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CHEM 1510: Introductory College Chemistry

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CHEM 1510: Introductory College Chemistry

This course is a survey of basic chemistry topics. This course is intended as preparation for chemistry and allied health majors, and general education.

Chemistry
Author
Chris Taylor
Publisher
Taft College
Source
LibreTexts
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 205 sections
  1. 01: An Introduction to Chemistry
  2. 1.01: Sand and Water
  3. 1.02: Chemicals Compose Ordinary Things
  4. 1.03: The Scientific Method - How Chemists Think
  5. 1.04: Analyzing and Interpreting Data
  6. 1.05: A Beginning Chemist - How to Succeed
  7. 1.06: Hypothesis Theories and Laws
  8. 1.07: The Scope of Chemistry
  9. 1.E: Exercises
  10. 02: Measurement and Problem Solving
  11. 2.01: Scientific Notation - Writing Large and Small Numbers
  12. 2.02: The Basic Units of Measurement
  13. 2.03: Significant Figures - Writing Numbers to Reflect Precision
  14. 2.04: Significant Figures in Calculations
  15. 2.05: Problem Solving and Unit Conversions
  16. 2.06: Solving Multi-step Conversion Problems
  17. 2.07: Units Raised to a Power
  18. 2.08: Temperature - Random Motion of Molecules and Atoms
  19. 2.09: Density
  20. 2.E: Measurement and Problem Solving (Exercises)
  21. 03: Matter
  22. 3.01: What is Matter
  23. 3.02: Classifying Matter According to Its StateSolid Liquid and Gas
  24. 3.03: Classifying Matter According to Its Composition
  25. 3.04: Differences in Matter- Physical and Chemical Properties
  26. 3.05: Changes in Matter - Physical and Chemical Changes
  27. 3.06: Conservation of Mass - There is No New Matter
  28. 3.07: Energy and Chemical and Physical Change
  29. 04: Atoms and Elements
  30. 4.01: Cutting Aluminum until you get Atoms
  31. 4.02: The Elements
  32. 4.03: Indivisible - The Atomic Theory
  33. 4.04: The Nuclear Atom
  34. 4.05: Compounds Display Constant Composition
  35. 4.06: Chemical Formulas - How to Represent Compounds
  36. 4.07: The Properties of Protons Neutrons and Electrons
  37. 4.08: Elements- Defined by Their Number of Protons
  38. 4.09: Isotopes - When the Number of Neutrons Varies
  39. 4.10: Atomic Mass - The Average Mass of an Elements Atoms
  40. 4.11: Looking for Patterns - The Periodic Table
  41. 4.12: Ions - Losing and Gaining Electrons
  42. 05: Nomenclature of Molecules and Compounds
  43. 5.01: Sugar and Salt
  44. 5.02: Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds
  45. 5.03: Nomenclature- Naming Compounds
  46. 5.04: Naming Ionic Compounds
  47. 5.05: Naming Molecular Compounds
  48. 5.06: Naming Acids
  49. 5.07: Nomenclature Summary
  50. 06: Chemical Reactions
  51. 6.01: Evidence of a Chemical Reaction
  52. 6.02: The Chemical Equation
  53. 6.03: How to Write Balanced Chemical Equations
  54. 6.04: Energy and Chemical and Physical Change
  55. 07: Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
  56. 7.01: Aqueous Solutions and Solubility - Compounds Dissolved in Water
  57. 7.02: Precipitation Reactions
  58. 7.03: Writing Chemical Equations for Reactions in Solution- Molecular Complete Ionic and Net Ionic Equations
  59. 7.04: AcidBase and Gas Evolution Reactions
  60. 7.05: OxidationReduction Reactions
  61. 7.06: Classifying Chemical Reactions
  62. 08: Chemical Composition
  63. 8.01: Prelude to Chemical Composition - How Much Sodium
  64. 8.02: Counting Nails by the Pound
  65. 8.03: Counting Atoms by the Gram
  66. 8.04: Counting Molecules by the Gram
  67. 8.05: Chemical Formulas as Conversion Factors
  68. 8.06: Mass Percent Composition of Compounds
  69. 8.07: Mass Percent Composition from a Chemical Formula
  70. 8.08: Calculating Empirical Formulas for Compounds
  71. 8.09: Calculating Molecular Formulas for Compounds
  72. 09: Quantities in Chemical Reactions
  73. 9.01: Climate Change - Too Much Carbon Dioxide
  74. 9.02: Making Pancakes- Relationships Between Ingredients
  75. 9.03: Making Molecules- Mole-to-Mole Conversions
  76. 9.04: Making Molecules- Mass-to-Mass Conversions
  77. 9.05: Stoichiometry
  78. 9.06: Limiting Reactant and Theoretical Yield
  79. 9.07: Limiting Reactant Theoretical Yield and Percent Yield from Initial Masses of Reactants
  80. 9.08: Enthalpy Change is a Measure of the Heat Evolved or Absorbed
  81. 10: Energy
  82. 10.01: Energy
  83. 10.02: Energy and Chemical and Physical Change
  84. 10.03: Temperature - Random Motion of Molecules and Atoms
  85. 10.04: Temperature Changes - Heat Capacity
  86. 10.05: Energy and Heat Capacity Calculations
  87. 11: Modern Atomic Theory
  88. 11.01: Light- Electromagnetic Radiation
  89. 11.02: The Electromagnetic Spectrum
  90. 11.03: The Bohr Model - Atoms with Orbits
  91. 11.04: The Quantum-Mechanical Model- Atoms with Orbitals
  92. 11.05: Quantum-Mechanical Orbitals and Electron Configurations
  93. 11.06: Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
  94. 11.07: The Explanatory Power of the Quantum-Mechanical Model
  95. 11.08: Periodic Trends - Atomic Size Ionization Energy and Metallic Character
  96. 11.E: Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table (Exercises)
  97. 12: Chemical Bonding
  98. 12.01: Bonding Models and AIDs Drugs
  99. 12.02: Representing Valence Electrons with Dots
  100. 12.03: Lewis Structures of Ionic Compounds- Electrons Transferred
  101. 12.04: Covalent Lewis Structures- Electrons Shared
  102. 12.05: Writing Lewis Structures for Covalent Compounds
  103. 12.06: Resonance - Equivalent Lewis Structures for the Same Molecule
  104. 12.07: Predicting the Shapes of Molecules
  105. 12.08: Electronegativity and Polarity - Why Oil and Water Do not Mix
  106. 13: Gases
  107. 13.01: Extra-Long Straws
  108. 13.02: Kinetic Molecular Theory- A Model for Gases
  109. 13.03: Pressure - The Result of Constant Molecular Collisions
  110. 13.04: Boyles Law - Pressure and Volume
  111. 13.05: Charless Law- Volume and Temperature
  112. 13.06: The Combined Gas Law- Pressure Volume and Temperature
  113. 13.07: Avogadros Law- Volume and Moles
  114. 13.08: The Ideal Gas Law- Pressure Volume Temperature and Moles
  115. 13.09: Mixtures of Gases - Why Deep-Sea Divers Breathe a Mixture of Helium and Oxygen
  116. 13.10: Gay-Lussac's Law- Temperature and Pressure
  117. 14: Liquids Solids and Intermolecular Forces
  118. 14.01: Interactions between Molecules
  119. 14.02: Properties of Liquids and Solids
  120. 14.03: Intermolecular Forces in Action- Surface Tension and Viscosity
  121. 14.04: Temperature Changes - Heat Capacity
  122. 14.05: Energy and Heat Capacity Calculations
  123. 14.06: Evaporation and Condensation
  124. 14.07: Melting Freezing and Sublimation
  125. 14.08: Intermolecular Forces- Dispersion DipoleDipole Hydrogen Bonding and Ion-Dipole
  126. 14.09: Types of Crystalline Solids
  127. 14.10: Water - A Remarkable Molecule
  128. 15: Solutions
  129. 15.01: Tragedy in Cameroon
  130. 15.02: Solutions - Homogeneous Mixtures
  131. 15.03: Solutions of Solids Dissolved in Water- How to Make Rock Candy
  132. 15.04: Solutions of Gases in Water
  133. 15.05: Specifying Solution Concentration- Mass Percent
  134. 15.06: Specifying Solution Concentration- Molarity
  135. 15.07: Solution Dilution
  136. 15.08: Solution Stoichiometry
  137. 15.09: Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation
  138. 15.10: Osmosis
  139. 16: Acids and Bases
  140. 16.01: Acids- Properties and Examples
  141. 16.02: Bases- Properties and Examples
  142. 16.03: Molecular Definitions of Acids and Bases
  143. 16.04: Reactions of Acids and Bases
  144. 16.05: AcidBase Titration
  145. 16.06: Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
  146. 16.07: Water - Acid and Base in One
  147. 16.08: The pH and pOH Scales - Ways to Express Acidity and Basicity
  148. 16.09: Buffers- Solutions that Resist pH Change
  149. 17: Chemical Equilibrium
  150. 17.01: The Rate of a Chemical Reaction
  151. 17.02: The Idea of Dynamic Chemical Equilibrium
  152. 17.03: The Equilibrium Constant - A Measure of How Far a Reaction Goes
  153. 17.04: Heterogeneous Equilibria- The Equilibrium Expression for Reactions Involving a Solid or a Liquid
  154. 17.05: Calculating and Using Equilibrium Constants
  155. 17.06: Disturbing a Reaction at Equilibrium- Le Chateliers Principle
  156. 17.07: The Effect of a Concentration Change on Equilibrium
  157. 17.08: The Effect of a Volume Change on Equilibrium
  158. 17.09: The Effect of Temperature Changes on Equilibrium
  159. 17.10: The Solubility-Product Constant
  160. 17.11: The Path of a Reaction and the Effect of a Catalyst
  161. 18: Oxidation and Reduction
  162. 18.01: Oxidation and Reduction- Some Definitions
  163. 18.02: Oxidation States- Electron Bookkeeping
  164. 18.03: Balancing Redox Equations
  165. 18.04: The Activity Series- Predicting Spontaneous Redox Reactions
  166. 18.05: Batteries- Using Chemistry to Generate Electricity
  167. 18.06: Electrolysis- Using Electricity to Do Chemistry
  168. 18.07: Corrosion- Undesirable Redox Reactions
  169. 19: Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry
  170. 19.01: The Discovery of Radioactivity
  171. 19.02: Types of Radioactivity- Alpha Beta and Gamma Decay
  172. 19.03: Detecting Radioactivity
  173. 19.04: Natural Radioactivity and Half-Life
  174. 19.05: Radiocarbon Dating- Using Radioactivity to Measure the Age of Fossils and Other Artifacts
  175. 19.06: Radioactivity in Medicine
  176. 19.07: The Discovery of Fission and the Atomic Bomb
  177. 19.08: Nuclear Power- Using Fission to Generate Electricity
  178. 19.09: Nuclear Fusion- The Power of the Sun
  179. 19.10: The Effects of Radiation on Life
  180. 20: Organic Chemistry
  181. 20.01: What Do I Smell
  182. 20.02: Vitalism- the Difference Between Organic and Inorganic
  183. 20.03: Carbon- A Versitile Atom
  184. 20.04: Hydrocarbons- Compounds Containing Only Carbon and Hydrocarbon
  185. 20.05: Alkanes- Saturated Hydrocarbons
  186. 20.06: Isomers- Same Formula Different Structure
  187. 20.07: Naming Alkanes
  188. 20.08: Alkenes and Alkynes
  189. 20.09: Hydrocarbon Reactions
  190. 20.10: Aromatic Hydrocarbons
  191. 20.11: Functional Groups
  192. 20.12: Alcohols
  193. 20.13: Ethers
  194. 20.14: Aldehydes and Ketones
  195. 20.15: Carboxylic Acids and Esters
  196. 20.16: Amines
  197. 20.17: Polymers
  198. 21: Biochemistry
  199. 21.01: The Human Genome Project
  200. 21.02: Proteins
  201. 21.03: Protein Structure
  202. 21.04: Carbohydrates
  203. 21.05: Nucleic Acids- Blueprints for Proteins
  204. 21.06: The Cell and Its Main Chemical Components
  205. 21.07: Lipids