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Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking

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Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking

This is an introductory textbook in logic and critical thinking. The goal of the textbook is to provide the reader with a set of tools and skills that will enable them to identify and evaluate arguments. The book is intended for an introductory course that covers both formal and informal logic. As such, it is not a formal logic textbook, but is closer to what one would find marketed as a“critical thinking textbook.”

PhilosophyHumanities
Author
Matthew Van Cleave
Publisher
Lansing Community College
Source
LibreTexts
License
CC BY
Language
EN
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 47 sections
  1. 01: Reconstructing and Analyzing Arguments
  2. 1.01: What is an Argument
  3. 1.02: Identifying Arguments
  4. 1.03: Arguments vs. Explanations
  5. 1.04: More Complex Argument Structures
  6. 1.05: Using Your Own Paraphrases of Premises and Conclusions to Reconstruct Arguments in Standard Form
  7. 1.06: Validity
  8. 1.07: Soundness
  9. 1.08: Deductive vs. Inductive Arguments
  10. 1.09: Arguments with Missing Premises
  11. 1.10: Assuring guarding and Discounting
  12. 1.11: Evaluating Language
  13. 1.12: Evaluating a Real-Life Argument
  14. 02: Formal Methods of Evaluating Arguments
  15. 2.01: What is a Formal Method of Evaluation and Why Do We Need Them
  16. 2.02: Propositional Logic and the Four Basic Truth Functional Connectives
  17. 2.03: Negation and Disjunction
  18. 2.04: Using Paranthesis to Translate Complex Sentences
  19. 2.05: Not Both and Neither Nor
  20. 2.06: The Truth Table Test of Validity
  21. 2.07: Conditionals
  22. 2.08: Unless
  23. 2.09: Material Equivalence
  24. 2.10: Tautologies Contradictions and Contingent Statements
  25. 2.11: Proofs and the Eight Valid Forms of Inference
  26. 2.12: How to Construct Proofs
  27. 2.13: Short Review of Propositional Logic
  28. 2.14: Categorical Logic
  29. 2.15: The Venn Test of Validity for Immediate Categorical Inferences
  30. 2.16: Universal Statements and Existential Commitment
  31. 2.17: Venn Validity for Categorical Syllogisms
  32. 03: Evaluating Inductive Arguments and Probabilistic and Statistical Fallacies
  33. 3.01: Inductive Arguments and Statistical Generalizations
  34. 3.02: Inference to the Best Explanation and the Seven Explanatory Virtues
  35. 3.03: Analogical Arguments
  36. 3.04: Analogical Arguments
  37. 3.05: Probability
  38. 3.06: The Conjunction Fallacy
  39. 3.07: The Base Rate Fallacy
  40. 3.08: The Small Numbers Fallacy
  41. 3.09: Regression to the Mean Fallacy
  42. 3.10: Gambler's Fallacy
  43. 04: Informal Fallacies
  44. 4.01: Formal vs. Informal Fallacies
  45. 4.02: Slippery Slope Fallacies
  46. 4.03: Fallacies of Relevance
  47. 4.04: Exercise Answers