of Neutron Stars
  104. 10.06: The Evolution of Binary Star Systems
  105. 10.07: Exercises
  106. 10.7.01: Review Questions
  107. 10.7.02: Thought Questions
  108. 10.7.03: Figuring for Yourself
  109. 11: Black Holes and Curved Spacetime
  110. 11.01: Thinking Ahead
  111. 11.02: Introducing General Relativity
  112. 11.03: Remarks on General Relativity
  113. 11.04: Spacetime and Gravity
  114. 11.05: Tests of General Relativity
  115. 11.06: Time in General Relativity
  116. 11.07: Black Holes
  117. 11.08: Evidence for Black Holes
  118. 11.09: Astrophysical Black Holes
  119. 11.10: Supermassive Black Holes- What Quasars really are
  120. 11.11: Gravitational Wave Astronomy
  121. 11.12: Exercises
  122. 11.12.01: Review Questions
  123. 11.12.02: Thought Questions
  124. 11.12.03: Figuring for Yourself
  125. 12: The Milky Way Galaxy
  126. 12.01: Thinking Ahead
  127. 12.02: The Architecture of the Galaxy
  128. 12.03: Spiral Structure
  129. 12.04: The Mass of the Galaxy
  130. 12.05: The Center of the Galaxy
  131. 12.06: Stellar Populations in the Galaxy
  132. 12.07: The Formation of the Galaxy
  133. 12.08: Exercises
  134. 12.8.01: Review Questions
  135. 12.8.02: Thought Questions
  136. 12.8.03: Figuring for Yourself
  137. 13: Galaxies
  138. 13.01: Thinking Ahead
  139. 13.02: The Discovery of Galaxies
  140. 13.03: Types of Galaxies
  141. 13.04: Properties of Galaxies
  142. 13.05: The Extragalactic Distance Scale
  143. 13.06: The Expanding Universe
  144. 13.07: The Hubble Expansion
  145. 13.08: Exercises
  146. 13.8.01: Review Questions
  147. 13.8.02: Thought Questions
  148. 13.8.03: Figuring for Yourself
  149. 14: The Evolution and Distribution of Galaxies
  150. 14.01: Thinking Ahead
  151. 14.02: Observations of Distant Galaxies
  152. 14.03: Galaxy Mergers and Active Galactic Nuclei
  153. 14.04: The Distribution of Galaxies in Space
  154. 14.05: The Challenge of Dark Matter
  155. 14.06: The Formation and Evolution of Galaxies and Structure in the Universe
  156. 14.07: Exercises
  157. 14.7.01: Review Questions
  158. 14.7.02: Thought Questions
  159. 14.7.03: Figuring for Yourself
  160. 15: The Big Bang
  161. 15.01: Thinking Ahead
  162. 15.02: The Age of the Universe
  163. 15.03: A Model of the Universe
  164. 15.04: The Beginning of the Universe
  165. 15.05: The Cosmic Microwave Background
  166. 15.06: What Is the Universe Really Made Of
  167. 15.07: Exercises
  168. 15.7.01: Review Questions
  169. 15.7.02: Thought Questions
  170. 15.7.03: Figuring for Yourself
  171. 16: Appendices
  172. 16.01: How to Study for an Introductory Astronomy Class (Appendix A)
  173. 16.02: Astronomy Websites Images and Apps (Appendix B)
  174. 16.03: Scientific Notation (Appendix C)
  175. 16.04: Units Used in Science (Appendix D)
  176. 16.05: Some Useful Constants for Astronomy (Appendix E)
  177. 16.06: Physical and Orbital Data for the Planets (Appendix F)
  178. 16.07: Selected Moons of the Planets (Appendix G)
  179. 16.08: Future Total Eclipses (Appendix H)
  180. 16.09: The Nearest Stars Brown Dwarfs and White Dwarfs (Appendix I)
  181. 16.10: The Brightest Twenty Stars (Appendix J)
  182. 16.11: The Chemical Elements (Appendix K)
  183. 16.12: The Constellations (Appendix L)
  184. 16.13: Star Chart and Sky Event Resources Index (Appendix M)