External

Making Games with Python and Pygame

This book will teach you how to make graphical computer games in the Python programming language using the Pygame library.This book assumes you know a little bit about Python or programming in general. If you don’t know how to program, you can learn by downloading the free book "Invent Your Own Computer Games with Python" from http://inventwithpython.com. Or you can jump right into this book and mostly pick it up along the way. This book is for the intermediate programmer who has learned what va

Computer Science Engineering

Author: Al Sweigart
Publisher: LibreTexts
Source: LibreTexts
License: CC BY-NC-SA
Language: EN
Category: Information Technology

Read online Download PDF (open licence)

Contents· 272 sections

01: Introduction
1.01: Who Is This Book For
1.02: About This Book
02: Installing Python and Pygame
2.01: What You Should Know Before You Begin
2.02: Downloading and Installing Python
2.03: Windows Instructions
2.04: Mac OS X Instructions
2.05: Ubuntu and Linux Instructions
2.06: Starting Python
2.07: Installing Pygame
2.08: How to Use This Book
2.09: The Featured Programs
2.10: Downloading Graphics and Sound Files
2.11: Line Numbers and Spaces
2.12: Text Wrapping in This Book
2.13: Checking Your Code Online
2.14: More Info Links on invpy.com
03: Pygame Basics
3.01: GUI vs. CLI
3.02: Source Code for Hello World with Pygame
3.03: Setting Up a Pygame Program
3.04: Game Loops and Game States
3.05: pygame.event.Event Objects
3.06: The QUIT Event and pygame.quit() Function
3.07: Pixel Coordinates
3.08: A Reminder About Functions Methods Constructor Functions and Functions in Modules (and the Difference Between Them)
3.09: Surface Objects and The Window
3.10: Colors
3.11: Transparent Colors
3.12: pygame.Color Objects
3.13: Rect Objects
3.14: Primitive Drawing Functions
3.15: pygame.PixelArray Objects
3.16: The pygame.display.update() Function
3.17: Animation
3.18: Frames Per Second and pygame.time.Clock Objects
3.19: Drawing Images with pygame.image.load() and blit()
3.20: Fonts
3.21: Anti-Aliasing
3.22: Playing Sounds
3.23: Summary
04: Memory Puzzle
4.01: How to Play Memory Puzzle
4.02: Nested for Loops
4.03: Source Code of Memory Puzzle
4.04: Credits and Imports
4.05: Magic Numbers are Bad
4.06: Sanity Checks with assert Statements
4.07: Telling If a Number is Even or Odd
4.08: Crash Early and Crash Often
4.09: Making the Source Code Look Pretty
4.10: Using Constant Variables Instead of Strings
4.11: Making Sure We Have Enough Icons
4.12: Tuples vs. Lists, Immutable vs. Mutable
4.13: One Item Tuples Need a Trailing Comma
4.14: Converting Between Lists and Tuples
4.15: The global Statement, and Why Global Variables are Evil
4.16: Data Structures and 2D Lists
4.17: The “Start Game” Animation
4.18: The Game Loop
4.19: The Event Handling Loop
4.20: Checking Which Box The Mouse Cursor is Over
4.21: Handling the First Clicked Box
4.22: Handling a Mismatched Pair of Icons
4.23: Handling If the Player Won
4.24: Drawing the Game State to the Screen
4.25: Creating the “Revealed Boxes” Data Structure
4.26: Creating the Board Data Structure- Step 1 – Get All Possible Icons
4.27: Step 2 – Shuffling and Truncating the List of All Icons
4.28: Step 3 – Placing the Icons on the Board
4.29: Splitting a List into a List of Lists
4.30: Different Coordinate Systems
4.31: Converting from Pixel Coordinates to Box Coordinates
4.32: Drawing the Icon, and Syntactic Sugar
4.33: Syntactic Sugar with Getting a Board Space’s Icon’s Shape and Color
4.34: Drawing the Box Cover
4.35: Handling the Revealing and Covering Animation
4.36: Drawing the Entire Board
4.37: Drawing the Highlight
4.38: The "Start Game" Animation
4.39: Revealing and Covering the Groups of Boxes
4.40: The “Game Won” Animation
4.41: Telling if the Player Has Won
4.42: Why Bother Having a main() Function?
4.43: Why Bother With Readability?
4.44: Summary, and a Hacking Suggestion
05: Slide Puzzle
5.01: How to Play Slide Puzzle
5.02: Source Code to Slide Puzzle
5.03: Second Verse, Same as the First
5.04: Setting Up the Buttons
5.05: Being Smart By Using Stupid Code
5.06: The Main Game Loop
5.07: Clicking on the Buttons
5.08: Sliding Tiles with the Mouse
5.09: Sliding Tiles with the Keyboard
5.10: “Equal To One Of” Trick with the in Operator
5.11: WASD and Arrow Keys
5.12: Actually Performing the Tile Slide
5.13: IDLE and Terminating Pygame Programs
5.14: Checking for a Specific Event, and Posting Events to Pygame’s Event Queue
5.15: Creating the Board Data Structure
5.16: Not Tracking the Blank Position
5.17: Making a Move by Updating the Board Data Structure
5.18: When NOT to Use an Assertion
5.19: Getting a Not-So-Random Move
5.20: Converting Tile Coordinates to Pixel Coordinates
5.21: Converting from Pixel Coordinates to Board Coordinates
5.22: Drawing a Tile
5.23: The Making Text Appear on the Screen
5.24: Drawing the Board
5.25: Drawing the Border of the Board
5.26: Drawing the Buttons
5.27: Animating the Tile Slides
5.28: The copy() Surface Method
5.29: Creating a New Puzzle
5.30: Animating the Board Reset
5.31: Time vs. Memory Tradeoffs
5.32: Nobody Cares About a Few Bytes
5.33: Nobody Cares About a Few Million Nanoseconds
5.34: Summary
06: Simulate
6.01: How to Play Simulate
6.02: Source Code to Simulate
6.03: The Usual Starting Stuff
6.04: Setting Up the Buttons
6.05: The main() Function
6.06: Some Local Variables Used in This Program
6.07: Drawing the Board and Handling Input
6.08: Checking for Mouse Clicks
6.09: Checking for Keyboard Presses
6.10: The Two States of the Game Loop
6.11: Figuring Out if the Player Pressed the Right Buttons
6.12: Epoch Time
6.13: Drawing the Board to the Screen
6.14: Same Old terminate() Function
6.15: Reusing The Constant Variables
6.16: Animating the Button Flash
6.17: Drawing the Buttons
6.18: Animating the Background Change
6.19: The Game Over Animation
6.20: Converting from Pixel Coordinates to Buttons
6.21: Explicit is Better Than Implicit
07: Wormy
7.01: How to Play Wormy
7.02: Source Code to Wormy
7.03: The Grid
7.04: The Setup Code
7.05: The main() Function
7.06: A Separate runGame() Function
7.07: The Event Handling Loop
7.08: Collision Detection
7.09: Detecting Collisions with the Apple
7.10: Moving the Worm
7.11: The insert() List Method
7.12: Drawing the Screen
7.13: Drawing “Press a key” Text to the Screen
7.14: The checkForKeyPress() Function
7.15: The Start Screen
7.16: Rotating the Start Screen Text
7.17: Rotations Are Not Perfect
7.18: Deciding Where the Apple Appears
7.19: Game Over Screens
7.20: Drawing Functions
7.21: Don’t Reuse Variable Names
08: Tetromino
8.01: How to Play Tetromino
8.02: Some Tetromino Nomenclature
8.03: Source Code to Tetromino
8.04: The Usual Setup Code
8.05: Setting up Timing Constants for Holding Down Keys
8.06: More Setup Code
8.07: Setting Up the Piece Templates
8.08: Splitting a “Line of Code” Across Multiple Lines
8.09: The main() Function
8.10: The Start of a New Game
8.11: The Game Loop
8.12: The Event Handling Loop
8.13: Pausing the Game
8.14: Using Movement Variables to Handle User Input
8.15: Checking if a Slide or Rotation is Valid
8.16: Finding the Bottom
8.17: Moving by Holding Down the Key
8.18: Letting the Piece “Naturally” Fall
8.19: Drawing Everything on the Screen
8.20: makeTextObjs(), A Shortcut Function for Making Text
8.21: The Same Old terminate() Function
8.22: Waiting for a Key Press Event with the checkForKeyPress() Function
8.23: showTextScreen(), A Generic Text Screen Function
8.24: The checkForQuit() Function
8.25: The calculateLevelAndFallFreq() Function
8.26: Generating Pieces with the getNewPiece() Function
8.27: Adding Pieces to the Board Data Structure
8.28: Creating a New Board Data Structure
8.29: The isOnBoard() and isValidPosition() Functions
8.30: Checking for, and Removing, Complete Lines
8.31: Convert from Board Coordinates to Pixel Coordinates
8.32: Drawing a Box on the Board or Elsewhere on the Screen
8.33: Drawing Everything to the Screen
8.34: Drawing the Score and Level Text
8.35: Drawing a Piece on the Board or Elsewhere on the Screen
8.36: Drawing the “Next” Piece
8.37: Summary
09: Squirrel Eat Squirrel
9.01: How to Play Squirrel Eat Squirrel
9.02: The Design of Squirrel Eat Squirrel
9.03: Source Code to Squirrel Eat Squirrel
9.04: The Usual Setup Code
9.05: Describing the Data Structures
9.06: The main() Function
9.07: The pygame.transform.flip() Function
9.08: A More Detailed Game State than Usual
9.09: The Usual Text Creation Code
9.10: Cameras
9.11: The “Active Area”
9.12: Keeping Track of the Location of Things in the Game World
9.13: Starting Off with Some Grass
9.14: The Game Loop
9.15: Checking to Disable Invulnerability
9.16: Moving the Enemy Squirrels
9.17: Removing the Far Away Grass and Squirrel Objects
9.18: When Deleting Items in a List, Iterate Over the List in Reverse
9.19: Adding New Grass and Squirrel Objects
9.20: Camera Slack, and Moving the Camera View
9.21: Drawing the Background, Grass, Squirrels, and Health Meter
9.22: The Event Handling Loop
9.23: Moving the Player, and Accounting for Bounce
9.24: Collision Detection- Eat or Be Eaten
9.25: The Game Over Screen
9.26: Winning
9.27: Drawing a Graphical Health Meter
9.28: The Same Old terminate() Function
9.29: The Mathematics of the Sine Function
9.30: Backwards Compatibility with Python Version 2
9.31: The getRandomVelocity() Function
9.32: Finding a Place to Add New Squirrels and Grass
9.33: Creating Enemy Squirrel Data Structures
9.34: Flipping the Squirrel Image
9.35: Creating Grass Data Structures
9.36: Checking if Outside the Active Area
9.37: Summary
10: Star Pusher
10.01: How to Play Star Pusher
10.02: Source Code to Star Pusher
10.03: The Initial Setup
10.04: Data Structures in Star Pusher
10.05: The “Game State” Data Structure
10.06: The “Map” Data Structure
10.07: The “Levels” Data Structure
10.08: Reading and Writing Text Files
10.09: Text Files and Binary Files
10.10: Writing to Files
10.11: Reading from Files
10.12: About the Star Pusher Map File Format
10.13: Recursive Functions
10.14: Stack Overflows
10.15: Preventing Stack Overflows with a Base Case
10.16: The Flood Fill Algorithm
10.17: Drawing the Map
10.18: Checking if the Level is Finished
10.19: Summary
11: Four Extra Games
11.01: Flippy, an “Othello” Clone
11.02: Source Code for Flippy
11.03: Ink Spill, a “Flood It” Clone
11.04: Source Code for Ink Spill
11.05: Four-In-A-Row, a “Connect Four” Clone
11.06: Source Code for Four-In-A-Row
11.07: Gemgem, a “Bejeweled” Clone
11.08: Source Code for Gemgem
11.09: Summary