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Introductory Physics: Building Models to Describe Our World

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Introductory Physics: Building Models to Describe Our World

This is an open-access textbook for calculus-based introductory physics courses. The textbook is specifically intended for a flipped-classroom approach, wherein students complete readings at home and the material is then discussed in class. The textbook thus contains questions and activities to engage readers. This text also includes a curriculum in experimental physics, detailing the scientific method and process, suggesting experiments to perform at home and in the lab.

Physics
Author
Ryan D. Martin, Emma Neary, Joshua Rinaldo, and Olivia Woodman
Publisher
Queen's University
Source
LibreTexts
License
CC BY-SA
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 252 sections
  1. 01: The Scientific Method and Physics
  2. 1.01: Science and the Scientific Method
  3. 1.02: Theories Hypotheses and Models
  4. 1.03: Fighting Intuition
  5. 1.04: The Scope of Physics
  6. 1.05: Thinking Like a Physicist
  7. 1.06: Summary
  8. 1.07: Thinking about the Material
  9. 1.08: Sample Problems and Solutions
  10. 02: Comparing Model and Experiment
  11. 2.01: Orders of magnitude
  12. 2.02: Units and dimensions
  13. 2.03: Making Measurements
  14. 2.04: Summary
  15. 2.05: Thinking about the material
  16. 2.06: Sample problems and solutions
  17. 03: Describing Motion in One Dimension
  18. 3.01: Motion with Constant Speed
  19. 3.02: Motion with Constant Acceleration
  20. 3.03: Using Calculus to Describe Motion
  21. 3.04: Using Computation to Simulate Motion
  22. 3.05: Relative Motion
  23. 3.06: Summary
  24. 3.07: Thinking About the Material
  25. 3.08: Sample Problems and Solutions
  26. 04: Describing Motion in Multiple Dimensions
  27. 4.01: Motion in two Dimensions
  28. 4.02: Exploring Vectors with PhET
  29. 4.03: Motion in three dimensions
  30. 4.04: Accelerated motion when the velocity vector changes direction
  31. 4.05: Circular motion
  32. 4.06: Using Computation to Simulate Motion in Multiple Dimensions
  33. 4.07: Summary
  34. 4.08: Thinking about the material .
  35. 4.09: Sample problems and solutions
  36. 05: Newtons Laws
  37. 5.01: Newtons Three Laws
  38. 5.02: Force
  39. 5.03: Mass and inertia
  40. 5.04: Exploring Forces with PhET
  41. 5.05: Applying Newtons Laws
  42. 5.06: The acceleration due to gravity
  43. 5.07: Non-inertial frames of reference and inertial forces
  44. 5.08: Summary
  45. 5.09: Thinking about the Material
  46. 5.10: Sample problems and solutions
  47. 06: Applying Newtons Laws
  48. 6.01: Statics
  49. 6.02: Linear motion
  50. 6.03: Using Computation to Simulate Centripetal Force
  51. 6.04: Uniform circular motion
  52. 6.05: Non-uniform circular motion
  53. 6.06: Summary
  54. 6.07: Thinking about the material
  55. 6.08: Problems and Solutions
  56. 07: Work and energy
  57. 7.01: Work
  58. 7.02: Kinetic energy and the work energy theorem
  59. 7.03: Using PhET to Study the Work-Energy Theorem
  60. 7.04: Calculating Work Numerically
  61. 7.05: Power
  62. 7.06: Summary
  63. 7.07: Thinking about the material
  64. 7.08: Sample Problems and Solutions
  65. 08: Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy
  66. 8.01: Conservative Forces
  67. 8.02: Potential Energy
  68. 8.03: Mechanical Energy and Conservation of Energy
  69. 8.04: Energy diagrams and equilibria
  70. 8.05: Using PhET to explore the Work-Energy Theorem and Energy Diagrams
  71. 8.06: The Lagrangian Formulation of Classical Physics
  72. 8.07: Summary
  73. 8.08: Thinking about the material
  74. 8.09: Sample problems and solutions
  75. 09: Gravity
  76. 9.01: Keplers Laws
  77. 9.02: Newtons Universal Theory of Gravity
  78. 9.03: Gravitational potential energy
  79. 9.04: Einsteins Theory of General Relativity
  80. 9.05: Summary
  81. 9.06: Thinking about the material
  82. 9.07: Sample problems and solutions
  83. 10: Linear Momentum and the Center of Mass
  84. 10.01: Momentum
  85. 10.02: Collisions
  86. 10.03: The center of mass
  87. 10.04: Summary
  88. 10.05: Thinking about the material .
  89. 10.06: Sample problems and solutions
  90. 11: Rotational dynamics
  91. 11.01: Rotational kinematic vectors
  92. 11.02: Rotational dynamics for a single particle
  93. 11.03: Torque
  94. 11.04: Rotation about an axis versus rotation about a point .
  95. 11.05: Rotational dynamics for a solid object
  96. 11.06: Moment of Inertia
  97. 11.07: Equilibrium
  98. 11.08: Summary
  99. 11.09: Thinking about the material
  100. 11.10: Sample problems and solutions
  101. 12: Rotational Energy and Momentum
  102. 12.01: Rotational Kinetic Energy of an Object
  103. 12.02: Rolling motion
  104. 12.03: Angular Momentum
  105. 12.04: Summary
  106. 12.05: Thinking about the material
  107. 12.06: Sample problems and solutions
  108. 13: Simple Harmonic Motion
  109. 13.01: The motion of a spring-mass system
  110. 13.02: Vertical spring-mass system
  111. 13.03: Simple Harmonic Motion
  112. 13.04: The Motion of a Pendulum
  113. 13.05: Summary
  114. 13.06: Thinking about the material
  115. 13.07: Sample problems and solutions
  116. 14: Waves
  117. 14.01: Characteristics of a wave
  118. 14.02: Mathematical Description of a Wave
  119. 14.03: Waves on a Rope
  120. 14.04: The speed of a wave
  121. 14.05: Energy Transported by a Wave
  122. 14.06: Superposition of waves and interference
  123. 14.07: Standing waves
  124. 14.08: Summary
  125. 14.09: Thinking about the material
  126. 14.10: Sample problems and solutions
  127. 15: Fluid Mechanics
  128. 15.01: Pressure
  129. 15.02: Buoyancy
  130. 15.03: Hydrodynamics
  131. 15.04: Exploring Pressure with PhET
  132. 15.4.01: Hydrostatics
  133. 15.4.02: Buoyancy
  134. 15.4.03: Hydrodynamics
  135. 15.05: Summary
  136. 15.06: Thinking about the material
  137. 15.07: Sample problems and solutions
  138. 16: Electric Charges and Fields
  139. 16.01: Electric Charge
  140. 16.02: The Coulomb force
  141. 16.03: The Electric Field
  142. 16.04: The Electric Dipole
  143. 16.05: Summary
  144. 16.06: Thinking about the material
  145. 16.07: Sample problems and solutions
  146. 17: Gauss Law
  147. 17.01: Flux of the Electric Field
  148. 17.02: Gauss Law
  149. 17.03: Charges in a Conductor
  150. 17.04: Interpretation of Gauss Law and vector calculus
  151. 17.05: Summary
  152. 17.06: Thinking about the Material
  153. 17.07: Sample problems and solutions
  154. 18: Electric potential
  155. 18.01: Electric Potential Energy
  156. 18.02: Electric potential
  157. 18.03: Calculating electric potential from charge distributions
  158. 18.04: Electric field and potential at the surface of a conductor
  159. 18.05: Capacitors
  160. 18.06: Summary
  161. 18.07: Thinking about the material
  162. 18.08: Sample problems and solutions
  163. 19: Electric Current
  164. 19.01: Current
  165. 19.02: Microscopic model of current
  166. 19.03: Ohms Law
  167. 19.04: Resistors
  168. 19.05: Alternating voltages and currents
  169. 19.06: Electrical safety
  170. 19.07: Summary
  171. 19.08: Thinking about the material
  172. 19.09: Sample problems and solutions
  173. 20: Electric Circuits
  174. 20.01: Batteries and Simple Circuits
  175. 20.02: Kirchhoffs rules
  176. 20.03: Applying Kirchhoffs rule to model circuits
  177. 20.04: Measuring current and voltage
  178. 20.05: Modeling circuits with capacitors
  179. 20.06: Summary
  180. 20.07: Thinking about the Material
  181. 20.08: Sample problems and solutions
  182. 21: The Magnetic Force
  183. 21.01: Magnetic fields
  184. 21.02: The magnetic force on a moving charge
  185. 21.03: The magnetic force on a current-carrying wire .
  186. 21.04: The Torque on a Current-Carrying Loop
  187. 21.05: The Hall Effect
  188. 21.06: Applications
  189. 21.07: Summary
  190. 21.08: Thinking about the Material
  191. 21.09: Sample problems and solutions
  192. 22: Source of Magnetic Field
  193. 22.01: The Biot-Savart Law
  194. 22.02: Force between two current-carrying wires
  195. 22.03: Amperes Law
  196. 22.04: Solenoids and Toroids
  197. 22.05: Summary
  198. 22.06: Thinking about the material
  199. 22.07: Sample problems and solutions
  200. 23: Electromagnetic Induction
  201. 23.01: Faradays Law
  202. 23.02: Induction in a Moving Conductor
  203. 23.03: Back EMF in an electric motor
  204. 23.04: The induced electric field and eddy currents
  205. 23.05: Transformers
  206. 23.06: Maxwells equations and electromagnetic waves
  207. 23.07: Summary
  208. 23.08: Thinking about the material
  209. 23.09: Sample problems and solutions
  210. 24: The Theory of Special Relativity
  211. 24.01: Introduction- The issue with Maxwells equations
  212. 24.02: Einsteins postulates
  213. 24.03: Time Dilation
  214. 24.04: Length Contraction
  215. 24.05: Electric and magnetic fields and Special Relativity
  216. 24.06: Lorentz transformations and space-time
  217. 24.07: Relativistic momentum and energy
  218. 24.08: Closing Remarks
  219. 24.09: Summary
  220. 24.10: Thinking about the material
  221. 24.11: Sample problems and solutions
  222. 25: Vectors
  223. 25.01: Coordinate Systems
  224. 25.02: Vectors
  225. 25.03: Vector algebra
  226. 25.04: Example uses of vectors in physics
  227. 25.05: Summary
  228. 25.06: Thinking about the Material
  229. 25.07: Sample problems and solutions
  230. 26: Calculus
  231. 26.01: Functions of Real Numbers
  232. 26.02: Derivatives
  233. 26.03: Anti-derivatives and integrals
  234. 26.04: Summary
  235. 26.05: Thinking about the Material
  236. 26.06: Sample problems and solutions
  237. 27: Guidelines for lab related activities
  238. 27.01: The process of science and the need for scientific writing
  239. 27.02: Scientific writing
  240. 27.03: Guide for writing a proposal
  241. 27.04: Guide for reviewing a proposal
  242. 27.05: Guide for writing a lab report
  243. 27.06: Sample proposal (Measuring g using a pendulum)
  244. 27.07: Sample proposal review (Measuring g using a pendulum)
  245. 27.08: Sample lab report (Measuring g using a pendulum)
  246. 27.09: Sample lab report review (Measuring g using a pendulum)
  247. 28: The Python Programming Language
  248. 28.01: A quick intro to programming
  249. 28.02: Arrays
  250. 28.03: Plotting
  251. 28.04: The QExpy python package for experimental physics
  252. 28.05: Advanced topics