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Louisville Collegiate School General Chemistry

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Louisville Collegiate School General Chemistry

This Textmap is designed for the two-semester general chemistry course. For many students, this course provides the foundation to a career in chemistry, while for others, this may be their only college-level science course. As such, this textbook provides an important opportunity for students to learn the core concepts of chemistry and understand how those concepts apply to their lives and the world around them.

Chemistry
Author
OpenStax
Publisher
LibreTexts
Source
LibreTexts
License
CC BY
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 178 sections
  1. Appendices
  2. Composition of Commercial Acids and Bases
  3. Essential Mathematics
  4. Formation Constants for Complex Ions
  5. Fundamental Physical Constants
  6. Ionization Constants of Weak Acids
  7. Ionization Constants of Weak Bases
  8. Solubility Products
  9. Standard Electrode (Half-Cell) Potentials
  10. Standard Thermodynamic Properties for Selected Substances
  11. The Periodic Table
  12. Units and Conversion Factors
  13. Water Properties
  14. LibreTexts Louisville Collegiate School Chapters 01: Essential Ideas
  15. 1.1: Chemistry in Context
  16. 1.2: Phases and Classification of Matter
  17. 1.3: Physical and Chemical Properties
  18. 1.4: Measurements
  19. 1.5: Measurement Uncertainty Accuracy and Precision
  20. 1.6: Mathematical Treatment of Measurement Results
  21. 1.E: Essential Ideas of Chemistry (Exercises)
  22. LibreTexts Louisville Collegiate School Chapters 02: Atoms Molecules and Ions
  23. 2.0: Prelude to Atoms
  24. 2.1: Early Ideas in Atomic Theory
  25. 2.2: Evolution of Atomic Theory
  26. 2.3: Atomic Structure and Symbolism
  27. 2.4: Chemical Formulas
  28. 2.5: The Periodic Table
  29. 2.6: Molecular and Ionic Compounds
  30. 2.7: Chemical Nomenclature
  31. 2.E: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions (Exercises)
  32. LibreTexts Louisville Collegiate School Chapters 03: Composition of Substances and Solutions
  33. 3.1: Formula Mass and the Mole Concept
  34. 3.2: Determining Empirical and Molecular Formulas
  35. 3.3: Molarity
  36. 3.4: Other Units for Solution Concentrations
  37. 3.E: Composition of Substances and Solutions (Exercises)
  38. LibreTexts Louisville Collegiate School Chapters 04: Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions
  39. 4.0: Prelude to Stoichiometry
  40. 4.1: Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
  41. 4.2: Classifying Chemical Reactions
  42. 4.3: Reaction Stoichiometry
  43. 4.4: Reaction Yields
  44. 4.5: Quantitative Chemical Analysis
  45. 4.E: Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions (Exercises)
  46. LibreTexts Louisville Collegiate School Chapters 05: Thermochemistry
  47. 5.0: Prelude to Thermochemistry
  48. 5.1: Energy Basics
  49. 5.2: Calorimetry
  50. 5.3: Enthalpy
  51. 5.E: Thermochemistry (Exercises)
  52. LibreTexts Louisville Collegiate School Chapters 06: Electronic Structure and Periodic Properties of Elements
  53. 6.1: Electromagnetic Energy
  54. 6.2: The Bohr Model
  55. 6.3: Development of Quantum Theory
  56. 6.4: Electronic Structure of Atoms (Electron Configurations)
  57. 6.5: Periodic Variations in Element Properties
  58. 6.E: Electronic Structure and Periodic Properties (Exercises)
  59. LibreTexts Louisville Collegiate School Chapters 07: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry
  60. 7.0: Prelude to Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry
  61. 7.1: Ionic Bonding
  62. 7.2: Covalent Bonding
  63. 7.3: Lewis Symbols and Structures
  64. 7.4: Formal Charges and Resonance
  65. 7.5: Strengths of Ionic and Covalent Bonds
  66. 7.6: Molecular Structure and Polarity
  67. 7.E: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry (Exercises)
  68. LibreTexts Louisville Collegiate School Chapters 08: Advanced Theories of Covalent Bonding
  69. 8.0: Prelude to Covalent Bonding
  70. 8.1: Valence Bond Theory
  71. 8.2: Hybrid Atomic Orbitals
  72. 8.3: Multiple Bonds
  73. 8.4: Molecular Orbital Theory
  74. 8.E: Advanced Theories of Covalent Bonding (Exercises)
  75. LibreTexts Louisville Collegiate School Chapters 09: Gases
  76. 9.1: Gas Pressure
  77. 9.2: Relating Pressure, Volume, Amount, and Temperature: The Ideal Gas Law
  78. 9.3: Stoichiometry of Gaseous Substances, Mixtures, and Reactions
  79. 9.4: Effusion and Diffusion of Gases
  80. 9.5: The Kinetic-Molecular Theory
  81. 9.6: Non-Ideal Gas Behavior
  82. 9.E: Gases (Exercises)
  83. LibreTexts Louisville Collegiate School Chapters 10: Liquids and Solids
  84. 10.0: Prelude to Liquids and Solids
  85. 10.1: Intermolecular Forces
  86. 10.2: Properties of Liquids
  87. 10.3: Phase Transitions
  88. 10.4: Phase Diagrams
  89. 10.5: The Solid State of Matter
  90. 10.6: Lattice Structures in Crystalline Solids
  91. 10.E: Liquids and Solids (Exercises)
  92. LibreTexts Louisville Collegiate School Chapters 11: Solutions and Colloids
  93. 11.0: Prelude to Solutions and Colloids
  94. 11.1: The Dissolution Process
  95. 11.2: Electrolytes
  96. 11.3: Solubility
  97. 11.4: Colligative Properties
  98. 11.5: Colloids
  99. 11.E: Solutions and Colloids (Exercises)
  100. LibreTexts Louisville Collegiate School Chapters 12: Kinetics
  101. 12.0: Prelude to Kinetics
  102. 12.1: Chemical Reaction Rates
  103. 12.2: Factors Affecting Reaction Rates
  104. 12.3: Rate Laws
  105. 12.4: Integrated Rate Laws
  106. 12.5: Collision Theory
  107. 12.6: Reaction Mechanisms
  108. 12.7: Catalysis
  109. 12.E: Kinetics (Exercises)
  110. LibreTexts Louisville Collegiate School Chapters 13: Fundamental Equilibrium Concepts
  111. 13.0: Prelude to Equilibrium
  112. 13.1: Chemical Equilibria
  113. 13.2: Equilibrium Constants
  114. 13.3: Shifting Equilibria - Le Châtelier’s Principle
  115. 13.4: Equilibrium Calculations
  116. 13.E: Fundamental Equilibrium Concepts (Exercises)
  117. LibreTexts Louisville Collegiate School Chapters 14: Acid-Base Equilibria
  118. 14.1: Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
  119. 14.2: pH and pOH
  120. 14.3: Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases
  121. 14.4: Hydrolysis of Salt Solutions
  122. 14.5: Polyprotic Acids
  123. 14.6: Buffers
  124. 14.7: Acid-Base Titrations
  125. 14.E: Acid-Base Equilibria (Exercises)
  126. LibreTexts Louisville Collegiate School Chapters 15: Equilibria of Other Reaction Classes
  127. 15.1: Precipitation and Dissolution
  128. 15.2: Lewis Acids and Bases
  129. 15.3: Coupled Equilibria
  130. 15.E: Equilibria of Other Reaction Classes (Exercises)
  131. LibreTexts Louisville Collegiate School Chapters 16: Thermodynamics
  132. 16.1: Spontaneity
  133. 16.2: Entropy
  134. 16.3: The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics
  135. 16.4: Gibbs Energy
  136. 16.E: Thermodynamics (Exercises)
  137. LibreTexts Louisville Collegiate School Chapters 17: Electrochemistry
  138. 17.1: Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
  139. 17.2: Galvanic Cells
  140. 17.3: Standard Reduction Potentials
  141. 17.4: The Nernst Equation
  142. 17.5: Batteries and Fuel Cells
  143. 17.6: Corrosion
  144. 17.7: Electrolysis
  145. 17.E: Electrochemistry (Exercises)
  146. LibreTexts Louisville Collegiate School Chapters 18: Representative Metals Metalloids and Nonmetals
  147. 18.01: Periodicity
  148. 18.02: Occurrence and Preparation of the Representative Metals
  149. 18.03: Structure and General Properties of the Metalloids
  150. 18.04: Structure and General Properties of the Nonmetals
  151. 18.05: Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Hydrogen
  152. 18.06: Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Carbonates
  153. 18.07: Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Nitrogen
  154. 18.08: Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Phosphorus
  155. 18.09: Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Oxygen
  156. 18.10: Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Sulfur
  157. 18.11: Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Halogens
  158. 18.12: Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of the Noble Gases
  159. 18.E: Representative Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals (Exercises)
  160. LibreTexts Louisville Collegiate School Chapters 19: Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry
  161. 19.1: Properties of Transition Metals and Their Compounds
  162. 19.2: Coordination Chemistry of Transition Metals
  163. 19.3: Optical and Magnetic Properties of Coordination Compounds
  164. 19.E: Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry (Exercises)
  165. LibreTexts Louisville Collegiate School Chapters 20: Organic Chemistry
  166. 20.0: Prelude to Organic Chemistry
  167. 20.1: Hydrocarbons
  168. 20.2: Alcohols and Ethers
  169. 20.3: Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, and Esters
  170. 20.4: Amines and Amides
  171. 20.E: Organic Chemistry (Exercises)
  172. LibreTexts Louisville Collegiate School Chapters 21: Nuclear Chemistry
  173. 21.2: Nuclear Equations
  174. 21.3: Radioactive Decay
  175. 21.4: Transmutation and Nuclear Energy
  176. 21.5: Uses of Radioisotopes
  177. 21.6: Biological Effects of Radiation
  178. 21.E: Nuclear Chemistry (Exercises)