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Chem 321: Physical Chemistry I

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Chem 321: Physical Chemistry I

This text is a introduction to thermodynamics and quantum chemistry. The macroscopic behavior of matter as embodied in thermodynamics and kinetics is correlated with the microscopic model of matter based on atomic-molecular theory.

Chemistry
Author
Mary Crawford
Publisher
Knox College
Source
LibreTexts
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 88 sections
  1. 01: Enery Levels and Spectroscopy
  2. 1.01: Electromagnetic Radiation
  3. 1.02: The Wave Theory of Light
  4. 1.03: Bohr's Theory of the Hydrogen Emission Spectrum
  5. 1.04: Hydrogen's Atomic Emission Spectrum
  6. 1.05: The Schrodinger Wave Equation
  7. 1.06: Particle in a One-Dimensional Box
  8. 1.07: Electronic Spectroscopy
  9. 1.08: The Harmonic Oscillator Approximates Vibrations
  10. 1.09: The Harmonic Oscillator and Infrared Spectra
  11. 1.10: Microwave Spectroscopy
  12. 02: Atomic Structure
  13. 2.01: The Schrodinger Wave Equation for the Hydrogen Atom
  14. 2.02: Many-Electron Atoms and the Periodic Table
  15. 2.03: Quantum-Mechanical Tunneling
  16. 03: Chemical Bond
  17. 3.01: Lewis Structures
  18. 3.02: Valence Bond Theory
  19. 3.03: Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals
  20. 3.04: Molecular Orbital Theory
  21. 3.05: Diatomic Molecules
  22. 04: Gases
  23. 4.01: The Perfect Gas
  24. 4.02: Real Gases (Deviations From Ideal Behavior)
  25. 4.03: The Repulsive Term in the Lennard-Jones Potential
  26. 05: Boltzmann
  27. 5.01: The Boltzmann Factor
  28. 5.02: The Thermal Boltzman Distribution
  29. 5.03: The Average Ensemble Energy
  30. 5.04: Heat Capacity at Constant Volume
  31. 5.05: Partition Functions can be Decomposed
  32. 5.06: Translational Partition Functions of Monotonic Gases
  33. 5.07: Most Atoms are in the Ground Electronic State
  34. 5.08: The Energy of a Diatomic Molecule Can Be Approximated as a Sum of Separate Terms
  35. 5.09: Most Molecules are in the Ground Vibrational State
  36. 5.10: Most Molecules are Rotationally Excited at Ordinary Temperatures
  37. 5.11: Rotational Partition Functions of Diatomic Gases
  38. 06: The First Law
  39. 6.01: Internal Energy
  40. 6.02: Enthalpy
  41. 6.03: Thermochemistry
  42. 07: Entropy and the Second Law
  43. 7.01: A System and Its Surroundings
  44. 7.02: The Second Law of Thermodynamics
  45. 7.03: We Must Always Devise a Reversible Process to Calculate Entropy Changes
  46. 7.04: The Statistical Interpretation of Entropy
  47. 7.05: Entropy Can Be Expressed in Terms of a Partition Function
  48. 08: The Third Law
  49. 8.01: Heat Capacity as A Function of Temperature
  50. 8.02: Evaluating Entropy Changes Using Thermochemical Cycles
  51. 8.03: The Third Law of Thermodynamics
  52. 09: Helmholtz and Gibbs Energies
  53. 9.01: Helmholtz Energy
  54. 9.02: Gibbs Energy
  55. 9.03: The Maxwell Relations
  56. 9.04: The Enthalpy of an Ideal Gas
  57. 9.05: Gibbs-Helmholtz Relation (Gibbs Energy-Chang)
  58. 9.06: The Gibbs-Helmholtz Equation
  59. 10: Phase Equilibria
  60. 10.01: A Phase Diagram Summarizes the Solid-Liquid-Gas Behavior of a Substance
  61. 10.02: Gibbs Energies and Phase Diagrams
  62. 10.03: The Chemical Potentials of a Pure Substance in Two Phases in Equilibrium
  63. 10.04: The Clausius-Clapeyron Equation
  64. 11: Solutions I- Liquid-Liquid Solutions
  65. 11.01: Partial Molar Quantities in Solutions
  66. 11.02: The Gibbs-Duhem Equation
  67. 11.03: Chemical Potential of Each Component Has the Same Value in Each Phase in Which the Component Appears
  68. 11.04: Ideal Solutions obey Raoult's Law
  69. 11.05: Most Solutions are Not Ideal
  70. 11.06: Vapor Pressures of Volatile Binary Solutions
  71. 11.07: Activities of Nonideal Solutions
  72. 12: Chemical Equilibriium
  73. 12.01: The Standard Gibbs Free Energy Change and Equilibrium in Ideal Gas Reactions
  74. 12.02: Equilibrium Results when Gibbs Energy is Minimized
  75. 12.03: The Equilibrium Constant
  76. 12.04: Calculating an Equilibrium Constant Kp with Partial Pressures
  77. 12.05: The Van't Hoff Equation
  78. 13: MathChapters
  79. 13.01: A- Complex Numbers
  80. 13.02: B- Probability and Statistics
  81. 13.03: C- Vectors
  82. 13.04: D- Spherical Coordinates
  83. 13.05: E- Determinants
  84. 13.06: F- Matrices
  85. 13.07: G- Numerical Methods
  86. 13.08: H- Partial Differentiation
  87. 13.09: I- Series and Limits
  88. 13.10: J- The Binomial Distribution and Stirling's Appromixation