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The Environment of the Earth's Surface

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The Environment of the Earth's Surface

A great variety of processes affect the surface of the Earth. Topics to be covered are production and movement of surficial materials; soils and soil erosion; precipitation; streams and lakes; groundwater flow; glaciers and their deposits. The text combines aspects of geology, climatology, hydrology, and soil science to present a coherent introduction to the surface of the Earth, with emphasis on both fundamental concepts and practical applications.

Geography (Physical)Geosciences
Author
John Southard
Publisher
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Source
LibreTexts
License
CC BY-NC-SA
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 97 sections
  1. 01: Introduction
  2. 1.01: Some Basic Physics Relevant to The Earth's Surface
  3. 1.02: Heading and Cooling of the Earth's Surface
  4. 1.03: Some Elementary Chemistry Relevant to the Earth's Surface
  5. 1.04: The Nature of Water
  6. 1.05: Some Essential of the Chemistry of the Surface Zone of the Earth
  7. 1.06: The Flow of Water
  8. 02: Introduction and Geology
  9. 2.01: The Earth - The Ground Beneath Your Feet
  10. 2.02: Minerals
  11. 2.03: Rocks
  12. 2.04: Bedrock
  13. 2.05: Weathering
  14. 2.06: The Mineral Particles of the Earth's Surface Materials
  15. 2.07: Regolith
  16. 2.08: Sediment
  17. 2.09: Soils
  18. 03: Topography
  19. 3.01: Latitude and Longitude
  20. 3.02: Maps
  21. 3.03: Topographic Maps
  22. 3.04: Stream Networks Drainage Basins and Divides
  23. 3.05: Geologic Maps and Cross Sections
  24. 04: Groundwater
  25. 4.01: Introduction- How Water Gets to Be Groundwater
  26. 4.02: A Home Experiment on Infiltration
  27. 4.03: The Physics of Groundwater Movement
  28. 4.04: Qualitative Aspects of Groundwater and Groundwater Flow
  29. 4.05: Some Practical Things About Water Wells
  30. 4.06: Groundwater in Coastal Regions
  31. 05: Rivers
  32. 5.01: Introduction
  33. 5.02: Fluvial Hydrology
  34. 5.03: Open-Channel Hydraulics
  35. 5.04: The Energy of Rivers
  36. 5.05: The Morphology of Rivers
  37. 5.06: Classifying Rivers
  38. 5.07: Variables Involved In Rivers
  39. 5.08: Fluvial Sediment Transport
  40. 5.09: Morphology and Dynamics of Meandering Streams
  41. 5.10: Drainage Networks
  42. 5.11: Fluvial Deposits
  43. 5.12: Floods
  44. 5.13: Some Practical Aspects of Rivers
  45. 06: Lakes
  46. 6.01: The Origin of Lakes
  47. 6.02: The Geometry of Lakes
  48. 6.03: Residence Time
  49. 6.04: The Water Balance of Lakes
  50. 6.05: The Vertical Temperature Structure of Bath Water
  51. 6.06: The Thermal Structure of Real Lakes
  52. 6.07: Classification of Lakes by Thermal Regime
  53. 6.08: The Lifetime of Lakes
  54. 07: Glaciers
  55. 7.01: Introduction to Glaciers
  56. 7.02: Classification of Glaciers
  57. 7.03: Distribution of Glaciers
  58. 7.04: Glacier Ice
  59. 7.05: The Budget of Glaciers
  60. 7.06: Movement of Glaciers
  61. 7.07: Deformation of Ice
  62. 7.08: The Thermal Structure of Glaciers
  63. 7.09: Glacial Meltwater
  64. 7.10: Glacial Erosion
  65. 7.11: Glacial Sediment Transport
  66. 7.12: Glacial Deposits
  67. 08: Coasts
  68. 8.01: Introduction to Coasts
  69. 8.02: Classification
  70. 8.03: Tides and Tidal Currents
  71. 8.04: Beaches
  72. 8.05: Deltas
  73. 09: Deserts
  74. 9.01: Introduction to Deserts
  75. 9.02: Classification of Deserts
  76. 9.03: A Brief Summary of Desert Features
  77. 9.04: Saltation
  78. 9.05: Eolian Ripplers and Eolian Dunes
  79. 10: Mass Wasting
  80. 10.01: Introduction to Mass Wasting
  81. 10.02: The Controls on Downslope Movement
  82. 10.03: Kinds of Mass Wasting
  83. 10.04: Creep
  84. 10.05: Landslides
  85. 10.06: Debris Flows
  86. 11: Landscapes
  87. 11.01: Introduction to Landscapes
  88. 11.02: Mountains and Valleys
  89. 11.03: Davisian Geomorphology
  90. 11.04: How Fast Are the Continents Worn Down
  91. 11.05: Drainage Development in Newly Emergent Regions
  92. 11.06: Some Common Geomorphic Features Produced by Fluvial Erosion
  93. 12: The Hydrologic Cycle the Sediment Cycle and the Carbon Cycle
  94. 12.01: Introduction - Systems Cycles Reservoirs and Fluxes
  95. 12.02: The Earths Water and the Hydrologic Cycle
  96. 12.03: The Sediment Cycle
  97. 12.04: The Carbon Cycle