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Introductory Biochemistry

External

Introductory Biochemistry

Chemistry
Author
Theodore Chan
Publisher
Fullerton College
Source
LibreTexts
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 198 sections
  1. 01: Organic Chemistry - Alkanes and Halogenated Hydrocarbons
  2. 1.01: Prelude to Organic Chemistry - Alkanes and Halogenated Hydrocarbons
  3. 1.02: Organic Chemistry
  4. 1.03: Branched-Chain Alkanes
  5. 1.04: Structures and Names of Alkanes
  6. 1.05: Condensed Structural and Line-Angle Formulas
  7. 1.06: IUPAC Nomenclature
  8. 1.07: Halogenated Hydrocarbons
  9. 1.08: Cycloalkanes
  10. 1.09: Physical Properties of Alkanes
  11. 1.10: Chemical Properties of Alkanes
  12. 1.11: Organic Chemistry
  13. 1.12: Organic Chemistry- Alkanes and Halogenated Hydrocarbons (Summary)
  14. 1.13: Organic Chemistry- Alkanes and Halogenated Hydrocarbons (Exercises)
  15. 02: Unsaturated and Aromatic Hydrocarbons
  16. 2.01: Prelude to Unsaturated and Aromatic Hydrocarbons
  17. 2.02: Alkenes- Structures and Names
  18. 2.03: Cis-Trans Isomers (Geometric Isomers)
  19. 2.04: Physical Properties of Alkenes
  20. 2.05: Chemical Properties of Alkenes
  21. 2.06: Polymers
  22. 2.07: Alkynes
  23. 2.08: Aromatic Compounds- Benzene
  24. 2.09: Structure and Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds
  25. 2.E: Unsaturated and Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Exercises)
  26. 2.S: Unsaturated and Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Summary)
  27. 03: Alcohols Ethers and Thiols
  28. 3.01: Prelude to Organic Compounds of Oxygen
  29. 3.02: Organic Compounds with Functional Groups
  30. 3.03: Alcohols - Nomenclature and Classification
  31. 3.04: Physical Properties of Alcohols
  32. 3.05: Redox Reactions in Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
  33. 3.06: Reactions that Form Alcohols
  34. 3.07: Reactions of Alcohols
  35. 3.08: Glycols and Glycerol
  36. 3.09: Phenols
  37. 3.10: Ethers
  38. 3.11: Organic Sulfur Compounds
  39. 3.E: Organic Compounds of Oxygen (Exercises)
  40. 04: Aldehydes and Ketones
  41. 4.01: Aldehydes and Ketones- Structure and Names
  42. 4.02: Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones
  43. 4.03: Addition Reactions for Aldehydes and Ketones
  44. 05: Organic Acids and Some of Their Derivatives
  45. 5.01: Prelude to Organic Acids and Bases and Some of Their Derivatives
  46. 5.02: Carboxylic Acids - Structures and Names
  47. 5.03: The Formation of Carboxylic Acids
  48. 5.04: Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids
  49. 5.05: Chemical Properties of Carboxylic Acids- Ionization and Neutralization
  50. 5.06: Esters - Structures and Names
  51. 5.07: Physical Properties of Esters
  52. 5.08: Preparation of Esters
  53. 5.09: Hydrolysis of Esters
  54. 5.10: Esters of Phosphoric Acid
  55. 06: Organic Bases and Some of Their Derivatives
  56. 6.01: Amines - Structures and Names
  57. 6.02: Amines as Bases
  58. 6.03: Physical Properties of Amines
  59. 6.04: Formation of Amides
  60. 6.05: Amides- Structures and Names
  61. 6.06: Physical Properties of Amides
  62. 6.07: Chemical Properties of Amides- Hydrolysis
  63. 6.S: Organic Acids and Bases and Some of Their Derivatives (Summary)
  64. 07: Conformations and Stereochemistry
  65. 7.01: Chirality and stereoisomers
  66. 7.02: Fischer and Haworth projections
  67. 7.03: Exercises on Bond Line Structures Drawing and Isomers
  68. 7.04: Solutions to 7.3 Problems
  69. 08: In The Beginning
  70. 8.01: Introduction - Basic Chemistry
  71. 8.02: Introduction - Water and Buffers
  72. 8.03: Prelude to Structure and Function
  73. 09: Acids and Bases
  74. 9.01: Introduction
  75. 9.02: Arrhenius Acids and Bases
  76. 9.03: Brnsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
  77. 9.04: Strong and Weak Acids and Bases and their Salts
  78. 9.05: Autoionization of Water
  79. 9.06: The pH Scale
  80. 9.07: Acid-Base Titrations
  81. 9.08: Buffers
  82. 9.09: Acids Bases pH and Buffers- Questions
  83. 10: Amino Acids Proteins and Enzymes
  84. 10.01: Prelude to Amino Acids Proteins and Enzymes
  85. 10.02: Properties of Amino Acids
  86. 10.03: Reactions of Amino Acids
  87. 10.04: Structure and Function - Amino Acids
  88. 10.05: Peptides
  89. 10.06: Proteins
  90. 10.07: Proteins
  91. 10.08: Enzymes
  92. 10.09: Enzyme Activity
  93. 10.10: Enzyme Action
  94. 10.11: Enzyme Inhibition
  95. 10.12: Enzyme Cofactors and Vitamins
  96. 10.13: Basic Principles of Catalysis
  97. 10.14: Control of Enzymatic Activity
  98. 10.15: Mechanisms of Catalysis
  99. 10.E: Amino Acids Proteins and Enzymes (Exercises)
  100. 10.S: Amino Acids Proteins and Enzymes (Summary)
  101. 11:9 Solutions
  102. 11.01: Prelude to Solutions
  103. 11.02: Solutions
  104. 11.03: Concentration
  105. 11.04: The Dissolution Process
  106. 11.05: Solubility Rules
  107. 11.06: Molecular and Ionic Equations
  108. 11.07: Net Ionic Equations
  109. 11.08: Osmosis and Diffusion
  110. 11.9: Homework Solutions
  111. 11.09: Solutions Colloids and Membranes- Questions
  112. 11.S: Solutions (Summary)
  113. 12: Carbohydrates
  114. 12.01: Prelude to Carbohydrates
  115. 12.02: Carbohydrates
  116. 12.03: Classes of Monosaccharides
  117. 12.04: Important Hexoses
  118. 12.4.01: Fructose
  119. 12.4.02: Galactose
  120. 12.05: Properties of Monosaccharides
  121. 12.06: Cyclic Structures of Monosaccharides
  122. 12.07: Disaccharides
  123. 12.7.01: Lactose
  124. 12.7.02: Sucrose
  125. 12.08: Polysaccharides
  126. 12.8.01: Starch
  127. 12.8.02: Glycogen
  128. 12.8.03: Cellulose
  129. 12.8.04: Glycation and Heteropolysaccharides
  130. 12.09: Carbohydrates (Structure and Function)- Questions
  131. 12.10: Homework Solutions
  132. 12.11: Carbohydrates Summary
  133. 12.S: Carbohydrates (Short Summary)
  134. 13: Energy
  135. 13.01: Basics of Energy
  136. 14: Carbohydrate Metabolism
  137. 14.01: Energy Metabolism
  138. 14.1.01: Perspectives
  139. 14.1.02: Prelude to Energy Metabolism
  140. 14.1.03: ATP- the Universal Energy Currency
  141. 14.1.04: Stage I of Catabolism
  142. 14.1.05: Stage II of Carbohydrate Catabolism
  143. 14.1.06: Glycolysis
  144. 14.1.07: Gluconeogenesis
  145. 14.1.08: Pentose Phospate Pathway
  146. 14.1.09: Cori Cycle and Citric Acid Cycle
  147. 14.1.10: Stage III of Catabolism
  148. 14.1.11: Cellular Phosphorylations
  149. 14.1.12: Energy Efficiency
  150. 14.1.13: Metabolic Controls of Energy
  151. 14.1.14: Molecular Backups for Muscles
  152. 14.1.E: Energy Metabolism (Exercises)
  153. 14.1.S: Energy Metabolism (Summary)
  154. 14.02: Carbohydrate Metabolism Details
  155. 14.2.01: Metabolism - Sugars
  156. 15: Lipids
  157. 15.01: Prelude to Lipids
  158. 15.02: Fatty Acids
  159. 15.03: Fats and Oils
  160. 15.04: Membranes and Membrane Lipids
  161. 15.05: Membranes
  162. 15.5.01: Basic Concepts in Membranes
  163. 15.5.02: Transport in Membranes
  164. 15.06: Structure and Function - Lipids and Membranes
  165. 15.07: Steroids
  166. 15.08: 15.8-Lipid Catabolism
  167. 15.09: Overview of Lipid Catabolism
  168. 15.10: Lipid Details
  169. 15.10.01: Fatty Acid Oxidation
  170. 15.10.02: Acetyl-CoA Metabolism
  171. 15.10.03: Fatty Acid Synthesis
  172. 15.10.04: Cholesterol Metabolism
  173. 15.10.05: Ketone Body Synthesis
  174. 15.10.06: Prostaglandin Synthesis
  175. 15.E: Exercises
  176. 15.S: Lipids (Summary)
  177. 16: Amino Acid Metabolism
  178. 16.01: Amino Acid Metabolism
  179. 16.02: Amino Acid Catabolism
  180. 16.03: Amino Acids and the Urea Cycle
  181. 16.04: Stage II of Protein Catabolism
  182. 17: Nucleic Acids
  183. 17.01: Prelude to Nucleic Acids
  184. 17.02: Nucleotides
  185. 17.03: Nucleic Acid Structure
  186. 17.04: Replication and Expression of Genetic Information
  187. 17.05: Protein Synthesis and the Genetic Code
  188. 17.06: Mutations and Genetic Diseases
  189. 17.07: Viruses
  190. 17.08: Flow of Genetic Information
  191. 17.8.01: DNA Replication
  192. 17.8.02: DNA Repair
  193. 17.8.03: Transcription
  194. 17.8.04: Regulation of Transcription
  195. 17.8.05: RNA Processing
  196. 17.8.06: Translation
  197. 17.E: Nucleic Acids (Exercises)
  198. 17.S: Nucleic Acids (Summary)