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Biology for Majors I

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Biology for Majors I

This gateway biology course provides a strong foundation in the principles of biology for students majoring in Natural Science, medical and healthcare fields. It is the second of a two-course sequence. Primary topics such as the history of life, body systems, and ecology are covered in this course.

Biology
Publisher
Lumen Learning
Source
LibreTexts
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 286 sections
  1. 01: Course Contents
  2. 1.01: About This Course
  3. 1.02: Course Contents at a Glance
  4. 1.03: Learning Outcomes
  5. 02: Faculty Resources
  6. 2.01: Faculty Resources Overview
  7. 2.02: Pacing
  8. 2.03: PDF
  9. 2.04: PowerPoints
  10. 2.05: Assignments
  11. 2.06: Assignments with Samples
  12. 2.07: Question Banks
  13. 2.08: I Need Help
  14. 03: Module 1- Introduction to Biology
  15. 3.01: Why It Matters- Introduction to Biology
  16. 3.02: Introduction to Characteristics of Life
  17. 3.03: Properties of Life
  18. 3.04: Introduction to Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
  19. 3.05: Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
  20. 3.06: Levels of Organization of Living Things
  21. 3.07: Introduction to Taxonomy
  22. 3.08: The Diversity of Life
  23. 3.09: Phylogenetic Trees
  24. 3.10: Taxonomy
  25. 3.11: Introduction to the Study of Biology
  26. 3.12: The Branches of Biology
  27. 3.13: Scientific Inquiry
  28. 3.14: Experiments and Hypotheses
  29. 3.15: Interpreting Results
  30. 3.16: Putting It Together- Introduction to Biology
  31. 04: Module 2- Chemistry of Life
  32. 4.01: Why It Matters- The Chemistry of Life
  33. 4.02: Introduction to Atoms and Elements
  34. 4.03: Atoms
  35. 4.04: The Periodic Table of Elements
  36. 4.05: Electrons
  37. 4.06: Introduction to Atomic Bonds
  38. 4.07: Ionic Bonds
  39. 4.08: Covalent Bonds
  40. 4.09: Hydrogen Bonds
  41. 4.10: Introduction to Functional Groups
  42. 4.11: Functional Groups
  43. 4.12: Introduction to The pH Scale
  44. 4.13: Acids and Bases
  45. 4.14: Buffers
  46. 4.15: Introduction to Chemical Reactions
  47. 4.16: Chemical Reactions and Molecules
  48. 4.17: Anabolic and Catabolic Pathways
  49. 4.18: Enzymes
  50. 4.19: Introduction to Thermodynamics
  51. 4.20: Open and Closed Systems
  52. 4.21: The First Law of Thermodynamics
  53. 4.22: The Second Law of Thermodynamics
  54. 4.23: Putting It Together- Chemistry of Life
  55. 4.24: Assignment- Biological Astronaut
  56. 4.25: Assignment- Interacting with Attributes of Molecules
  57. 05: Module 3- Important Biological Macromolecules
  58. 5.01: Why It Matters- Important Biological Macromolecules
  59. 5.02: Introduction to Proteins
  60. 5.03: Amino Acids
  61. 5.04: Protein Structure
  62. 5.05: Function of Proteins
  63. 5.06: Introduction to Lipids
  64. 5.07: Lipids
  65. 5.08: Introduction to Carbohydrates
  66. 5.09: Structure and Function of Carbohydrates
  67. 5.10: Introduction to Nucleic Acids
  68. 5.11: Structure of Nucleic Acids
  69. 5.12: DNA and RNA
  70. 5.13: Introduction to Comparing Biological Macromolecules
  71. 5.14: Different Types of Biological Macromolecules
  72. 5.15: Putting It Together- Important Biological Macromolecules
  73. 5.16: Assignment- Nutritionist for a Day
  74. 06: Module 4- Cellular Structure
  75. 6.01: Why It Matters- Cellular Structure
  76. 6.02: Introduction to Microscopes
  77. 6.03: Microscopy
  78. 6.04: Introduction to Organelles
  79. 6.05: Cytoplasm
  80. 6.06: Nucleus
  81. 6.07: Ribosomes Mitochondria and Peroxisomes
  82. 6.08: Endomembrane System
  83. 6.09: Vesicles
  84. 6.10: Unique Features of Animal and Plant Cells
  85. 6.11: Introduction to Cytoskeleton
  86. 6.12: Microfilaments
  87. 6.13: Intermediate Filaments
  88. 6.14: Microtubules
  89. 6.15: Introduction to Cell Surface
  90. 6.16: Cell Membranes
  91. 6.17: Cell Junctions
  92. 6.18: The Cell Wall
  93. 6.19: Putting It Together- Cellular Structure
  94. 6.20: Assignment- Cell Builder
  95. 07: Module 5- Cell Membranes
  96. 7.01: Why It Matters- Cell Membranes
  97. 7.02: Introduction to Structure of the Membrane
  98. 7.03: Structure of the Cell Membrane
  99. 7.04: Phospholipids
  100. 7.05: Introduction to Kinds of Transport
  101. 7.06: Passive Transport
  102. 7.07: Active Transport
  103. 7.08: Membranes and Transport
  104. 7.09: Introduction to Endocytosis and Exocytosis
  105. 7.10: Endocytosis
  106. 7.11: Exocytosis
  107. 7.12: Putting It Together- Cell Membranes
  108. 7.13: Assignment- Membranes Alive
  109. 08: Module 6- Metabolic Pathways
  110. 8.01: Why It Matters- Metabolic Pathways
  111. 8.02: Introduction to Redox Reactions
  112. 8.03: Electrons and Energy
  113. 8.04: ATP in Living Systems
  114. 8.05: Introduction to Photosynthesis
  115. 8.06: An Overview of Photosynthesis
  116. 8.07: Spectrums of Light
  117. 8.08: Light-Dependent Reactions
  118. 8.09: Light-Independent Reactions
  119. 8.10: Photosynthesis
  120. 8.11: Introduction to Cellular Respiration
  121. 8.12: Glycolysis
  122. 8.13: Pyruvate Oxidation
  123. 8.14: Citric Acid Cycle
  124. 8.15: Electron Transport Chain
  125. 8.16: Cellular Respiration
  126. 8.17: Introduction to Fermentation
  127. 8.18: Metabolism without Oxygen
  128. 8.19: Types of Fermentation
  129. 8.20: Putting It Together- Metabolic Pathways
  130. 8.21: Assignment- Observing Energy Transactions
  131. 09: Module 7- Cell Communication
  132. 9.01: Why It Matters- Cell Communication
  133. 9.02: Introduction to Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
  134. 9.03: Types of Signals
  135. 9.04: Signaling Molecules
  136. 9.05: Signaling Receptors
  137. 9.06: Introduction to Propagation of the Signal
  138. 9.07: Binding Initiates a Signaling Pathway
  139. 9.08: Methods of Intracellular Signaling
  140. 9.09: Introduction to Response to the Signal
  141. 9.10: Expression and Growth
  142. 9.11: Cell Death
  143. 9.12: Introduction to Signaling in Single-Celled Organisms
  144. 9.13: Signaling in Yeast
  145. 9.14: Signaling in Bacteria
  146. 9.15: Putting It Together- Cell Communication
  147. 10: Module 8- Cell Division
  148. 10.01: Why It Matters- Cell Division
  149. 10.02: Introduction to Chromosomes and DNA Packaging
  150. 10.03: DNA and Chromosomes
  151. 10.04: Chromosome Structure
  152. 10.05: Introduction to the Cell Cycle
  153. 10.06: Interphase
  154. 10.07: Mitosis
  155. 10.08: Cytokinesis
  156. 10.09: The Complete Cycle
  157. 10.10: Introduction to Cell Cycle Checkpoints
  158. 10.11: Control of the Cell Cycle
  159. 10.12: Cancer and the Cell Cycle
  160. 10.13: Introduction to Meiosis
  161. 10.14: Stages of Meiosis
  162. 10.15: Meiosis I
  163. 10.16: Meiosis II
  164. 10.17: Meiosis
  165. 10.18: Introduction to Genetic Diversity
  166. 10.19: Sexual Reproduction
  167. 10.20: Genetic Variation in Meiosis
  168. 10.21: Chromosomal Structural Rearrangements
  169. 10.22: Mitosis Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
  170. 10.23: Introduction to Errors in Chromosome Number
  171. 10.24: Karyotypes
  172. 10.25: Common Disorders
  173. 10.26: Putting It Together- Cell Division
  174. 10.27: Assignment- Mitosis and Meiosis Worksheets
  175. 11: Module 9- DNA Structure and Replication
  176. 11.01: Why It Matters- DNA Structure and Replication
  177. 11.02: Introduction to Storing Genetic Information
  178. 11.03: Structure of DNA
  179. 11.04: Genetic Information
  180. 11.05: DNA Packaging in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
  181. 11.06: Introduction to DNA Base Pairs and Replication
  182. 11.07: The History of DNA
  183. 11.08: Basics of DNA Replication
  184. 11.09: Major Enzymes
  185. 11.10: Proofreading DNA
  186. 11.11: Telomeres
  187. 11.12: Introduction to DNA Mutations
  188. 11.13: What is a Mutation
  189. 11.14: Mutations in Somatic Cells and in Gametes
  190. 11.15: Major Types of Mutations
  191. 11.16: Putting It Together- DNA Structure and Replication
  192. 11.17: Assignment- Which Has More DNA
  193. 12: Module 10- DNA Transcription and Translation
  194. 12.01: Why It Matters- DNA Transcription and Translation
  195. 12.02: Introduction to Transcription
  196. 12.03: Steps of Genetic Transcription
  197. 12.04: RNA Polymerase
  198. 12.05: pre-RNA and mRNA
  199. 12.06: RNA Post-Translational Modification
  200. 12.07: Introduction to Translation
  201. 12.08: Steps of Translation
  202. 12.09: Ribosomes
  203. 12.10: tRNA
  204. 12.11: Codons
  205. 12.12: Protein Modifications
  206. 12.13: Introduction to Prokaryotic Transcription and Translation
  207. 12.14: Prokaryotic Transcription
  208. 12.15: Prokaryotic Translation
  209. 12.16: Introduction to the Central Dogma
  210. 12.17: The Central Dogma
  211. 12.18: Putting It Together- DNA Transcription and Translation
  212. 13: Module 11- Gene Expression
  213. 13.01: Why It Matters- Gene Expression
  214. 13.02: Introduction to Regulation of Gene Expression
  215. 13.03: Expression of Genes
  216. 13.04: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Gene Regulation
  217. 13.05: Introduction to Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
  218. 13.06: Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes
  219. 13.07: Repressors
  220. 13.08: Activators and Inducers
  221. 13.09: Prokaryotic Gene Regulation at Work
  222. 13.10: Introduction to Eukaryotic Gene Regulation
  223. 13.11: Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation
  224. 13.12: Eukaryotic Transcription Gene Regulation
  225. 13.13: Post-Transcriptional Control of Gene Expression
  226. 13.14: Putting It Together- Gene Expression
  227. 13.15: Assignment- How Mutations Work
  228. 14: Module 12- Trait Inheritance
  229. 14.01: Why It Matters- Trait Inheritance
  230. 14.02: Introduction to the Father of Genetics
  231. 14.03: Mendels Experiments and Heredity
  232. 14.04: Characteristics and Traits
  233. 14.05: Laws of Inheritance
  234. 14.06: Heredity
  235. 14.07: Introduction to Beyond Dominance and Recessiveness
  236. 14.08: Non-Mendelian Inheritance
  237. 14.09: Non-Mendelian Punnett Squares
  238. 14.10: Multiple Alleles
  239. 14.11: Introduction to Heredity and Disease
  240. 14.12: Penetrance and Expressivity
  241. 14.13: Pedigrees and Disease
  242. 14.14: Pedigree Flowchart
  243. 14.15: Genetic Disorder and Pedigrees
  244. 14.16: Introduction to Genetics and the Environment
  245. 14.17: Epistasis
  246. 14.18: Polygenic Inheritance and Environmental Effects
  247. 14.19: Effect of the Environment
  248. 14.20: Pleiotropy and Human Disorders
  249. 14.21: Putting It Together- Trait Inheritance
  250. 14.22: Assignment- Dragon Genetics
  251. 15: Module 13- Theory of Evolution
  252. 15.01: Why It Matters- Theory of Evolution
  253. 15.02: Introduction to Charles Darwin
  254. 15.03: Darwin and Descent with Modification
  255. 15.04: Darwin and the Theory of Evolution
  256. 15.05: Natural Selection
  257. 15.06: Introduction to Evidence for Evolution
  258. 15.07: Physical Evidence
  259. 15.08: Biological Evidence
  260. 15.09: Misconceptions of Evolution
  261. 15.10: Introduction to Mutations and Evolution
  262. 15.11: Population Genetics
  263. 15.12: Selective and Environmental Pressures
  264. 15.13: Introduction to Phylogenetic Trees
  265. 15.14: Scientific Classification
  266. 15.15: Structure of Phylogenetic Trees
  267. 15.16: Limitations of Phylogenetic Trees
  268. 15.17: The Taxonomic Classification System
  269. 15.18: Putting It Together- Theory of Evolution
  270. 16: Module 14- Modern Biology
  271. 16.01: Why It Matters- Modern Biology
  272. 16.02: Introduction to Key Technologies
  273. 16.03: Manipulating Genetic Material
  274. 16.04: DNA Sequencing
  275. 16.05: Cloning
  276. 16.06: Genetic Engineering
  277. 16.07: Introduction to Biotechnology Applications
  278. 16.08: Medicinal Biotechnology
  279. 16.09: Agricultural Biotechnology
  280. 16.10: Biotechnology at the Cutting Edge
  281. 16.11: Introduction to Risks and Benefits of Genomic Science
  282. 16.12: Genetic Information Used for Identification
  283. 16.13: Medical Uses of Genetic Information
  284. 16.14: Genomics in Agriculture
  285. 16.15: Putting It Together- Modern Biology
  286. 16.16: Assignment- When Jabberjays Attack