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Map: Chemistry - The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change (Silberberg)

General Chemistry Chemistry

Publisher: LibreTexts
Source: LibreTexts
License: CC BY-NC-SA
Language: EN
Category: Basic Sciences

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Contents· 187 sections

01: Keys to the Study of Chemistry
1.01: Some Fundamental Definitions
1.02: Chemical Arts and the Origins of Modern Chemistry
1.03: The Scientific Approach- Developing a Model
1.04: Measurement and Chemical Problem Solving
1.05: Uncertainty in Measurement- Significant Figures
1.E: Keys to the Study of Chemistry (Exercises)
02: The Components of Matter
2.01: Elements Compounds and Mixtures - An Atomic Overview
2.02: The Observations That Led to an Atomic View of Matter
2.03: The Observations That Led to the Nuclear Atom Model
2.04: The Atomic Theory Today
2.05: Elements - A First Look at the Periodic Table
2.06: Compounds - Introduction to Bonding
2.07: Compounds - Formulas Names and Masses
2.08: Mixtures - Classification and Separation
2.E: The Components of Matter (Exercises)
03: Stoichiometry of Formulas and Equation
3.01: The Mole
3.02: Determining the Formula of an Unknown Compound
3.03: Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
3.04: Calculating Quantities of Reactant and Product
3.E: Stoichiometry of Formulas and Equations (Exercises)
04: Three Major Classes of Chemical Reactions
4.01: Solution Concentration and the Role of Water as a Solvent
4.02: Writing Equations for Aqueous Ionic Reactions
4.03: Precipitation Reactions
4.04: Acid-Base Reactions
4.05: Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions
4.06: Elements in Redox Reactions
4.07: The Reversibility of Reactions and the Equilibrium State
05: Gases and the Kinetic-Molecular Theory
5.01: An Overview of the Physical States of Matter
5.02: Gas Pressure and Its Measurement
5.03: The Gas Laws and Their Experimental Foundations
5.04: Rearrangements of the Ideal Gas Law
5.05: The Kinetic-Molecular Theory - A Model for Gas Behavior
5.06: Real Gases - Deviations from Ideal Behavior
5.E: Gases and the Kinetic-Molecular Theory (Exercises)
06: Thermochemistry - Energy Flow and Chemical Change
6.01: Forms of Energy and Their Interconversion
6.02: Enthalpy - Changes at Constant Pressure
6.03: Calorimetry - Measuring the Heat of a Chemical or Physical Change
6.04: Stoichiometry of Thermochemical Equations
6.05: Hesss Law - Finding H of Any Reaction
6.06: Standard Enthalpies of Reaction
6.E: Thermochemistry - Energy Flow and Chemical Change
07: Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure
7.01: The Nature of Light
7.02: Atomic Spectra
7.03: The Wave-Particle Duality of Matter and Energy
7.04: The Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom
7.E: Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure (Exercises)
08: Electron Configuration and Chemical Periodicity
8.01: Characteristics of Many-Electron Atoms
8.02: The Quantum-Mechanical Model and the Periodic Table
8.03: Trends in Three Atomic Properties
8.04: Atomic Properties and Chemical Reactivity
8.E: Electron Configuration and Chemical Periodicity (Exercises)
09: Models of Chemical Bonding
9.01: Atomic Properties and Chemical Bonds
9.02: The Ionic Bonding Model
9.03: The Covalent Bonding Model
9.04: Bond Energy and Chemical Change
9.05: Between the Extremes- Electronegativity and Bond Polarity
9.06: An Introduction to Metallic Bonding
9.E: Models of Chemical Bonding (Exercises)
10: The Shapes of Molecules
10.01: Depicting Molecules and Ions with Lewis Structures
10.02: Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory
10.03: Molecular Shape and Molecular Polarity
10.E: The Shapes of Molecules (Exercises)
11: Theories of Covalent Bonding
11.01: Valence Bond (VB) Theory and Orbital Hybridization
11.02: Modes of Orbital Overlap and the Types of Covalent Bonds
11.03: Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory and Electron Delocalization
11.E: Theories of Covalent Bonding (Exercises)
12: Intermolecular Forces- Liquids Solids and Phase Change
12.01: An Overview of Physical States and Phase Changes
12.02: Quantitative Aspects of Phase Changes
12.03: Properties of the Liquid State
12.04: Types of Intermolecular Forces
12.05: The Uniqueness of Water
12.06: The Solid State- Structure Properties and Bonding
12.07: Advanced Materials
12.08: Advanced Materials
12.E: Intermolecular Forces - Liquids Solids and Phase Changes (Exercises)
13: The Properties of Mixtures- Solutions and Colloids
13.01: Types of Solutions - Intermolecular Forces and Solubility
13.02: Intermolecular Forces and Biological Macromolecules
13.03: Why Substances Dissolve - Breaking Down the Solution Process
13.04: Solubility as an Equilibrium Process
13.05: Concentration Terms
13.06: Colligative Properties of Solutions
13.07: The Structure and Properties of Colloids
13.E: The Properties of Mixtures- Solutions and Colloids (Exercises)
14: Periodic Patterns in the Main-Group Elements
14.01: Hydrogen - the Simplest Atom
14.02: Trends Across the Periodic Table - The Period 2 Elements
14.03: Group 2 - The Alkali Metals
14.04: Group 2 - The Alkaline Earth Metals
14.05: Group 13 - The Boron Family
14.06: Group 14 - The Carbon Family
14.07: Group 15 - The Nitrogen Family
14.08: Group 16 - The The Oxygen Family
14.09: Group 17 - The Halogens
14.10: Group 18 - The Noble Gases
14.E: Periodic Patterns in the Main-Group Elements (Exercises)
15: Organic Compounds and the Atomic Properties of Carbon
15.01: The Special Nature of Carbon and the Characteristics of Organic Molecules
15.02: The Structures and Classes of Hydrocarbons
15.03: Some Important Classes of Organic Reactions
15.04: Properties and Reactivities of Common Functional Groups
15.05: The Monomer-Polymer Theme I - Synthetic Macromolecules
15.06: The Monomer-Polymer Theme II - Biological Macromolecules
15.E: Organic Compounds and the Atomic Properties of Carbon (Exercises)
16: Kinetics- Rates and Mechanisms of Chemical Reactions
16.01: Focusing on Reaction Rate
16.02: Expressing the Reaction Rate
16.03: The Rate Law and Its Components
16.04: Integrated Rate Laws - Concentration Changes over Time
16.05: Theories of Chemical Kinetics
16.06: Reaction Mechanisms - The Steps from Reactant to Product
16.07: Catalysis - Speeding Up a Reaction
16.E: Kinetics- Rates and Mechanisms of Chemical Reactions (Exercises)
17: Equilibrium - The Extent of Chemical Reactions
17.01: The Equilibrium State and the Equilibrium Constant
17.02: The Reaction Quotient and the Equilibrium Constant
17.03: Expressing Equilibria with Pressure Terms - Relation Between Kc and Kp
17.04: Comparing Q and K to Determine Reaction Direction
17.05: How to Solve Equilibrium Problems
17.06: Reaction Conditions and Equilibrium - Le Chateliers Principle
17.E: Equilibrium - The Extent of Chemical Reactions (Exercises)
18: Acid-Base Equilibria
18.01: Acids and Bases in Water
18.02: Autoionization of Water and the pH Scale
18.03: Proton Transfer and the Brnsted-Lowry Acid-Base Definition
18.04: Solving Problems Involving Weak-Acid Equilibria
18.05: Molecular Properties and Acid Strength
18.06: Weak Bases and Their Relation to Weak Acids
18.07: Acid-Base Properties of Salt Solutions
18.08: Generalizing the Brnsted-Lowry Concept - The Leveling Effect
18.09: Electron-Pair Donation and the Lewis Acid-Base Definition
18.E: Acid-Base Equilibria (Exercises)
19: Ionic Equilibria in Aqueous Systems
19.01: Equilibria of Acid-Base Buffers
19.02: Acid-Base Titration Curves
19.03: Equilibria of Slightly Soluble Ionic Compounds
19.04: Equilibria Involving Complex Ions
19.E: Ionic Equilibria in Aqueous Systems (Exercises)
20: Thermodynamics- Entropy Free Energy and the Direction of Chemical Reactions
20.01: The Second Law of Thermodynamics - Predicting Spontaneous Change
20.02: Calculating the Change in Entropy of a Reaction
20.03: Entropy Gibbs Energy and Work
20.04: Gibbs Energy Equilibrium and Reaction Direction
20.E: Thermodynamics (Exercises)
21: Electrochemistry- Chemical Change and Electrical Work
21.01: Redox Reactions and Electrochemical Cells
21.02: Voltaic Cells - Using Spontaneous Reactions to Generate Electrical Energy
21.03: Cell Potential - Output of a Voltaic Cell
21.04: Gibbs Energy and Electrical Work
21.05: Electrochemical Processes in Batteries
21.06: Corrosion - An Environmental Voltaic Cell
21.07: Electrolytic Cells- Using Electrical Energy to Drive Nonspontaneous Reactions
21.E: Electrochemistry - Chemical Change and Electrical Work (Exercises)
22: The Elements in Nature and Industry
22.01: How the Elements Occur in Nature
22.02: The Cycling of Elements Through the Environment
22.03: Metallurgy - Extracting a Metal from Its Ore
22.04: Tapping the Crust - Isolation and Uses of Selected Elements
22.05: Chemical Manufacturing - Two Case Studies
22.E: The Elements in Nature and Industry (Exercises)
23: Transition Elements and Their Coordination Compounds
23.01: Properties of the Transition Elements
23.02: The Inner Transition Elements
23.03: Coordination Compounds
23.04: Theoretical Basis for the Bonding and Properties of Complexes
23.E: Transition Elements and Their Coordination Compounds (Exercises)
24: Nuclear Reactions and Their Applications
24.01: Radioactive Decay and Nuclear Stability
24.02: The Kinetics of Radioactive Decay
24.03: Nuclear Transmutation - Induced Changes in Nuclei
24.04: Effects of Nuclear Radiation on Matter
24.05: Applications of Radioisotopes
24.06: The Interconversion of Mass and Energy
24.07: Applications of Fission and Fusion
24.E: Nuclear Reactions and Their Applications (Exercises)