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Statistics and Probability

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Statistics and Probability

This text covers descriptive statistics, including measures of central tendency, dispersion and position; elements of probability; inferential statistics including confidence intervals, hypothesis tests, two-population comparisons; correlation and regression; goodness of fit; analysis of variance; and applications in various fields. An introduction to the use of a computer software package to complete both descriptive and inferential statistics problems is included.

Statistics
Author
Las Positas College
Publisher
LibreTexts
Source
LibreTexts
Language
EN
Category
Basic Sciences
Read online Download PDF (open licence)
Contents· 155 sections
  1. 01: The Nature of Statistics
  2. 1.01: Prelude to Statistics
  3. 1.02: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
  4. 1.03: Variables Types of Data and Sampling Techniques
  5. 1.04: Data Collection and Sampling
  6. 1.05: Experimental Design Observational Studies and Ethics
  7. 1.06: Statistical Technology- Computers and Calculators
  8. 1.E: Sampling and Data (Exercises)
  9. 02: Frequency Distributions and Graphs
  10. 2.01: Prelude to Descriptive Statistics
  11. 2.02: Organizing Data - Frequency Distributions
  12. 2.03: Histograms Ogives Frequency Polygons and Time Series
  13. 2.04: Other Types of Graphs
  14. 2.E: Graphs (Optional Exercises)
  15. 03: Data Description
  16. 3.01: Prelude to Descriptive Statistics
  17. 3.02: Measures of the Center of the Data
  18. 3.03: Measures of the Variation of the Data
  19. 3.04: Measures of Position
  20. 3.05: Exploratory Data Analysis
  21. 3.E: Descriptive Statistics (Optional Exercises)
  22. 1.E: Measures of Position (Optional Exercises)
  23. 04: Probability and Counting
  24. 4.01: Prelude to Probability
  25. 4.02: Terminology and Notation for Probability
  26. 4.03: The Addition and Multiplication Rules of Probability
  27. 4.04: Counting Rules
  28. 4.05: Probability And Counting Rules
  29. 4.E: Probability Topics (Optional Exercises)
  30. 1.E: Combinations (Optional Exercises)
  31. 1.E: Permutations (Optional Exercises)
  32. 1.E: Permutations with Similar Elements (Optional Exercises)
  33. 1.E: Probability Using Tree Diagrams and Combinations (Optional Exercises)
  34. 1.E: Tree Diagrams and the Multiplication Axiom (Optional Exercises)
  35. 05: Discrete Probability Distributions
  36. 5.01: Prelude to Discrete Random Variables
  37. 5.02: Probability Distribution Function (PDF) for a Discrete Random Variable
  38. 5.03: Mean or Expected Value and Standard Deviation
  39. 5.04: Binomial Distribution
  40. 5.E: Discrete Random Variables (Optional Exercises)
  41. 06: Continuous Random Variables and the Normal Distribution
  42. 6.01: Prelude
  43. 6.02: The Normal Distribution
  44. 6.03: Applications of the Normal Distribution
  45. 6.04: The Central Limit Theorem
  46. 6.05: Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution
  47. 6.E: The Normal Distribution (Optional Exercises)
  48. 1.E: The Central Limit Theorem for Sample Means (Optional Exercises)
  49. 1.E: The Standard Normal Distribution (Optional Exercises)
  50. 07: Confidence Intervals and Sample Size
  51. 7.01: Prelude to Confidence Intervals
  52. 7.02: Confidence Intervals for the Mean with Known Population Standard Deviation
  53. 7.03: Confidence Intervals for the Mean with Unknown Standard Deviation
  54. 7.04: Confidence Intervals and Sample Size for Proportions
  55. 7.E: Confidence Intervals (Optional Exercises)
  56. 1.E: Confidence Intervals for the Mean with Known Standard Deviation (Optional Exercises)
  57. 08: Hypothesis Testing with One Sample
  58. 8.01: Prelude to Hypothesis Testing
  59. 8.02: Hypothesis Testing for One Population
  60. 8.03: Hypothesis Tests for Means with Known Population Standard Deviation
  61. 8.04: Hypothesis Tests for Means with Unknown Population Standard Deviation
  62. 8.05: Hypothesis Test Examples for Proportions
  63. 8.E: Hypothesis Testing (Optional Exercises)
  64. 1.E: Distribution Needed for Hypothesis Testing (Optional Exercises)
  65. 1.E: Hypothesis Testing with One Sample (Optional Exercises)
  66. 1.E: Null and Alternative Hypotheses (Optional Exercises)
  67. 1.E: Outcomes and the Type I and Type II Errors (Optional Exercises)
  68. 1.E: Rare Events the Sample Decision and Conclusion (Optional Exercises)
  69. 09: Inferences with Two Samples
  70. 9.01: Prelude to Hypothesis Testing with Two Samples
  71. 9.02: Inferences for Two Population Means- Large Independent Samples
  72. 9.03: Inferences for Two Population Means - Unknown Standard Deviations
  73. 9.04: Inferences for Two Population Means - Paired Samples
  74. 9.05: Inferences for Two Population Proportions
  75. 9.06: Which Analysis Should You Conduct
  76. 9.E: Hypothesis Testing with Two Samples (Optional Exercises)
  77. 10: Correlation and Regression
  78. 10.01: Prelude to Linear Regression and Correlation
  79. 10.02: Scatter Plots and Testing the Significance of the Correlation Coefficient
  80. 10.03: The Regression Equation and Prediction
  81. 10.04: Outliers
  82. 10.E: Linear Regression and Correlation (Optional Exercises)
  83. 1.E: Linear Equations (Optional Exercises)
  84. 1.E: Outliers (Optional Exercises)
  85. 1.E: Prediction (Optional Exercises)
  86. 1.E: Scatter Plots (Optional Exercises)
  87. 1.E: Testing the Significance of the Correlation Coefficient (Optional Exercises)
  88. 1.E: The Regression Equation (Optional Exercise)
  89. 11: Chi-Square and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
  90. 11.01: Prelude to The Chi-Square Distribution
  91. 11.02: Goodness-of-Fit Test
  92. 11.03: Tests Using Contingency tables
  93. 11.04: One-Way ANOVA
  94. 11.E: F Distribution and One-Way ANOVA (Optional Exercises)
  95. 11.E: The Chi-Square Distribution (Optional Exercises)
  96. 12: Nonparametric Statistics
  97. 12.01: Benefits of Distribution Free Tests
  98. 12.02: Randomization Tests - Two Conditions
  99. 12.03: Randomization Tests - Two or More Conditions
  100. 12.04: Randomization Association
  101. 12.05: Fisher's Exact Test
  102. 12.06: Rank Randomization Two Conditions
  103. 12.07: Rank Randomization Two or More Conditions
  104. 12.08: Rank Randomization for Association
  105. 12.09: Statistical Literacy Standard
  106. 12.10: Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
  107. 12.11: KruskalWallis Test
  108. 12.12: Spearman Rank Correlation
  109. 12.13: Choosing the Right Test
  110. 12.E: Distribution Free Tests (Exercises)
  111. 13: Appendices
  112. 13.01: A Statistical Table- Standard Normal (Z)
  113. 13.02: A Statistical Table- Student t Distribution
  114. 13.03: A Statistical Table- Chi-Square Distribution
  115. 13.04: A Statistical Table - Sample Correlation Coefficient Table
  116. 13.05: A Statistical Table- F Distribution
  117. 13.06: B Mathematical Phrases Symbols and Formulas
  118. 13.07: Tips for Tables andGraphs
  119. 13.7.01: Presenting Data in Tables
  120. 13.7.02: Guide to Fairly Good Graphs
  121. 13.08: How to Use Microsoft Excel for Regression Analysis
  122. 14: Additional Examples and Information
  123. 14.01: Additional Homework Questions and Solutions
  124. 14.1.01: Ch 1 Homework (Sampling and Data)
  125. 14.1.02: Ch 1 Solutions
  126. 14.1.03: Ch 2 Homework (Descriptive Statistics)
  127. 14.1.04: Ch 2 Solutions
  128. 14.1.05: Ch 3 Homework (Probability Topics)
  129. 14.1.06: Ch 3 Solutions
  130. 14.1.07: Ch 4 Homework (Discrete Random Variables)
  131. 14.1.08: Ch 4 Solutions
  132. 14.1.09: Ch 5 Homework (Continuos Random Variables)
  133. 14.1.10: Ch 5 Solutions
  134. 14.1.11: Ch 6 Homework (Normal Distribution)
  135. 14.1.12: Ch 6 Solutions
  136. 14.1.13: Ch 7 Homework (Central Limit Theorem)
  137. 14.1.14: Ch 7 Solutions
  138. 14.1.15: Ch 8 Homework (Confidence Intervals)
  139. 14.1.16: CH 8 Solutions
  140. 14.1.17: Ch 9 Homework (Hypothesis Testing - One Sample)
  141. 14.1.18: Ch 9 Solutions
  142. 14.1.19: Ch 10 Homework (Hypothesis Testing - Two Samples)
  143. 14.1.20: Ch 10 Solutions
  144. 14.1.21: Ch 11 Homework (Chi-Squared Distribution)
  145. 14.1.22: Ch 11 Solutions
  146. 14.1.23: Ch 12 Homework (F Distribution and ANOVA)
  147. 14.1.24: Ch 12 Solutions
  148. 14.1.25: Ch 13 Homework (Correlation and Regression)
  149. 14.1.26: Ch13 Solutions
  150. 14.02: Sample Page and extra 2.3 exercises
  151. 14.2.01: Extra Measure of Center Exercises
  152. 14.03: Continuous Probability Functions
  153. 14.04: The Uniform Distribution
  154. 14.05: The Standard Normal Distribution
  155. 14.06: Confidence Intervals (Summary)