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How Language Works

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How Language Works

Linguistics is the science of language; it treats language and the ways people use it as phenomena to be studied much as a geologist treats the earth. Linguists want to figure out how language works. They are no more in the business of making value judgments about people's language than geologists are in the business of making value judgments about the behavior of the earth.

LinguisticsSocial Sciences
Author
Michael Gasser
Publisher
Indiana University
Source
LibreTexts
License
GNU FDL
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 72 sections
  1. 01: Introduction
  2. 1.00: Introduction
  3. 1.01: What We Study
  4. 1.02: How We Study Language
  5. 1.03: What We Don't Do- Prescribing and Evaluating Language
  6. 1.04: Dialects and Languages
  7. 1.05: A Stand and Two Themes
  8. 1.06: Why Study Language
  9. 1.07: Problems
  10. 02: Word Meanings
  11. 2.00: Introduction to Word Meanings
  12. 2.01: Reference and Proper Nouns
  13. 2.02: Categories and Common Nouns
  14. 2.03: Word Senses and Taxonomies
  15. 2.04: Metaphor and Metonymy
  16. 2.05: Deixis and Person
  17. 2.06: Lexical Differences Among Languages
  18. 2.07: Learning Meaning
  19. 2.08: Problems
  20. 03: Word Forms - Units
  21. 3.00: Introduction
  22. 3.01: Phonemes
  23. 3.02: Iconicity
  24. 3.03: Vowels (Part 1)
  25. 3.04: Vowels (Part 2)
  26. 3.05: English Consonants
  27. 3.06: Consonants in Other Languages
  28. 3.07: Syllables
  29. 3.08: Problems
  30. 04: Word Forms - Processes
  31. 4.00: Introduction to Word Forms
  32. 4.01: Phonetic Contexts
  33. 4.02: Assimilation
  34. 4.03: Distribution of Phones
  35. 4.04: Learning Phonology
  36. 4.05: English Accents
  37. 4.06: Phonological Change
  38. 4.07: Phonology in the Wild
  39. 4.08: Problems
  40. 05: Composition - Combining Words
  41. 5.00: Introduction
  42. 5.01: Attributes and Attribution
  43. 5.02: Modification
  44. 5.03: Compositionality and Idiomaticity
  45. 5.04: Problems
  46. 06: Sentences
  47. 6.00: Introduction
  48. 6.01: States and Events
  49. 6.02: Situation Schemas and Semantic Roles
  50. 6.03: Constituency and Noun Phrases
  51. 6.04: Subjects
  52. 6.05: Direct Objects
  53. 6.06: Adjuncts
  54. 6.07: Sentence Functions
  55. 6.08: Problems
  56. 07: Grammatical Categories
  57. 7.00: Introduction
  58. 7.01: Morphemes
  59. 7.02: Grammatical Categories and NPs
  60. 7.03: Grammatical Categories and Verbs
  61. 7.04: Problems
  62. 08: Derivation
  63. 8.00: Introduction
  64. 8.01: Derivational Morphology
  65. 8.02: Foregrounding and Backgrounding
  66. 8.03: Active and Passive Voice
  67. 8.04: More Verb Derivation
  68. 8.05: Problems
  69. 09: Appendices
  70. 9.00: Phonetic Symbols
  71. 9.01: Languages Cited in this Book
  72. 9.02: References